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El uso de dispositivos móviles en la vida moderna es imprescindible debido a las ventajas que brindan al ofrecer nuevas posibilidades e implementar de manera virtual servicios ya establecidos. La mayor existencia de móviles que computadoras en los estudiantes de Cuba nos motivó a la realización de esta aplicación. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la aplicación nombrada Cálculos estadísticos y tasas en salud (Calc. Tasas versión 1.7) construida para realizar cálculos en un curso de Bioestadística, cubriendo gran parte del contenido de esta asignatura en la enseñanza de pregrado de las universidades médicas, así como otros contenidos de interés en esta materia. También incorpora una base de datos con información demográfica y sanitaria de Cuba y sus provincias en el período 2013-2020. Como resultado se logró independencia tecnológica al dejar de usar programas foráneos y se logró una mayor portabilidad pues funciona tanto en móviles como en computadoras utilizando un emulador de Android(AU)
The use of mobile devices in modern life is essential due to the advantages they provide, offering new possibilities and implementing virtual services. The existence of greater number of mobiles phones than computers in Cuban students motivated the realization of this application. The objective of the article is to describe the application Statistical calculations and rates in health (Calc. Rates version 1.7) built to perform calculations in a Biostatistics course, covering a large part of the content of this subject in the undergraduate teaching of medical universities, as well as other content related with this topic. It also incorporates a database with demographic and health information on Cuba and its provinces in the period 2013-2020. As a result, technological independence was achieved by stopping using foreign programs and a greater portability, since it works on both mobile phones and computers through an Android emulator(AU)
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Humans , Male , Female , Mathematical Computing , Medical Informatics Applications , Programming Languages , Biostatistics/methods , Mobile Applications , CubaABSTRACT
Introducción. El análisis de datos secundarios en salud es importante para el éxito de la salud de la población. El propósito de esta guía práctica es entregar recomendaciones para el análisis adecuado de datos secundarios en salud. Desarrollo. varios problemas asociados con el análisis secundario de los datos de encuestas de salud deben abordarse, estos se relacionan con el diseño de la muestra, la medición de los datos, la falta de respuesta y la pérdida de datos. Para abordar algunos de estos problemas, se sugiere considerar el peso de la muestra, la operacionalización de las variables y la imputación de datos. Discusión. el análisis inapropiado de datos puede dar lugar a conclusiones inexactas y afectar la confiabilidad y validez de evidencia generada. Es importante explorar el conjunto de datos a analizar. Conclusión. es importante ser consciente de las particularidades del análisis secundario para evitar errores previsibles al seleccionar un conjunto de datos y realizar análisis estadístico.
Background. The analysis of population health data is important for the success of population health. The purpose of this practical guide is to provide recommendations for the adequate analysis of secondary health data. Development. There are several issues associated with the secondary analysis of health survey data that need to be addressed, these include relational sample design, data collection, non-response, and missing data. To resolve some of these problems, it is suggested to consider the weight of the sample, the operationalization of the variables and the imputation of data. Discussion. The inappropriate analysis of data can lead to inaccurate conclusions and affect the reliability and validity of evidence produced. It is important explore the data set to analyze. Conclusion. It is important to be aware of the particularities of secondary analysis to avoid foreseeable errors when selecting a data set and performing statistical analysis.
