Sampling plan and methodological aspects: a household healthcare survey in Piauí / Plano de amostragem e aspectos metodológicos: inquérito de saúde domiciliar no Piauí

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the methodological aspects of the Piauí home healthcare survey (ISAD-PI) and assess the relation between sampling plan, precision, and design effects, assuming that population health surveys are relevant instruments for health monitoring. METHODS ISAD-PI was a population-based cross-sectional study that analyzed the living conditions and health status of the population residing in urban areas in the municipalities of Teresina and Picos, in Piauí. Sampling was carried out by conglomerates in two stages: Primary Sampling Units and households. To calculate the sample size, we considered the stratification of the population in both cities, according to the age of the individuals. We evaluated the "non-response" rate (NRR) and estimated the proportions according to sex and age, as well as the prevalence of social determinants of health in order to assess the compliance of the sampling plan. Analyses related to the precision according to the coefficient of proportion variation of the standard error (Cv-pˆ) and the design effect (deff). Cv-pˆ less than 20% and deff less than 1.5 were considered adequate. The total NRR of households was 38.2% in Teresina and 38.3% in Picos. We carried out twenty-four proportion estimates in relation to age and sex and 48 prevalence of social and health determinants estimates, totaling 72 estimates. Among them, 71 had Cv-pˆ less than 20% and 61 had deff less than or equal to 1.5. CONCLUSION Data generated from the ISAD-PI may contribute to the assessment of health and morbidity conditions in the population. Furthermore, methodological aspects employed in this research may serve as a basis for studies carried out in other cities in Brazil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever os aspectos metodológicos do Inquérito de Saúde Domiciliar no Piauí (ISAD-PI), bem como avaliar a conformidade do plano amostral em relação à precisão e aos efeitos do desenho, dado que os inquéritos populacionais de saúde constituem instrumentos importantes para o monitoramento da situação de saúde da população. MÉTODOS O ISAD-PI foi um estudo de base populacional, transversal, que analisou as condições de vida e situação de saúde da população residente nas áreas urbanas dos municípios de Teresina e Picos, no Piauí. A amostragem foi realizada por conglomerados, em dois estágios: Unidades Primárias de Amostragem e domicílios. Para o cálculo do tamanho da amostra, considerou-se a estratificação da população de ambas as cidades, de acordo com a idade dos indivíduos, para ambos os sexos. Para avaliação da conformidade do plano amostral, foi avaliada a taxa de "não-resposta" (TNR) e, além disso, as estimativas de proporções segundo sexo e idade, bem como as prevalências de determinantes sociais de saúde, que foram analisadas em relação à precisão por meio do coeficiente de variação da proporção do erro padrão (Cv-pˆ) e do efeito do delineamento (deff). Foram considerados adequados Cv-pˆ menores que 20%, e deff menores que 1,5. A TNR-Total dos domicílios foi de 38,2% em Teresina e de 38,3% em Picos. Foram realizadas 24 estimativas de proporção em relação à idade e ao sexo e 48 estimativas de prevalência de determinantes sociais e de saúde, totalizando 72 estimativas, das quais 71 apresentaram Cv-pˆ menor que 20% e 61 apresentaram deff menor ou igual a 1,5. CONCLUSÃO Dados gerados a partir do ISAD-PI poderão contribuir para a avaliação das condições de saúde e morbidade na população. Ademais, aspectos metodológicos empregados nesta pesquisa poderão servir de base para estudos realizados em outras cidades do Brasil.

