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Abstract Although the commensal Streptococcus sanguinis [ S. sanguinis] is isolated from caries-free people, it can ferment carbohydrates producing acids. We aimed to characterize S. sanguinis cariogenic potential as a function of different enamel biofilm formation periods, in vitro. Saliva-coated enamel slabs were inoculated with S. sanguinis to form initial biofilms for 8, 12 or 16 h in presence of sucrose and followed by a period in medium with glucose for 16, 12 or 8 h, respectively, until completion of 24 h. To simulate cariogenic challenges, S. sanguinis biofilms were exposed to 10% sucrose for 5 minutes, 3x/day for 5 days. Biofilm biomass, viable cells, total proteins, intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides production, acidogenicity and enamel demineralization were determined. Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans [ S. mutans ] served as caries-positive control. Biofilms of S. sanguinis forming on enamel for 12 and 16 h showed higher demineralization than those formed during 8 h, but lower than S. mutans biofilms, regardless of the initial biofilm formation time. No differences were detected in the biofilm properties among the different biofilm formation times tested for S. sanguinis . Increased enamel initial biofilm formation time by S. sanguinis appears to induce a cariogenic potential, but lower than S. mutans .
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Objective Streptococcus sanguis is a possible candidate bacterium for the caries replacement therapy, which has no advantages in the acidic environment.The aim of the study was to construct acid-resistant strains of Streptococcus sanguis, determine its acid tolerance, and explore the mechanism of its antagonism against Sterptococcus mutans.Methods By gradually reducing the pH value of the medium, we constructed acid-resistant strains of Streptococcus sanguis, observed their growth and measured their acid tolerance according to their survival rate against lethal pH.We evaluated the competitive relationship between Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mutans by plate experiment and detected the changes of related acid resistance genes by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The growth of Streptococcus sanguis and its acid-resistant strains were limited by the pH value, and that of Streptococcus sanguis was better in either acidic or normal environment.The lethal pH value of Streptococcus sanguis was 3.6, that of its acid-resistant strains was 2.3, and the survival rate of the acid-resistant strains was 66.59% in the pH 3.6 environment.In comparison, the lethal pH value of Streptococcus mutans was 2.5, that of its acid-resistant strains was 2.1, and the survival rate of the acid-resistant strains was 2.55% in the pH 2.5 environment.In the presence of chloramphenicol, the acid-resistant strains could not survive in the original lethal pH.In the sub-lethal pH environment, the expressions of the acid resistance-related genes Groel and Dnak in the acid-resistant strains were significantly up-regulated as compared with those in the original Streptococcus sanguis (P<0.05).Conclusion Streptococcus sanguis has an acid adaptability and can enhance acid resistance in the sub-lethal pH environment.Acid-resistant Streptococcus sanguis in the replacement therapy may provide some new ideas for the treatment of dental caries.
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Introducción: Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Hér (geranio hiedra) es ampliamente utilizado en medicina natural para el tratamiento de enfermedades bucales, pero se desconocen aún sus propiedades farmacológicas, actividad antibacteriana y la composición de sus fitoconstituyentes. Objetivo: realizar un estudio comparativo de la actividad antibacteriana in vitro del extracto acuoso obtenido de las hojas de Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Hér (geranio hiedra) sobre Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis y Streptococcus mitis, frente a la clorhexidina. Métodos: para el ensayo antibacteriano se empleó el método de difusión en agar. Se trabajó con 18 muestras de microorganismos de cada especie mencionada, aisladas de los pacientes de una clínica dental. Posteriormente, se prepararon 6 concentraciones diferentes del extracto acuoso, para comparar la actividad antibacteriana frente al colutorio de clorhexidina. El análisis fitoquímico preliminar se realizó mediante el ensayo a la gota. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a análisis estadísticos como estimadores de media y dispersión, análisis de varianza unifactorial y prueba de Tukey. Resultados: la más alta actividad antibacteriana se obtuvo en la concentración de 400 mg/mL y la más baja en la de 25 mg/mL del extracto acuoso, sobre las tres especies de Streptococcus, en comparación con la clorhexidina; con efecto similar a la concentración de 200 mg/mL. El ensayo fitoquímico preliminar indicó la presencia de flavonoides, taninos, esteroides, antocianinas y saponinas. Conclusiones: el extracto acuoso de Pelargonium peltatum tiene actividad antibacteriana sobre Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis y Streptococcus sanguis.