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AbstractIntroduction. This study shows statistical information regarding COVID-19 in Colombia up to this date (March 1-2022). Specifically, the daily, monthly and cumulative evolution of infections and deaths, correlated with the distribution of the population according to age and gender. Objective. Show statistical information about COVID-19 that allows help to plan and design, in future Pandemics, public health policy strategies in Colombia. Methods. Daily information since the official declaration of Pandemic in Colombia (March 16 2020) was obtained by the National Health Institute (INS) and was organized in a database in order to conduct respective analysis. This information was compared to similar studies obtained based on the bibliographical review. Results and Conclusions. Results and conclusions are similar to those found in the reference literature: most part of those dead by COVID-19 are of senior age and male gender. Regarding Case Fatality Rate (CFR), it notoriously increases with age. The most vulnerable population displays an average age of ≥ 52.8 years. The less vulnerable population are young persons under 30 years of age, but specifically, those within the age range of 10 and 20 years. Gompertz and Logistic models can mathematically simulate the evolution of deaths and the evolution of CFR according to age
ResumenIntroducción. Este estudio muestra información estadística sobre el COVID-19 en Colombia a la fecha (1 de marzo de 2022). Específicamente, la evolución diaria, mensual y acumulada de contagios y defunciones, correlacionada con la distribución de la población según edad y sexo. Objetivo. Mostrar información estadística sobre COVID-19 que permita ayudar a planificar y diseñar, en futuras Pandemias, estrategias de política de salud pública en Colombia. Metodología. La información diaria desde la declaratoria oficial de Pandemia en Colombia (16 de marzo de 2020) fue obtenida del Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) y fue organizada en una base de datos para realizar los análisis respectivos. Esta información se comparó con estudios similares obtenidos a partir de revisión bibliográfica. Resultados y conclusiones. Los resultados y conclusiones son similares a los encontrados en la literatura de referencia: la mayor parte de los fallecidos por COVID-19 son de edad avanzada y sexo masculino. En cuanto a la tasa de letalidad (CFR), ésta aumenta notoriamente con la edad. La población más vulnerable presenta una edad promedio ≥ 52.8 años. La población menos vulnerable son los jóvenes menores de 30 años, pero específicamente, los que se encuentran en el rango de edad de 10 y 20 años. Los modelos Gompertz y Logistic pueden simular matemáticamente la evolución de las muertes y la evolución de la CFR según la edad.
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Humans , COVID-19 , Health Strategies , Pandemics , InfectionsABSTRACT
AIM: To observe the changes of disease spectrum and characteristics of orbital disease distribution in orbital outpatients, introduce the procedures and methods of diagnosis and treatment of orbital diseases in our hospital and define the work focus and social needs in orbital disease. METHODS: Prospective observational study. A registration form was designed to record the gender, age and diagnosis of orbital outpatients in our treatment group. The orbital diseases were divided into seven categories for statistical analysis. The composition ratio, male to female ratio, age of onset, subtypes of dominant diseases and the top three common diseases were analyzed. This paper introduces the diagnosis and treatment process of the orbital disease specialty clinic of our hospital.RESULTS: A total of 1 059 patients with orbital diseases were registered from April 1 to December 31, 2021. The most common orbital diseases were thyroid-related ophthalmopathy(TAO)in 325 cases(30.7%), followed by orbital tumors in 282 cases(26.6%), orbital trauma in 213 cases(20.1%), orbital inflammation in 205 cases(19.4%). Orbital vascular malformation, congenital and genetic venereal diseases and other orbital diseases were 34 cases(3.2%). Pathological diagnosis: orbital tumors in 150 cases(72.8%)were benign, the first three benign tumors were hemolymphangioma, orbital cyst and neurogenic tumor. Orbital tumors in 56 cases were malignant(27.2%), the first three malignant tumors were orbital lymphoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland and rhabdomyosarcoma. The most common orbital injury was orbital blowout fracture, followed by optic nerve injury and orbital soft tissue injury. Orbital non-infectious inflammation accounted for 89.8% and 10.2% with infectious inflammation.CONCLUSION: The spectrum of orbital diseases has changed, and the most common and dominant diseases are TAO, orbital tumor, orbital trauma and orbital inflammation, accounting for 96.8% of the total, which are the main work content in orbital profession. Medical resources of orbital diseases should be rationally allocated according to the changes of disease spectrum to meet the needs of social development.
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Objectives@#This is a diagnostic test research study to evaluate the various existing methods of thyroid examination and their comparison with the novel modified Rose method. It also aims to measure inter-examiner variation in clinical findings based on the level of education and training, as compared to ultrasonography.@*Methodology@#This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital with 83 patients presenting to surgery OPD with neck swelling. Each patient was examined by one trained Junior Resident and a Surgery Consultant with all the four methods and with ultrasonography. Data was analysed by Stata-14, agreement between the two categorical variables was assessed by Kappa. In case of continuous variable agreement was assessed by Intra class correlation and Bland-Altman plot.@*Results@#Modified Rose method by the consultant has the highest sensitivity (98%) and diagnostic odds (210) as compared to others but its specificity ranges from 46.7-91.1% to diagnose retro-sternal extension of a goiter. It has 93.98% agreement for identification of nodules. It has a high specificity (Consultant - 100%, Resident - 95.5%) with relatively lower sensitivity (Consultant - 94%, Resident - 86.8%) to diagnose solitary thyroid nodule (STN) but the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing a multinodular goitre (MNG) was high. However, the highest sensitivity to diagnose STN was highest with Crile’s method, but specificity was low. Lahey’s method was a better clinical method to palpate lymph nodes compared to the other three.@*Conclusion@#Examination in modified Rose’s position is a better method of clinical examination of thyroid especially in patients with occult substernal extension. Lahey’s method is a better method to examine cervical lymph nodes.
