Paying attention to the epidemic of group A Streptococcus infections in multiple European and American countries / 中国当代儿科杂志

At the end of 2022, the World Health Organization reported an increase in group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections, such as scarlet fever, in multiple countries. The outbreak primarily affected children under 10 years old, and the number of deaths was higher than anticipated, causing international concern. This paper reviews the current state of the GAS disease outbreak, its causes, and response measures. The authors aim to draw attention from clinical workers in China and increase their awareness and vigilance regarding this epidemic. Healthcare workers should be aware of the potential epidemiological changes in infectious diseases that may arise after the optimization of control measures for coronavirus disease 2019 to ensure children's health.

The clinical manifestations of children with endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with isolated C3 deposition / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the patients' clinical characteristics and prognosis when only C3 deposition exists in endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis and try to understand deeply the role of C3 in kidney damage deeply. Methods The patients who were diagnosed with endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis but only had C3 deposited in immunofluorescence(to avoid false positive,C3≥2 ﹢ was included)were selected from Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University during November 2010 to October 2014. Their clinical manifestations,la-boratory examinations,treatments,prognosis,and pathological changes were analyzed,and literature review was performed. Their clinical characteristics and prognosis were summarized. Results There were 11 patients diagnosed with endocapil-lary proliferative glomerulonephritis which had only C3 deposition(≥2 ﹢ ). Nine of them had onset with acute nephritis syndrome(81. 8% ),and 2 cases presented recurrent paroxysmal gross hematuria(18. 2% ). Seven cases were diagnosed with acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis(63. 6% ). Eleven cases' clinical manifestations were relatively severe, and the complement C3 was significantly lower than the normal(100. 0% ). Their light microscope showed capillary proli-ferative glomerulonephritis,and the electron microscope showed the immune complexes were deposited in the endothelium,the epithelium or the mesangial area. The patients received corresponding treatment respectively,and all the patients had good prognosis during following up of 7 months up to 39 months. Conclusions Streptococcus infection is a common cause in endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with only C3 deposition. The clinical manifestations of some children are similar to post streptococcal glomerulonephritis but relatively severe. Only deposition of C3 without IgG may be involved in another complement activation mechanism.