Sampling plan and methodological aspects: a household healthcare survey in Piauí / Plano de amostragem e aspectos metodológicos: inquérito de saúde domiciliar no Piauí

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the methodological aspects of the Piauí home healthcare survey (ISAD-PI) and assess the relation between sampling plan, precision, and design effects, assuming that population health surveys are relevant instruments for health monitoring. METHODS ISAD-PI was a population-based cross-sectional study that analyzed the living conditions and health status of the population residing in urban areas in the municipalities of Teresina and Picos, in Piauí. Sampling was carried out by conglomerates in two stages: Primary Sampling Units and households. To calculate the sample size, we considered the stratification of the population in both cities, according to the age of the individuals. We evaluated the "non-response" rate (NRR) and estimated the proportions according to sex and age, as well as the prevalence of social determinants of health in order to assess the compliance of the sampling plan. Analyses related to the precision according to the coefficient of proportion variation of the standard error (Cv-pˆ) and the design effect (deff). Cv-pˆ less than 20% and deff less than 1.5 were considered adequate. The total NRR of households was 38.2% in Teresina and 38.3% in Picos. We carried out twenty-four proportion estimates in relation to age and sex and 48 prevalence of social and health determinants estimates, totaling 72 estimates. Among them, 71 had Cv-pˆ less than 20% and 61 had deff less than or equal to 1.5. CONCLUSION Data generated from the ISAD-PI may contribute to the assessment of health and morbidity conditions in the population. Furthermore, methodological aspects employed in this research may serve as a basis for studies carried out in other cities in Brazil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever os aspectos metodológicos do Inquérito de Saúde Domiciliar no Piauí (ISAD-PI), bem como avaliar a conformidade do plano amostral em relação à precisão e aos efeitos do desenho, dado que os inquéritos populacionais de saúde constituem instrumentos importantes para o monitoramento da situação de saúde da população. MÉTODOS O ISAD-PI foi um estudo de base populacional, transversal, que analisou as condições de vida e situação de saúde da população residente nas áreas urbanas dos municípios de Teresina e Picos, no Piauí. A amostragem foi realizada por conglomerados, em dois estágios: Unidades Primárias de Amostragem e domicílios. Para o cálculo do tamanho da amostra, considerou-se a estratificação da população de ambas as cidades, de acordo com a idade dos indivíduos, para ambos os sexos. Para avaliação da conformidade do plano amostral, foi avaliada a taxa de "não-resposta" (TNR) e, além disso, as estimativas de proporções segundo sexo e idade, bem como as prevalências de determinantes sociais de saúde, que foram analisadas em relação à precisão por meio do coeficiente de variação da proporção do erro padrão (Cv-pˆ) e do efeito do delineamento (deff). Foram considerados adequados Cv-pˆ menores que 20%, e deff menores que 1,5. A TNR-Total dos domicílios foi de 38,2% em Teresina e de 38,3% em Picos. Foram realizadas 24 estimativas de proporção em relação à idade e ao sexo e 48 estimativas de prevalência de determinantes sociais e de saúde, totalizando 72 estimativas, das quais 71 apresentaram Cv-pˆ menor que 20% e 61 apresentaram deff menor ou igual a 1,5. CONCLUSÃO Dados gerados a partir do ISAD-PI poderão contribuir para a avaliação das condições de saúde e morbidade na população. Ademais, aspectos metodológicos empregados nesta pesquisa poderão servir de base para estudos realizados em outras cidades do Brasil.

Estratificación de riesgo de tuberculosis pulmonar en consejos populares del municipio Abreus. Cienfuegos, 2015 / Pulmonary tuberculosis risk stratification in communities of the Abreus municipality. Cienfuegos, 2015

