ABSTRACT
Introduction: The sternum is one of the skeleton parts with frequent variation in appearances on images or autopsy series. Method:Present study was carried out during the year 2010 and 2011 at Department of Forensic Medicine, P. D. U. Government Medical College, Rajkot. The study was carried out to find out congenital anomalies of sternum bone recovered from the cadavers during post mortem examination. Result: Total 114 sternum bones were studied out of which 24 were having congenital anomalies either in the body of sternum or in xiphoid process. No any abnormality is found in manubrium. Sternal foramen is found in 10 cases and it is the most common form of congenital anomaly of sternum. Other anomalies are xiphoid foramen in 7 cases, fissured 4th segment in 5 cases and bifid xiphoid is found in 2 cases. Misinterpretation of autopsy findings has been a major concern to forensic pathologists. This article documents the occurrence of relatively rare congenital anomalies which may be misleading and may result in serious erroneous conclusions, particularly when evaluating skeletonised human remains. Conclusion: Presence of these anomalies and their antemortem records in the form of previous x rays make important data for the identification of skeletonised remains.
ABSTRACT
The aim of our study was to verify the prevalence of the sternal foramen in adult cadavers and dry bones, as well as to determine its exact localization and relation to acupuncture points. One hundred eighty sternums fixed and contained in 10 percent formaldehyde solution were examined, of which 100 were dry bones and 80 belonged to adult cadavers. The morphometric measures were expressed in millimeters when measuring the length: 1) from jugular incision to the foramen (JI-F); 2) from sternal angle to the foramen (EA-F); 3) from xiphoid process to the foramen (XP-F). Statistical analysis was performed to compare expected vs obtained foramina frequency, using Fisher's test (p0.05 was considered significant). The results showed 16.6 percent sternal foramina, significant higher than expected (p0.0248). Of the 30 foramina, 53.3 percent were found in cadavers, of which one was a woman, and 46.7 percent sternums were found in dry bones. Of the cadavers with sternal foramen, 10 foramina were at the 5th sternochondral articulation level and 6 foramina at the 4th sternochondral level. Of the 14 analyzed dry bones, 9 foramina were at the space between the 4th and the 5th costal pit level and 5 foramina were at the 5th costal pit level. The mean±SD (mm) total length of the sternums was 151.8+/-34 and the measures JI-F, EA-F, and XP-F were, respectively, 103.8+/-22.1mm, 65.6+/-15mm and 46.9 +/-15mm. Knowledge of this occurrence is important to avoid serious heart injury by needle insertion, especially as this area holds a commonly used acupuncture point and sternal puncture...
El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la prevalencia del foramen esternal en cadáveres adultos y huesos secos, así como, determinar su localización y su relación con los puntos de acupuntura. Fueron examinados 180 esternones fijados en solución de formol al 10 por ciento, 100 eran huesos secos y 80 pertenecían a cadáveres de individuos adultos. Las medidas morfométricas se expresaron en milímetros, efectuándose las siguientes mediciones: 1) desde la incisura yugular al foramen; 2) desde el ángulo esternal al foramen y 3) desde el proceso xifoides hasta al foramen. El análisis estadístico permitió comparar la frecuencia de los forámenes, usando el test de Fisher (p 0,05 ). Los resultados mostraron la presencia del foramen esternal en 16,6 por ciento de los casos, siendo significativamente mayor a lo esperado (p 0,0248). De los 30 forámenes, el 53,3 por ciento se encontró en cadáveres y en el 46,7 por ciento en los huesos secos. De los cadáveres con foramen esternal, 10 forámenes se encontraban a nivel de la 5 articulación esternocondral y 6 a nivel de la 4 articulación esternocondral. De los 14 forámenes de los huesos secos, 9 forámenes se encontraban entre entre el 4 y el 5 espacio intercostal y 5 se localizaban a nivel del 5 articulación. La longitud total del esternón fue 151,8 mm +/- 34 y las medidas desde la incisura yugular al foramen, desde el ángulo esternal al foramen y desde el proceso xifoides hasta al foramen fueron, 103,8 +/- 22,1 mm, 65,6 +/- 15 mm y 46,9 +/- 15 mm, respectivamente. El conocimiento de este hecho es importante para evitar la lesión cardiaca grave por la inserción de agujas, ya que esta zona tiene un punto de acupuntura de uso común en la punción esternal...
Subject(s)
Humans , Sternum/anatomy & histology , Sternum/abnormalities , Acupuncture , Cadaver , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Congenital sternal foramen is an anomaly whose occurrence is rare in human but is especially unusual in animals. This defect was formed when fusion of multiple ossification centers was incomplete. It may be associated with other lesions in body organs especially cardiac anomalies. In the present study, we report a very rare case of congenital sternal foramen in a Holstein calf. The oval defect was like a gunshot wound and located at the lower third of the sternum. Apparently, the rest of skeleton system seems normal. The awareness of the anomaly is important for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Bone Diseases , Pathology , Cattle Diseases , Pathology , Congenital Abnormalities , Pathology , Sternum , PathologyABSTRACT
Congenital sternal foramen is an anomaly whose occurrence is rare in human but is especially unusual in animals. This defect was formed when fusion of multiple ossification centers was incomplete. It may be associated with other lesions in body organs especially cardiac anomalies. In the present study, we report a very rare case of congenital sternal foramen in a Holstein calf. The oval defect was like a gunshot wound and located at the lower third of the sternum. Apparently, the rest of skeleton system seems normal. The awareness of the anomaly is important for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
ABSTRACT
A 43-year-old male patient visited our hospital because of intermittent chest pain and exertional dyspnea. This patient was diagnosed as suffering with pulmonary stenosis that was caused by muscle hypertrophy of the subpulmonic area, and the diagnosis was made by performing echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. A sternal foramen of the chest wall was found on the operation field. We report here on this case and we also review the relevant literature.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Cardiac Catheterization , Cardiac Catheters , Chest Pain , Dyspnea , Echocardiography , Hypertrophy , Muscles , Pulmonary Valve Stenosis , Stress, Psychological , Thoracic WallABSTRACT
Aim : Since it was reported that acupuncture at Danchu (CV17) was critical when the needle penetrated through the congenital sternal foramen, we decided to study the incidence of the congenital sternal foramen, as well as the distance between the body surface and the back side of the sternum at Danchu, in order to know the safe depth of acupuncture penetration.<BR>Method : 1) We selected 51 cadavers to examine the incidence of congenital sternal foramen and, if any, to study its structure. We also selected 21 cadavers to measure the cadaveric thickness of the sternum. 2) We selected 31 people to measure the incidence of the congenital sternal foramen and the distancebetween the body surface and the back side of the sternum at the point of Danchu.<BR>Results : 1) We found one out of 51 cadavers which had congenital sternal foramen. The location of the foramen was at the height of the fourth intercostal space. It was round-shaped, 9mm in diameter, and filled with hard connective tissue. The thickness of the sternum ranged from 9 to 15mm with an average of 11.5 ± 2mm. 2) There was no one who had the congenital sternal foramen among the 32 people. The distance between the body surface and the back side of the sternum ranged from 11 to 31mm with an average of 18.8 ± 5mm.<BR>Conclusion; 1) The incidence of the congenital sternal foramen in this study was one in 51 cadavers and zero in 32 people. 2) We concluded that acupuncture at Danchu within a depth of 10mm is sufficiently, even if congenital sternal foramen exists.