Effect of different data standardization methods on spectrum-effect relationship for anticoagulation of Trichosanthis Fructus dropping pills / 中国中药杂志

To study the effect of different data standardization methods on the spectrum-effect relationship for anticoagulant effect of Trichosanthis Fructus dropping pills. The spectrum-effect relationship was studied by using grey correlation degree method between three doses of Trichosanthis Fructus dropping pills and prothrombintime (PT) in mice. The effect of 10 data standardization methods, namely minimization method, maximum method, data extreme difference method, standard deviation standardization method, initialization transformation method, mean transformation method, ratio of each chromatographic peak area to the total peak area, ratio of each chromatographic peak area to the common peak area, logarithmic standardization method and tangent normalization method on the spectrum-effect relationship between Trichosanthis Fructus dropping pills and PT in mice was evaluated by using relative correlation degree as the index. The results of spectrum-effect relationship can be expressed by the minimization method, the data extreme difference method, the standard deviation standardization method, the initialization method and the mean transformation method, with highest relative correlation degree by the mean transformation method. As compared with the mean transformation method, there were significant differences between the high dose group and the medium dose group in the minimization method and the data extreme difference method (<0.01), while the minimization method in the low dose group showed statistical significance (<0.05). The standard deviation standardization method, initialization method and the mean transformation method can be used to study the spectrum-effect relationship for the anticoagulation of Trichosanthis Fructus dropping pills.

Study on standardization method of Astragalus polysaccharide reference substance / 中草药

Objective A variety of techniques were adopted to establish a standardization method of Astragalus polysaccharides (APs) reference substance. This reference substance was used for quality control of APs for injection. Methods The total sugar content was quantified by UV spectrophotometry ration. The content of monosaccharide was determined by HPLC at detective wavelength of 250 nm after derivatized with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP). The high performance size exclusion chromatography method was used for the determination of molecular weight and distribution. TLC was applied to check the free monosaccharide. Then the glycosidic linkage position and configuration were detected by using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). A number of experimental parameters were applied to control the quality of APs reference substance. Results The APs was composed of rhamnose (Rha), galactose acid (GalA), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and arabinose (Arb), and Glc was the main component and free monosaccharide were not detected in APs. The result of molecular weight test showed that there were four chromatographic peaks in APs, of which the main peak (peak 3) MW was 12 531 and the peak area ratio was 83%. The amount of sugar was 94% by UV test in which the glc was calculated as reference substance. There were eight main types of glycosidic bonds detected by GC-MS. Among them, the 1,4-glucose linkage was the main one. The glycosidic bond confirmed by NMR was α configuration. Conclusion The standardization method of APs reference substance has been established in this study. The identification method and determination of sugar amount are accurate and reliable. In the further research, APs reference substance will be used in quality control of APs products.

Study on standardization methods in forensic medicine / 中国法医学杂志

Through analysis of the existing problems of standardization in the field of forensic medicine, combined with standardized methods in the course of evolution, applying the theory and method of standard system and complex standardization, and points out that the forensic medicine ifeld standardization methods should be according to the demand, through building standard system to guide the standardization work and to ifll standard missing items, improve the existing standards, and actively adapt to the need of development of multi discipline cooperation in forensic medicine, and promote the establishment of standard-complex.

Introduction to an individual-based standardization method-propensity score weighting / 中华流行病学杂志

In this article,we presented the rationale and calculation procedures of a propensity score weighting method,with its application in epidemiological studies.The rationale for propensity score weighting method is similar to those for traditional standardization methods.Propensity score is used to estimate the weight for each individual.As the propensity score serves the function of observed covariates,the propensity score weighting can balance the distribution of the observed covariates between the comparison groups.There are two weighting methods according to the target standard populations:the Inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)and the Standardized mortality ratio weighting(SMRW).Results of the example show that the distribution of the covariates tended to be consistent after weighting,and the IPTW and SMRW methods showed similar effect estimates.Propensity score weighting method can effectively balance the distribution of the confounding factors between the compared groups in non-randomized controlled trials.