RESUMEN Fundamento: La tuberculosis es un tema de investigación prioritario en Cuba, dada la necesidad de un fortalecimiento de la capacidad de respuesta para su eliminación como problema de salud. Objetivo: estratificar el riesgo de tuberculosis pulmonar en consejos populares del municipio Abreus. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, en los siete consejos populares del municipio Abreus, provincia Cienfuegos, durante el año 2015. La información se obtuvo de los departamentos de estadística de las áreas de salud y la Unidad Municipal de Higiene y Epidemiología. Fue utilizado el método de distribución de riesgo absoluto. El criterio para la estratificación que se tuvo en cuenta para definir los estratos de alto, mediano y bajo riesgo, fue la media de la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo según dispensarización del año 2015. Los factores de riesgo analizados fueron: población mayor de 60 años, tasa de contactos de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar, prevalencia de virus de inmunodeficiencia adquirida/sida, alcohólicos, casos sociales, fumadores, y diabéticos. Se utilizó el programa MapInfo 7.5. Resultados: la prevalencia del hábito de fumar fue elevada, con 5 consejos populares ubicados en el estrato de mediano riesgo, uno en el estrato de bajo riesgo, y otro (Cieneguitas) en el de alto riesgo. Los consejos populares Abreus, Charca, Cieneguita y Yaguaramas presentaron el mayor porcentaje de factores ubicados en el estrato de alto riesgo. Conclusión: Las características clínico epidemiológicas de los casos notificados con tuberculosis pulmonar en el decenio 2006-2015, en Abreus, muestran evidencias del riesgo potencial de infección tuberculosa en la comunidad.

ABSTRACT Foundation: Tuberculosis is a priority research topic in Cuba, given the need to strengthen the response capacity for its elimination as a health problem. Objective: to stratify the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in communities of the Abreus municipality. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out in the seven communities of the Abreus municipality, Cienfuegos province, during 2015. The information was obtained from the statistical departments of the health areas and the Municipal Hygiene and Epidemiology Unit. The absolute risk distribution method was used. The criterion for the stratification taken into account to define the high, medium and low risk strata was the average prevalence of risk factors according to the identified patients in 2015. The risk analyzed factors were: population over 60 years, contact rate of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, alcoholics, social hardship cases, smokers, and diabetics. The MapInfo 7.5 program was used. Results: the prevalence of smoking was high, with 5 communities located in the medium riskstratum, one in the low risk stratum, and another (Cieneguitas) in the high risk stratum. Communities of Abreus, Charca, Cieneguita and Yaguaramas presented the highest percentage of factors located in the high risk stratum. Conclusion: Clinical epidemiological characteristics of the cases reported with pulmonary tuberculosis in the decade 2006-2015, in Abreus, show evidence of the potential risk of tuberculosis infection in the community.

Muestreo para el levantamiento de datos acerca de la enseñanza de física experimental en Guayaquil / Sampling for data collection about the teaching of experimental physics in Guayaquil / Amostragem para a pesquisa de dados sobre o ensino da física experimental em Guayaquil

Resumen Introducción: Este trabajo es parte del desarrollo de un proyecto que tiene como objetivo caracterizar el estado de la enseñanza de la Física Experimental en las instituciones educativas de nivel medio de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Objetivo: Determinar una muestra para el levantamiento de datos por medio de una encuesta acerca de la Física Experimental en Guayaquil. Materiales y métodos: Se delimitó la población de estudio y se realizó un muestreo aleatorio combinado con un muestreo estratificado. Resultados: Se debe observar 192 instituciones educativas de nivel bachillerato como muestra representativa de las 384 que conforman la población. Con esta información se calculó la proporción de instituciones por cada distrito. Conclusión: Esta no es la única vía para calcular el tamaño de la muestra, sin embargo, es necesario informar los procedimientos utilizados en este proceso, lo que permite al lector emitir su propio juicio sobre si aceptan las suposiciones del grupo de investigación y procedimientos.

Abstract Introduction: This work is part of the development of a project that aims to characterize the state of the teaching of Experimental Physics in educational institutions of the middle level of the city of Guayaquil. Objective: Determine a sample for data collection by means of a survey about Experimental Physics in Guayaquil. Materials and methods: The study population was delimited and a random sampling combined with a stratified sampling was carried out. Results: It should be noted 192 educational institutions of high school level as a representative sample of the 384 that make up the population. With this information, the proportion of institutions for each district was calculated. Conclusion: This is not the only way to calculate the size of the sample, however, it is necessary to inform the procedures used in this process, which allows the reader to make their own judgment about whether they accept the assumptions of the research group and procedures.

