ABSTRACT
Based on the theory ofYe Tianshi that“disease progressively, chronic diseases transforming to collaterals”, physiological and pathological features of the lung were combined to elucidate the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, which had the characteristics of disease progressed from superficial location to deeper regions, and the disease transformed from functional to organic disease lesions. The initial stage was mainlyqi disorders and dysfunction due to evilqi invasion andqi disorder in the lung collaterals. The treatment was to disperseqi and regulate collaterals. In the middle or later stage, the main pathogenesis was lung deficiency and blood stasis due to the obstruction of lung collaterals, as well as long-term mixture of deficiency and stasis. The treatment was to remove obstruction and tonify deficiency. Therefore, dispersingqi and regulating collaterals, as well as removing obstruction and tonifying deficiency were the main treatment methods of pulmonary fibrosis. Analysis on pulmonary fibrosis from the theory of“disease progressively, chronic diseases transforming to collaterals”, can give a good summary and explanation of the disease occurrence, progress and development with important clinical significance.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of depth on the hydrodynamic drag coefficient during the passive underwater gliding after the starts and turns. The swimmer hydrodynamics performance was studied by the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The steady-state CFD simulations were performed by the application of k - omega turbulent model and volume of fluid method to obtain two-phase flow around a three-dimensional swimmer model when gliding near water surface and at different depths from the water surface. The simulations were conducted for four different swimming pool size, each with different depth, i.e., 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 3.0 m for three different velocities, i.e., 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m/s, with swimmer gliding at different depths with intervals of 0.25 m, each starting from the water surface, respectively. The numerical results of pressure drag and total coefficients at individual average race velocities were obtained. The results showed that the drag coefficient decreased as depth increased, with a trend toward reduced fluctuation after 0.5m depth from the water surface. The selection of the appropriate depth during the gliding phase should be a main concern of swimmers and coaches.