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ABSTRACT This paper presents a new computational tool called NH SEDIMENT AND STATISTIC which performs hydrosedimentological and statistical calculations using Visual Basic. This computational tool was developed for studies related to calculations of sediment transport in rivers. The tool includes hydrosedimentological methods for calculating suspension loads, bed loads, and total solid discharge. In addition, it provides the user with the possibility of performing statistical tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, F test and χ2 test of variance, Student's t-test, non-parametric Wilcoxon test, and statistical parameter calculations. The NH SEDIMENT AND STATISTIC automatically calculates and provides the main results for each of the methods, allowing the user to draw their own conclusions. This proposed computational tool supports hydrosedimentological studies, and is reliable and easy to use, contributing to the reduction of sediment-related problems in the areas of hydraulic engineering, geology, and soil and water conservation. Furthermore, this tool may be used in transdisciplinary scientific areas for complete planning and management of water resources.
RESUMO Este artigo apresenta uma nova ferramenta computacional chamada NH SEDIMENT AND STATISTIC, que realiza cálculos hidrossedimentológicos e estatísticos usando o Visual Basic. Essa ferramenta computacional foi desenvolvida para estudos relacionados a cálculos de transporte de sedimentos em rios. A ferramenta inclui métodos hidrossedimentológicos para calcular cargas de suspensão, cargas de leito e descarga total de sólidos. Além disso, fornece ao usuário a possibilidade de realizar testes estatísticos, como o teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov, teste F e teste de variância do χ2, teste T de Student, teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon e cálculos estatísticos de parâmetros. O NH SEDIMENT AND STATISTIC calcula e fornece automaticamente os principais resultados para cada um dos métodos, permitindo que o usuário tire suas próprias conclusões. Essa ferramenta computacional proposta suporta estudos hidrossedimentológicos e é confiável e fácil de usar, contribuindo para a redução de problemas relacionados a sedimentos nas áreas de engenharia hidráulica, geologia, conservação de solo e água. Além disso, essa ferramenta pode ser usada em áreas científicas transdisciplinares para um planejamento e gerenciamento completos dos recursos hídricos.
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The purpose of the paper was to introduce the methods for the homogeneity test of odds ratio of a special multiway table （i.e g×2×2 table） and its SAS implementation. In the FREQ procedure of SAS/STAT， five approches for the homogeneity tests of odds ratio were introduced in detail. They were "Breslow-Day test""Breslow-Day-Tarone test""Q test""I2 measurement statistic and its uncertainty limit" and "Zelen΄s exact test". In addition， the approaches for "the homogeneity tests of the relative risk and the difference of the risk rate" were also introduced. Combining two examples， the article introduced the concrete content of the homogeneity test for the odds ratio based on SAS software， explained the output results， and concluded the statistical and professional conclusions.
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This paper explores the statistical distribution characteristics of coating film thickness, so as to present a new method for determining coating endpoint based on 3σ criterion and logic regression. Firstly, the spectrum and thickness of 4 batch samples were collected. Secondly, the spectral range of normal products was obtained by 3σ criterion, with the spectral feature NI as the number of test spectrum in the above range. Then, the model based on 3σ criterion and logic regression was built according to the best condition in K-fold cross-validation and the determined threshold of qualified rate in the coating endpoint. Finally, the qualified rate of test set samples at different time points was calculated by the above model, and the above change trend and the threshold value were combined to determine the coating endpoint. The results of KS analysis showed the distribution of thickness of the qualified products followed the normal distribution(P=0.081>0.05). The accuracy of the coating endpoint determination was as high as 100% by the model based on 3σ criterion and logic regression when the determined threshold of qualified rate was 90%. Therefore, the 3σ criterion was feasible to the research of coating eligibility. This paper reveals certain random phenomena in the coating process, and the method features a high accuracy, quick analysis and a good interpretability, which provides a reference for online detection and qualify evaluation in future.