Resumo Introdução: Este trabalho é parte do desenvolvimento de um projeto que visa caracterizar o estado do ensino da Física Experimental em instituições de ensino do nível médio da cidade de Guayaquil. Objetivo: Determinar uma amostra para coleta de dados por meio de uma pesquisa sobre a Física Experimental em Guayaquil. Materiais e métodos: A população do estudo foi delimitada e uma amostragem aleatória combinada com uma amostragem estratificada foi realizada. Resultados: Deve-se notar 192 instituições educacionais do ensino médio como uma amostra representativa dos 384 que compõem a população. Com essa informação, a proporção de instituições para cada distrito foi calculada. Conclusão: Esta não é a única maneira de calcular o tamanho da amostra, no entanto, relatam os procedimentos utilizados neste processo, permitindo que o leitor a emitir seu próprio julgamento sobre se a aceitar o grupo de pesquisa pressupostos e procedimentos.

Sampling plan in health surveys, city of São Paulo, Brazil, 2015 / Plano de amostragem em inquéritos de saúde, município de São Paulo, 2015

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sampling plan of the Health Survey of the City of São Paulo (ISA-Capital 2015) regarding the accuracy of estimates and the conformation of domains of study by the Health Coordinations of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS We have described the population, domains of study, and sampling procedures, including stratification, calculation of sample size, and random selection of sample units, of the Health Survey of the City of São Paulo, 2015. The estimates of proportions were analyzed in relation to precision using the coefficient of variation and the design effect. We considered suitable the coefficients below 30% at the regional level and 20% at the city level and the estimates of the design effect below 1.5. We considered suitable the strategy of establishing the Health Coordinations as domains after verifying that, within the coordinations, the estimates of proportions for the age and sex groups had the minimum acceptable precision. The estimated parameters were related to the subjects of use of services, morbidity, and self-assessment of health. RESULTS A total of 150 census tracts were randomly selected, 30 in each Health Coordination, 5,469 households were randomly selected and visited, and 4,043 interviews were conducted. Of the 115 estimates made for the domains of study, 97.4% presented coefficients of variation below 30%, and 82.6% were below 20%. Of the 24 estimates made for the total of the city, 23 presented coefficient of variation below 20%. More than two-thirds of the estimates of the design effect were below 1.5, which was estimated in the sample size calculation, and the design effect was below 2.0 for 88%. CONCLUSIONS The ISA-Capital 2015 sample generated estimates at the predicted levels of precision at both the city and regional levels. The decision to establish the regional health coordinations of the city of São Paulo as domains of study was adequate.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar o plano de amostragem do Inquérito de Saúde do Município de São Paulo (ISA-Capital 2015) em relação à precisão das estimativas e à conformação de domínios de estudo pelas coordenadorias de saúde do município de São Paulo. MÉTODOS Descrição de população e domínios de estudo, procedimentos de amostragem, incluindo estratificação, cálculo do tamanho da amostra e sorteio de unidades amostrais do Inquérito de Saúde do Município de São Paulo, 2015. As estimativas de proporções foram analisadas em relação à precisão, por meio do coeficiente de variação e do efeito do delineamento. Foram considerados adequados coeficientes menores do que 30% no nível regional e 20% no municipal, e efeitos do delineamento menores do que 1,5. Para considerar adequada a estratégia de estabelecimento das Coordenadorias de Saúde como domínios, foi verificado que, dentro das coordenadorias, as estimativas de proporções para grupos de idade e sexo tinham a precisão mínima aceitável. Os parâmetros estimados referiram-se aos temas: uso de serviços, morbidade e autoavaliação em saúde. RESULTADOS Foram sorteados 150 setores censitários, 30 em cada Coordenadoria de Saúde, sorteados e visitados 5.469 domicílios ocupados, e realizadas 4.043 entrevistas. Das 115 estimativas feitas para os domínios de estudo, 97,4% apresentaram coeficientes de variação menores do que 30% e 82,6% menores do que 20%. Das 24 estimativas feitas para o total do município, 23 apresentaram coeficiente de variação menor do que 20%. Mais de dois terços das estimativas do efeito do delineamento foram inferiores a 1,5, valor previsto no cálculo do tamanho da amostra, e o efeito do delineamento foi menor do que dois para 88%. CONCLUSÕES A amostra do ISA-Capital 2015 gerou estimativas situadas nos patamares previstos de precisão, tanto as de nível municipal como regional. Foi acertada a decisão de estabelecer as coordenadorias regionais de saúde do município de São Paulo como domínios de estudo.

