ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011 at College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of two pre-emergence herbicides integrated with post emergence herbicides and one hand weeding at 40DAT and two post emergence herbicide, hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 days after transplanting, compared with weed free and unweeded check. The predominant weed flora observed in the experimental field were Echinochloa crusgalli, Panicum repens, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus difformis, Eclipta alba and Ammania baccifera. The results revealed that pre-emergence application of Bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + Pretilachlor 6% @ 10 kg granules ha- 1+ Hand weeding at 40 DAT (5455 kg ha-1 and 6345 kg ha-1) and Bensulfuron-methyl 0.6% + Pretilachlor 6% @ 10 kg granules ha-1 + Bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i ha-1 recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield (5365 and 6265kg ha-1, respectively) which remained at par with two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAT (5580 and 6464 kg ha- 1). In terms of economics, highest net returns (Rs. 33,189 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.40) were also high with the preemergence application of Bensulfuron-methyl 0.6%+ Pretilachlor 6% @ 10 kg granules ha-1+ Bispyribac sodium @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 at 20DAT (1.40) compared to that of two hand weedingds (Rs. 31,952 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.17) .
ABSTRACT
In order to evaluate the effects of green manures and various nitrogen fertilizer levels on some traits of wheat, a field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran, during the 2010-2011 growing season. The experimental design was split-plot, N levels (i.e. 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha- 1) as main plots, and green manures (i.e. millet; GMMi, sesbania; GMS, amaranth; GMA, cowpea; GMC, mung bean; GMMb and control; NO-GM) as sub-plots with three replications. In this study some of the traits such as plant height, number of tillers in per plant and straw yield were investigated. According to the results, the main effect of N levels, green manures and interaction of treatment (N × GM) were significant effects on all traits. The highest plant height (95.67 cm), number of tillers in per plant (5.57) and straw yield (9.01 ton h-1) were obtained by using of 100, 100 and 150 kg N h-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest plant height (92.01 cm), number of tillers in per plant (5.03) and straw yield (8.88 ton h-1) were obtained as affected by GMMb, GMC and NO-GM (without green manure application), respectively. In this perspective, application of 100 to 150 Kg N h-1 and use of convenient legume crops as green manure especially GMMb and GMC can be useful to increase the studied wheat traits.
ABSTRACT
A pot experiment was conducted at six graded levels of copper (Cu) viz., 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg kg-1 to test the response of wheat plants grown in a copper-responsive alluvial soil (entisol) under glass house conditions. The growth attributes like plant height, fresh and dry matter yield, percent dry matter enhanced with increasing Cu levels and was maximum at 1.5 mg kg-1 Cu while the number of tillers was minimum at this level. The grain yield at 1.5 mg kg-1 Cu was enhanced by 62.9% from the control. The increase in weight of 1000 grains ranged from 33.93 to 41.35 g in comparison to control (32.58 g). Harvest index (%) also increased and ranged from 39.42 to 47.73 in different treatments in comparison to control (35.92). Both 1000 grain weight and harvest index were maximum in the plants at 1.5 mg kg-1 copper. Cu concentrations in leaves, grain and straw enhanced with increasing levels of Cu application. The Fe concentration in leaves was significantly reduced by Cu application and the reduction was 10.3% at 2.5 mg kg-1 Cu and was not influenced in by Cu application in grain and straw. The Mn concentration was not affected by Cu application in any of the plant part studied. However, Zn concentration decreased significantly at higher levels of Cu (2.0 and 2.5 mg kg-1) in leaves and remained unaffected in the grain and straw.