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Endpoint Determination , Logic , Research Design , TabletsABSTRACT
Introducción: La mayoría de los problemas en la investigación biomédica son de naturaleza causal. El análisis en estos estudios debe comenzar por la búsqueda de asociación entre las variables que representan la causa y el efecto y solo si la asociación es significativa, continuará el análisis de inferencia causal. Objetivo: Sistematizar las diferentes técnicas estadísticas que verifican una relación bivariada según el tipo de variable. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre el tema en las bases de datos biomédicas alojadas en la Internet. Se organizó el contenido por subtemas y se elaboró un material con una síntesis crítica de los aspectos más importantes, en el cual se plasmó además la experiencia de las autoras. Resultados: Se expone, según tipo de variables, información básica de los coeficientes, pruebas de hipótesis y gráficos empleados en cada caso, las medidas de asociación para estudiar el riesgo, los atributos que aseguran la validez de una asociación, el azar y el sesgo como los errores que pudieran cometerse en el proceso de investigación y que pueden invalidar la existencia de una asociación. También se presenta la forma de analizar la asociación en el análisis estadístico implicativo. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de los estadísticos para verificar una relación entre variables y la selección de técnicas estadísticas es esencial para llevar a cabo el proceso inicial de inferencia causal(AU)
Introduction: Most of the problems in biomedical research are of causal nature. The analysis of these studies should begin with the search for an association between the variables that represent the cause and the effect, and only if the association is significant will the causal inference analysis continue. Objective: To systematize the different statistical techniques that verify a bivariate relationship according to the type of variable. Methods: An exhaustive bibliographic review on the subject was carried out in the biomedical databases hosted in the Internet. The content was organized by sub-topics and a material with a critical synthesis of the most important aspects was elaborated, in which the experience of the authors was also expressed. Results: According to the type of variables, we have presented basic information about the coefficients, hypothesis tests, and graphs used in each case, the association measures to study risk, the features that ensure the validity of an association; chance and bias are also exposed as the mistakes that could be made in the investigation process and that could invalidate the existence of an association. The way of analyzing the association in the implicative statistical analysis is also presented. Conclusions: The knowledge of statisticians to verify a relationship between variables and the selection of statistical techniques is essential for carrying out the initial process of causal inference(AU)
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Humans , Biomedical Research , Multivariate Analysis , Statistical DatabasesABSTRACT
Background: Quality of hospital services can be seen from the bed usage. Statistical analysis of efficiency bed usage can be mesured based on inpatient medical records. To determine the efficiency requires four parameters namely bed occupancy rate (BOR), average length of stay (ALoS), turnover interval (TI), and bed turnover (BTR). parameters can be presented using Graphic Barber Johnson. This study aims to determine the efficiency of bed usage at Semen Padang Hospital in 2017.Methods: This research was conducted at Semen Padang Hospital, West Sumatera, Indonesia from January to December 2017. The study used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data was collected from medical records department. The population is all abstraction data of in-patient medical record in 2017, 9796 medical record used total sampling technique. Data analysis was performed by calculating the values of ALoS, BOR, BTR, and TI. Data will be presented based on graphic Barber Johnson. Excel 2010 and graphic Barber Johnson method were applied for data analysis.Results: Number of daily inpatient censuses in 2017 are 31227 and number of service days are 31362. Number of beds 144. Statistical analysis results obtained total BOR 60%, BTR 67 times, TI 2 days and ALoS 3 days. The highest value of bed occupancy rate is 66% on August.Conclusions: Based on statistical, value of bed occupancy rate (60%) and turnover interval (2 days) are efficient at Semen Padang Hospital in 2017. Average length of stay (3 days) and bed turnover rate (67 times) are not effici
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Objective@#To reveal intuitively the micro and macro structure of school health research in China, in order to lay a solid foundation for further study.@*Methods@#Statistical analyses the current status of 864 high-level journal papers in the field of school health in China by EXCEL and SATI software, author cooperation and organization cooperation, research hotspots and frontier trend knowledge maps were drawn by Citespace.@*Results@#The research in the field of school health in China shows a wavy growth trend, the contribution of Chinese Journal of School Health is the biggest(757). Ma Jun, Tao Fangbiao, Wang Zhiyong, Liu Wei, Duan Jiali, Xu Yong are high-yield authors, Peking University, Anhui Medical University, Dalian City and Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention are high-yield institutions. Author cooperation and institutional cooperation are relatively loose, and Duan Jiali et al. and Peking University institute of child and adolescent health, respectively, form the largest cooperation community. Status, supervision, rural area, management, surveillance, health education, epidemiology, nutrition, environmental health, infectious diseases, common diseases, and influencing factors, etc. are hot topics in the field.@*Conclusion@#Cross-boundary exchanges and cooperation should be strengthened to promote regional coordinated development. Health risk behaviors of children and adolescents, environmental health surveillance and epidemiology of infectious diseases of primary and secondary schools, the school health personnel present situation investigation, children nutrition health and common diseases prevention and control, rural school health supervision and health education countermeasures, and school health management model were the hot topics, prevention of child injury, Internet addiction, and physical and mental health promotion were the leading directions. The commnunication and cooperation between different fields should be strengthened to improve the reginal development.