Comparison study on sampling methods of Oncomelania hupensis snail sur-vey in marshland schistosomiasis epidemic areas in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To optimize and simplify the survey method of Oncomelania hupensis snail in marshland endemic re?gion of schistosomiasis and increase the precision,efficiency and economy of the snail survey. Methods A quadrate experimen?tal field was selected as the subject of 50 m×50 m size in Chayegang marshland near Henghu farm in the Poyang Lake region and a whole?covered method was adopted to survey the snails. The simple random sampling,systematic sampling and stratified ran?dom sampling methods were applied to calculate the minimum sample size,relative sampling error and absolute sampling error. Results The minimum sample sizes of the simple random sampling,systematic sampling and stratified random sampling meth?ods were 300,300 and 225,respectively. The relative sampling errors of three methods were all less than 15%. The absolute sampling errors were 0.221 7,0.302 4 and 0.047 8,respectively. Conclusion The spatial stratified sampling with altitude as the stratum variable is an efficient approach of lower cost and higher precision for the snail survey.

Study on estimating reserves of wild Seutellaria baicalensis in Inner Mongolia region based on 3S technology / 中草药

Objective: To establish the reserve estimation model, which can estimate the reserves of the wild Scutellaria baicalensis in Inner Mongolia region. Methods: Combined 3S technology with the traditional field survey methods, four habitat factors (vegetation type, altitude, rainfall, and temperature) have been selected as indicators for categorizing the habitat region of Inner Mongolia. According to the habitat suitability of wild S. baicalensis in Inner Mongolia region, stratified for each indicator, all indicators are divided into the most suitable, suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable four layers. Each layer in a simple random sampling method conducted field surveys. Results: Finally, the method and model to estimate the reserves in Inner Mongolia have been established. This model has been used to estimate the reserve of wild S. baicalensis in Inner Mongolia. The total number of wild S. baicalensis in Inner Mongolia is 19000 tons. Conclusion: It can provide an important parameter for the fourth national survey of Chinese materia medica (CMM) resources and the estimation of CMM resources based on 3S technology by multiple spatial scales model.

Estratificación de riesgo de tuberculosis pulmonar en consejos populares del municipio Cienfuegos / Stratification of Risk of Tuberculosis in People’s Councils of Cienfuegos Municipality

Fundamento: el proceso de estratificación epidemiológica sirve de base para categorizar metodológicamente y de manera integral los grupos poblacionales de acuerdo a factores de riesgo. Objetivo: realizar la estratificación de riesgo de la tuberculosis pulmonar en consejos populares del municipio de Cienfuegos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 18 consejos populares, desde 2007 hasta 2011. La información se obtuvo de los departamentos de estadística de las áreas de salud y la Unidad Municipal de Higiene y Epidemiología. Para estratificar los riesgos se tuvieron en cuenta los criterios de la comisión provincial de tuberculosis, la incidencia de la enfermedad en los últimos cinco años en la provincia y la media de la prevalencia de factores de riesgo según dispensarización del año 2011. Mediante programa MapInfo 7.5, los consejos populares se clasificaron en alto, mediano y bajo riesgo según los valores de la mediana de la incidencia de casos y la media de contactos de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar, prevalencia de virus de inmunodeficiencia adquirida/sida, población ex reclusa, alcohólicos, casos sociales, población mayor de 60 años y prevalencia de diabetes mellitus. Resultados: se identificaron tres consejos populares de alto riesgo, 13 de mediano riesgo y dos de bajo riesgo. Los consejos populares clasificados de alto riesgo fueron: Centro Histórico, Punta Gorda y San Lázaro, que representaron el 16,7 %. Conclusiones: se observó una dispersión espacial del riesgo de tuberculosis pulmonar en el municipio de Cienfuegos, lo que representa un incremento de la probabilidad de ocurrencia de la enfermedad.