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PURPOSE: In clinical studies, patients may experience several types of events during follow up under the competing risks (CR) framework. Patients are often classified into low- and high-risk groups based on prognostic factors. We propose a method to determine an optimal cutpoint value for prognostic factors on censored outcomes in the presence of CR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We applied our method to data collected in a study of lung cancer patients. From September 1, 1991 to December 31, 2005, 758 lung cancer patients received tumor removal surgery at Samsung Medical Center in Korea. The proposed statistic converges in distribution to that of the supremum of a standardized Brownian bridge. To overcome the conservativeness of the test based on an approximation of the asymptotic distribution, we also propose a permutation test based on permuted samples. RESULTS: Most cases considered in our simulation studies showed that the permutation-based test satisfied a significance level of 0.05, while the approximation-based test was very conservative: the powers of the former were larger than those of the latter. The optimal cutpoint value for tumor size (unit: cm) prior to surgery for classifying patients into two groups (low and high risks for relapse) was found to be 1.8, with decent significance reflected as p values less than 0.001. CONCLUSION: The cutpoint estimator based on the maximally selected linear rank statistic was reasonable in terms of bias and standard deviation in the CR framework. The permutation-based test well satisfied type I error probability and provided higher power than the approximation-based test.
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Humans , Bias , Follow-Up Studies , Korea , Lung Neoplasms , Lung , MethodsABSTRACT
To investigate the space-time patterns of schistosomiasis after the stage of transmission controlled in Hubei Province, so as to provide the reference for precise controlling.The data of human schistosomiasis cases in Hubei Province from 2015 to 2016 and basic information of human schistosomiasis cases and serum antibody titer of human schistosomiasis cases in 2016 were collected and analyzed. The spatial clustering of human schistosomiasis was detected by the Flexible spatial scan statistics and Kulldorff circular scan statistic, respectively.Totally 64 819 serological positive cases from 51 counties and 1 504 stool hatching positive cases from 17 endemic counties were reported in Hubei Province in 2015, and 39 365 serological positive cases were reported from 48 counties in 2016. All of them were identified as the research objects. No stool hatching positive cases were reported from the routine work in the whole province in 2016. There were 1 603 cases of the highest antibody titer (1∶80 or more), with the proportion of 4.07%. According to the results of Kulldorff spatial clustering analysis, there were eight and six spatial clustering areas in the distribution of serological positive cases and stool hatching positive cases in 2015, respectively. The numbers of spatial clustering areas in the distribution of serological positive cases and the cases of the highest antibody titer (1∶80 or more) were eight and five in 2016, respectively. According to the results of Flexible spatial clustering analysis, there were three and two spatial clustering areas in the distribution of serological positive cases and stool hatching positive cases in 2015, respectively. The numbers of spatial clustering areas in the distribution of serological positive cases and the cases of highest antibody titer (1∶80 or more) were two and one in 2016, respectively.The distribution of human schistosomiasis cases is not balanced, and there is spatial clustering in Hubei Province. So the key area for prevention and control is on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the future.
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Objective To analyze the spatial and temporal distributions of bacillary dysentery in Chongqing,Yichang and Enshi (the Three Gorges Area) from 2005 to 2016,and provide evidence for the disease prevention and control.Methods The incidence data of bacillary dysentery in the Three Gorges Area during this period were collected from National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System.The spatial-temporal scan statistic was conducted with software SaTScan 9.4 and bacillary dysentery clusters were visualized with software ArcGIS 10.3.Results A total of 126 196 cases were reported in the Three Gorges Area during 2005-2016,with an average incidence rate of 29.67/100 000.The overall incidence was in a downward trend,with an average annual decline rate of 4.74％.Cases occurred all the year round but with an obvious seasonal increase between May and October.Among the reported cases,44.71％ (56 421/126 196) were children under 5-year-old,the cases in children outside child care settings accounted for 41.93％ (52 918/126 196) of the total.The incidence rates in districts of Yuzhong,Dadukou,Jiangbei,Shapingba,Jiulongpo,Nanan,Yubei,Chengkou of Chongqing and districts of Xiling and Wujiagang of Yichang city of Hubei province were high,ranging from 60.20/100 000 to 114.81/100 000.Spatial-temporal scan statistic for the spatial and temporal distributions of bacillary dysentery during this period revealed that the temporal distribution was during May-October,and there were 12 class Ⅰ clusters,35 class Ⅱ clusters,and 9 clusters without statistical significance in counties with high incidence.All the class Ⅰ clusters were in urban area of Chongqing (Yuzhong,Dadukou,Jiangbei,Shapingba,Jiulongpo,Nanan,Beibei,Yubei,Banan)and surrounding counties,and the class Ⅱ clusters transformed from concentrated distribution to scattered distribution.Conclusions Temporal and spatial cluster of bacillary dysentery incidence existed in the three gorges area during 2005-2016.It is necessary to strengthen the bacillary dysentery prevention and control in urban areas of Chongqing and Yichang.
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Objective To analyze the spatial and temporal distributions of bacillary dysentery in Chongqing,Yichang and Enshi (the Three Gorges Area) from 2005 to 2016,and provide evidence for the disease prevention and control.Methods The incidence data of bacillary dysentery in the Three Gorges Area during this period were collected from National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System.The spatial-temporal scan statistic was conducted with software SaTScan 9.4 and bacillary dysentery clusters were visualized with software ArcGIS 10.3.Results A total of 126 196 cases were reported in the Three Gorges Area during 2005-2016,with an average incidence rate of 29.67/100 000.The overall incidence was in a downward trend,with an average annual decline rate of 4.74％.Cases occurred all the year round but with an obvious seasonal increase between May and October.Among the reported cases,44.71％ (56 421/126 196) were children under 5-year-old,the cases in children outside child care settings accounted for 41.93％ (52 918/126 196) of the total.The incidence rates in districts of Yuzhong,Dadukou,Jiangbei,Shapingba,Jiulongpo,Nanan,Yubei,Chengkou of Chongqing and districts of Xiling and Wujiagang of Yichang city of Hubei province were high,ranging from 60.20/100 000 to 114.81/100 000.Spatial-temporal scan statistic for the spatial and temporal distributions of bacillary dysentery during this period revealed that the temporal distribution was during May-October,and there were 12 class Ⅰ clusters,35 class Ⅱ clusters,and 9 clusters without statistical significance in counties with high incidence.All the class Ⅰ clusters were in urban area of Chongqing (Yuzhong,Dadukou,Jiangbei,Shapingba,Jiulongpo,Nanan,Beibei,Yubei,Banan)and surrounding counties,and the class Ⅱ clusters transformed from concentrated distribution to scattered distribution.Conclusions Temporal and spatial cluster of bacillary dysentery incidence existed in the three gorges area during 2005-2016.It is necessary to strengthen the bacillary dysentery prevention and control in urban areas of Chongqing and Yichang.
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Objective:To investigate various risk factors that influence the safety of using hemodialysis equipment, and carry out risk control and reduce risk of using equipment through analyzed the statistical result of failure data of equipment.Methods:Based on all kinds of fault messages record in 2016, the failure data of 390 cases were carried out classified statistic analysis by using Microsoft Excel.Results: Through the statistic analysis of failure rate of 2016 year, there were four main factors were obtained. Aimed at the three higher percent factors that were equipment fault(85.1％), material(11.2％) and human reason(3.7％), respectively., the current management system of hemodialysis equipment was optimized and operation process was standardized from three aspects that included equipment management, material management, and the training and check for staff.Conclusion: Based on the analysis and research for the failure types of hemodialysis equipment purchased from different years, and the analysis of relevant reasons, the corresponding countermeasure of quality management is established, and the main body of responsibility is clarified, and the operative risk of hemodialysis equipment is effectively reduced.