Background: the process of epidemiologic stratification is used as a base to categorize methodologically and in integral manner groups of population according to risk factors. Objective: accomplishing the stratification of risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in People’s Councils of Cienfuegos municipality. Methods: a descriptive study in 18 People’s Councils, from 2007 to 2011 was conducted. The information got from the departments of statistics of the areas of health and Municipal Hygiene and Epidemiology units. To stratify the risks the criteria of the provincial commission of tuberculosis, the incidence of the disease in the last five years in the province and the measure of the prevalence of risk factors according to dispensarization of the year 2011 were taken into account. By means of program MapInfo 7, 5, the People’s Councils were classified as high, medium and low risk according to the moral values of the median of the incidence of cases and the average of contacts of patients white pulmonary tuberculosis, virus’s prevalence of acquired been immunodeficiency, former imprisoned population, alcoholics, social cases, bigger population of 60 years and prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Results: three People’s Councils were identified as high risk, 13 of medium risk and two of them as low risk. The People’s Councils classified as high risk were: Historic Center, Punta Gorda and San Lázaro that represented the 16.7 %. Conclusion: a space dispersion of risk of pulmonary tuberculosis at Cienfuegos Municipality was observed that represents an increment of the probability of the disease.

Desenho da amostra Nascer no Brasil: Pesquisa Nacional sobre Parto e Nascimento / Diseño de la muestra Nacer en Brasil: Encuesta Nacional sobre Partos y Nascimientos en Brasil / Sampling design for the Birth in Brazil: National Survey into Labor and Birth

Este artigo descreve a amostra da Pesquisa Nacional sobre Parto e Nascimento no Brasil. Os hospitais com 500 ou mais nascidos vivos em 2007 foram estratificados por macrorregião, capital de estado ou não, e tipo, e selecionados com probabilidade proporcional ao número de nascidos-vivos em 2007. Amostragem inversa foi usada para selecionar tantos dias de pesquisa (mínimo de 7) quantos fossem necessários para alcançar 90 entrevistas realizadas com puérperas no hospital. As puérperas foram amostradas com igual probabilidade entre as elegíveis que entraram no hospital no dia. Os pesos amostrais básicos são o inverso do produto das probabilidades de inclusão em cada estágio e foram calibrados para assegurar que estimativas dos totais de nascidos vivos dos estratos correspondessem aos totais de nascidos vivos obtidos no SINASC. Para os dois seguimentos telefônicos (6 e 12 meses depois), a probabilidade de resposta das puérperas foi modelada pelas variáveis disponíveis na pesquisa de base, a fim de corrigir, para a não resposta, os pesos amostrais em cada onda de seguimento.

Este artículo describe la muestra de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Partos y Nacimientos en Brasil. Los hospitales con 500 o más nacimientos en 2007 fueron estratificados por región, capital del estado o no, y tipo, y se seleccionan con probabilidad proporcional al número de nacidos vivos en 2007. Se utilizó un muestreo inverso para seleccionar los días de encuesta (mínimo 7), con el fin de lograr 90 entrevistas en el hospital. Se realizó el muestreo de las mujeres posparto, con igual probabilidad entre las mujeres elegibles que entraron en el hospital cada día. Los pesos iniciales son el inverso del producto de las probabilidades de inclusión en cada etapa y se calibraron para asegurar que las estimaciones del total de nacidos vivos correspondieran al total de nacidos vivos, obtenidos a partir de SINASC. Para los dos seguimientos telefónicos (6 y 12 meses después), la probabilidad de respuesta de las mujeres posparto fue modelada a partir de variables disponibles en la investigación básica, a fin de corregir, debido a la no-respuesta, los pesos de la muestra de cada ola de seguimiento.