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BACKGROUND Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected human disease. It is endemic to the Americas and is estimated to have an economic impact, including lost productivity and disability, of 7 billion dollars per year on average. OBJECTIVES To assess vulnerability to vector-borne transmission of T. cruzi in domiciliary environments within an area undergoing domiciliary vector interruption of T. cruzi in Colombia. METHODS Multi-criteria decision analysis [preference ranking method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) and geometrical analysis for interactive assistance (GAIA) methods] and spatial statistics were performed on data from a socio-environmental questionnaire and an entomological survey. In the construction of multi-criteria descriptors, decision-making processes and indicators of five determinants of the CD vector pathway were summarily defined, including: (1) house indicator (HI); (2) triatominae indicator (TI); (3) host/reservoir indicator (Ho/RoI); (4) ecotope indicator (EI); and (5) socio-cultural indicator (S-CI). FINDINGS Determination of vulnerability to CD is mostly influenced by TI, with 44.96% of the total weight in the model, while the lowest contribution was from S-CI, with 7.15%. The five indicators comprise 17 indices, and include 78 of the original 104 priority criteria and variables. The PROMETHEE and GAIA methods proved very efficient for prioritisation and quantitative categorisation of socio-environmental determinants and for better determining which criteria should be considered for interrupting the man-T. cruzi-vector relationship in endemic areas of the Americas. Through the analysis of spatial autocorrelation it is clear that there is a spatial dependence in establishing categories of vulnerability, therefore, the effect of neighbors' setting (border areas) on local values should be incorporated into disease management for establishing programs of surveillance and control of CD via vector. CONCLUSIONS The study model proposed here is flexible and can be adapted to various eco-epidemiological profiles and is suitable for focusing anti-T. cruzi serological surveillance programs in vulnerable human populations.
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Humans , Animals , Trypanosoma cruzi , Triatominae/parasitology , Chagas Disease/transmission , Spatial Analysis , Insect Vectors , Decision Support Techniques , Vulnerable PopulationsABSTRACT
@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:</strong> With an aim of developing an effective disease monitoring and surveillance of dengue fever, this study intends to analyze the spatial distribution of dengue incidences in the National Capital Region (NCR), across four years of reported dengue cases.<br /><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> Data used was provided by the Department of Health (DOH) consisting of all reported dengue cases in NCR from 2010-2013. For mapping and visualization, a shapefile of NCR was made readily available by www.philgis.org. Both Moran's I and Kulldorff's spatial scan statistics (SaTScan) were used to identify clusters across the same time period.<br /><strong>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:</strong> The analyses identified significant clustering of dengue incidence and revealed that the northern cities of NCR, such as Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas and Valenzuela, exhibited high spatial autocorrelation using local Moran's I and Kulldorff's SaTScan. A temporal analysis of the results also suggested movement in increased dengue incidence through time, from the northwest cities to the northeast cities. Presence of spatial autocorrelation in dengue incidence suggests possible enhancements of early detection schemes for dengue surveillance. Moreover, the results of these analyses will be of interest to both policymakers and health experts in providing a basis for which they can properly allocate resources for the prevention and treatment of dengue fever.</p>
Subject(s)
Dengue , Disease HotspotABSTRACT
Fundamento: En la actualidad existen deficiencias en el proceso de formación posgraduada del docente universitario. Objetivo: Proponer un modelo para el proceso de formación estadística investigativa en el posgrado. Desarrollo Se sustenta en la teoría holístico configuracional, y en consecuencia, parte de las contradicciones que se manifiestan entre los pares de categorías comprensión de variables de investigación y la interpretación cuantitativa cualitativa de la realidad investigada, así como desde aplicación de técnicas de análisis de datos y la valoración estadística descriptiva y/o inferencial, relaciones dialécticas que dinamizan en todo momento la modelación y a la vez le dan coherencia e integración, y desde las cuales se originan los movimientos y transformaciones en la sistematización del contenido estadístico investigativo. Conclusiones: El modelo además de su relevancia, tiene una estructuración coherente y lógica en el tramado de relaciones que se establecen entre sus categorías, así como fundamentos teóricos bien argumentados.
Background: At the present time there are some deficiencies in the process of formation of the postgraduate university students. Objective: To propose a model for the process of investigative statistical formation in the postgraduate. Development: It is sustained in the holistic configurationally theory , and in consequence parts of the contradictions that are manifested between the pairs of categories understanding of variables investigation and the qualitative quantitative interpretation of the investigated reality, as well as from application of analysis techniques of data and the descriptive statistical valuation and/or inferential, dialectical relationships that energize in all moment the modulation and at the same time give them coherence and integration, and from which originate the movements and transformations in the systematizing of the investigative statistical content. Conclusions: The pattern besides its relevance, has a coherent structuring and logic in the schemed of relationships that are settled down among its categories, as well as well-argued theoretical foundations.