This paper describes the sample design for the National Survey into Labor and Birth in Brazil. The hospitals with 500 or more live births in 2007 were stratified into: the five Brazilian regions; state capital or not; and type of governance. They were then selected with probability proportional to the number of live births in 2007. An inverse sampling method was used to select as many days (minimum of 7) as necessary to reach 90 interviews in the hospital. Postnatal women were sampled with equal probability from the set of eligible women, who had entered the hospital in the sampled days. Initial sample weights were computed as the reciprocals of the sample inclusion probabilities and were calibrated to ensure that total estimates of the number of live births from the survey matched the known figures obtained from the Brazilian System of Information on Live Births. For the two telephone follow-up waves (6 and 12 months later), the postnatal woman’s response probability was modelled using baseline covariate information in order to adjust the sample weights for nonresponse in each follow-up wave.

A guide for the utilization of Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service National Patient Samples / 한국역학회지

The claims data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) is an important source of information for healthcare service research. The claims data of HIRA is collected when healthcare service providers submit a claim to HIRA to be reimbursed for a service that they provided to patients. To improve the accessibility of healthcare service researchers to claims data of HIRA, HIRA has developed the Patient Samples which are extracted using a stratified randomized sampling method. The Patient Samples of HIRA consist of five tables: a table for general information (Table 20) containing socio-demographic information such as gender, age and medical aid, indicators for inpatient and outpatient services; a table for specific information on healthcare services provided (Table 30); a table for diagnostic information (Table 40); a table for outpatient prescriptions (Table 53) and a table for information on healthcare service providers (Table of providers). Researchers who are interested in using the Patient Sample data for research can apply via HIRA's website (https://www.hira.or.kr).

Inappropriate Survey Design Analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey May Produce Biased Results / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The inherent nature of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) design requires special analysis by incorporating sample weights, stratification, and clustering not used in ordinary statistical procedures. METHODS: This study investigated the proportion of research papers that have used an appropriate statistical methodology out of the research papers analyzing the KNHANES cited in the PubMed online system from 2007 to 2012. We also compared differences in mean and regression estimates between the ordinary statistical data analyses without sampling weight and design-based data analyses using the KNHANES 2008 to 2010. RESULTS: Of the 247 research articles cited in PubMed, only 19.8% of all articles used survey design analysis, compared with 80.2% of articles that used ordinary statistical analysis, treating KNHANES data as if it were collected using a simple random sampling method. Means and standard errors differed between the ordinary statistical data analyses and design-based analyses, and the standard errors in the design-based analyses tended to be larger than those in the ordinary statistical data analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Ignoring complex survey design can result in biased estimates and overstated significance levels. Sample weights, stratification, and clustering of the design must be incorporated into analyses to ensure the development of appropriate estimates and standard errors of these estimates.

Health-related quality of life predictors during medical residency in a random, stratified sample of residents / Preditores de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde durante a residência médica em uma amostra randomizada e estratificada de médicos residentes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of life during the first three years of training and identify its association with sociodemographicoccupational characteristics, leisure time and health habits. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with a random sample of 128 residents stratified by year of training was conducted. The Medical Outcome Study -short form 36 was administered. Mann-Whitney tests were carried out to compare percentile distributions of the eight quality of life domains, according to sociodemographic variables, and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed, followed by a validity checking for the resulting models. RESULTS: The physical component presented higher quality of life medians than the mental component. Comparisons between the three years showed that in almost all domains the quality of life scores of the second year residents were higher than the first year residents (p < 0.01). The mental component scores remained high for third year residents (p < 0.01). Predictors of higher quality of life were: second or third year of residency, satisfaction with the training program, sufficient time for leisure, and care of critical patients for less than 30 hours per week. CONCLUSION: The mental component of quality of life was the most impaired component, indicating the importance of caring for residents' mental health, especially during their first year and when they are overloaded with critical patients.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida do médico residente durante os três anos do treinamento e identificar sua associação com as características sociodemográficas-ocupacionais, tempo de lazer e hábitos de saúde. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com amostra randomizada de 128 residentes, estratificada por ano de residência. O Medical Outcome Study-Short Form 36 foi aplicado; as distribuições percentis dos domínios de qualidade de vida de acordo com variáveis sociodemográficas foram analisadas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney e regressão linear múltipla, bem como estudo de validação pós-regressão. RESULTADOS: O componente físico da qualidade de vida apresentou medianas mais altas do que o mental. Comparações entre os três anos mostraram que quase todos os domínios de qualidade de vida tiveram escores maiores no segundo do que no primeiro ano (p < 0,01); em relação ao componente mental observamos maiores escores no terceiro ano do que nos demais (p < 0,01). Preditores de maior qualidade de vida foram: estar no segundo ou terceiro ano, satisfeito com o treinamento, ter tempo suficiente para lazer e atender paciente critico por menos do que 30 horas semanais. CONCLUSÃO: O componente mental da qualidade de vida foi o mais prejudicado, indicando a importância do cuidado da saúde mental, especialmente durante o primeiro ano do treinamento, e quando eles estão sobrecarregados por pacientes críticos.

Un diseño de muestreo complejo en el anßlisis de la calidad de vida de la población adulta. Medellín, 2005 / A complex design sampling in the analysis of the quality of life among the MedellínÆs adult population. 2005

Introducción: La calidad de vida es un concepto que ha evolucionado a través del tiempo, pues pasa del bienestar al nivel de vida, según las condiciones sociales y culturales de la época; su definición es imprecisa y adopta distintos significados según la percepción, contexto y escala de valores, por ello toma elementos de diversas disciplinas para su conceptualización y puede medirse de forma general o a través de sus componentes sociales, económicos, personales, de salud y seguridad social. Objetivo: Describir la percepción sobre diferentes aspectos de la calidad de vida de los hombres y las mujeres de 20 a 64 a±os, residentes en Medellín en 2005, mediante un dise±o de muestreo complejo, con el fin de aportar al estado del arte del constructo. Materiales y métodos: Se dise±ó un estudio poblacional descriptivo transversal, con fuente de información primaria constituida por dos muestras: 659 hombres y 683 mujeres, que representaron a 523,705 y 651,704, respectivamente, según factores de expansión poblacional; seleccionados con muestreo complejo probabilístico, estratificado por estrato socioeconómico, por conglomerados de manzanas, y polietßpico. Se tomaron cinco personas por manzana y una sola por vivienda, se les aplicó una encuesta dise±ada por los investigadores tomando como referencia escalas genéricas y la aplicaron encuestadores contratados por la Universidad de Antioquia.

Introduction: Quality of life is a concept that has evolved through time, happening of the well-being to the standard of life, in accordance with the social and cultural conditions of the time; its different definition is vague and adopts several meanings following the perception, context and scale of values, for this reason it takes elements from different disciplines for its conceptualization and can be moderate of general form or through their social, economic, personal components, of health and social security. Objective: To describe the perception on different aspects of life quality among men and women from 20 to 64 y.o., resident in Medellín in 2005, with a design of complex sampling, and the purpose of contributing to the state of the art. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive population study was designed, with primary source of information constituted by two samples: 659 men and 683 women, who represented 523,705 and 651,704, respectively, according to factors of population expansion; selected with probabilistic complex sampling, stratified by socioeconomic level, cluster sampling. Five people by cluster and only one person by house were considered, to them a survey designed by the investigators was applied, taking as reference generic scales and applied by inquirer personnel hired by Universidad de Antioquia. Results: Adult population valued over 75% personal, social perception, state of health and house conditions; the economic situation reached 39% and the attention in health 64%, the best one described by both sexes was the personal life with 80% and the present quality of life with 77% obtaining a higher valuation among men.

Investigation on Sampling Survey Method in Prescription Evaluation / 中国药房

0.05). Minimum total probability are used to predict minimum sample volume which is close to overall level. Above method can be used as basic method for sample survey in regular prescription evaluation.