Introduction: Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Her (ivy geranium) is widely used in natural medicine for the treatment of oral disease, but its pharmacological properties, antibacterial activity and phytoconstituent composition are still unknown. Objective: carry out a comparative study of the in vitro antibacterial activity of the aqueous extract obtained from leaves of Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L'Her (ivy geranium) against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis versus chlorhexidine. Methods: the agar diffusion method was used for the antibacterial assay. A study was conducted of 18 samples of microorganisms from the above-mentioned species, isolated from patients cared for at a dental clinic. Six different concentrations were prepared of the aqueous extract to compare antibacterial activity versus the chlorhexidine gargle. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was conducted by drop assay. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analyses such as mean and dispersion estimators, unifactorial analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Results: the highest antibacterial activity against the three species of Streptococcus was obtained with the 400 mg/ml concentration, and the lowest with the 25 mg/ml concentration of the aqueous extract, in comparison with chlorhexidine, with a similar effect to the 200 mg/ml concentration. The preliminary phytochemical assay revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids, anthocyanins and saponins. Conclusions: the aqueous extract of Pelargonium peltatum has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis.
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As lactobacilli possess an antagonistic growth property, these bacteria may be beneficial as bioprotective agents for infection control. However, whether the antagonistic growth effects are attributed to the lactobacilli themselves or their fermentative broth remains unclear. The antagonistic growth effects of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum as well as their fermentative broth were thus tested using both disc agar diffusion test and broth dilution method, and their effects on periodontal pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Porphyromonas gingivalisin vitro at different concentrations and for different time periods were also compared. Both Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus fermentum and their concentrated fermentative broth were shown to inhibit significantly the growth of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, althoughdifferent inhibitory effects were observed for different pathogens. The higher the counts of lactobacilli and the higher the folds of concentrated fermentative broth, the stronger the inhibitory effects are observed. The inhibitory effect is demonstrated to be dose-dependent. Moreover, for the lactobacilli themselves, Lactobacillus fermentum showed stronger inhibitory effects than Lactobacillus salivarius. However, the fermentative broth of Lactobacillus fermentum showed weaker inhibitory effects than that of Lactobacillus salivarius. These data suggested that lactobacilli and their fermentative broth exhibit antagonistic growth activity, and consumption of probiotics or their broth containing lactobacilli may benefit oral health.
Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial , Fermentation , Limosilactobacillus fermentum , Periodontitis , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Probiotics/analysis , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sanguis , Food Microbiology , Methods , VirulenceABSTRACT
Streptococcus sanguis (S. sanguis) is a gram positive streptococcus bacteria which is found in the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity and the upper respiratory tract. It has low virulence, but it can cause bacterial endocarditis through the blood circulation when dental calculus are removed from the teeth or during surgical treatment. Septic arthritis caused by S. sanguis has been reported as infecting the sternoclavicular joint and the knee joint, but it is a quite rare infectious disease that has not been reported in Korea. Therefore, the authors report a case of the septic arthritis in the knee joint caused by S. sanguis in a patient with osteoarthritis of the knee, who has the history of periodontitis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis , Arthritis, Infectious , Bacteria , Blood Circulation , Communicable Diseases , Dental Calculus , Endocarditis, Bacterial , Knee , Knee Joint , Korea , Mouth , Osteoarthritis , Periodontitis , Respiratory System , Sternoclavicular Joint , Streptococcus , Streptococcus sanguis , ToothABSTRACT
O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar in vitro a aderência de Streptococcus sanguinis às superfícies dos implantes dentários tratados com jateamento de fosfato de cálcio, anodização, duplo ataque ácido e os de superfície lisa. Foram selecionados 40 implantes, sendo 10 de cada superfície. Para análise da aderência, foram preparadas suspensões do microrganismo contendo 106 células/ml em espectrofotômetro. O implante foi removido da embalagem e colocado diretamente no caldo. Em seguida, foram acondicionados separadamente em poços de placas de cultura de células contendo caldo sacarosado (placa in vitro) e a suspensão do microrganismo. Após 24h de incubação a 37 ºC e 5 por cento de CO2, os implantes foram lavados três vezes durante um minuto em solução salina estéril e colocados em sonicador com 10 ml de salina para dispersão das células aderidas. A seguir, foram realizadas diluições seriadas e semeaduras em meios de cultura específico para cada microrganismo. Após 48h de incubação a 37 ºC e 5 por cento de CO2, foi realizada a contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/ml) e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), teste de Tukey, com nível de significância de 5 por cento. Os resultados demonstraram uma grande aderência dos microrganismos às superfícies estudadas. A superfície anodizada apresentou os menores valores de aderência dos dois microrganismos, já a superfície submetida ao duplo ataque ácido apresentou maiores valores de UFC/ml.
The aim of this study was to analyze in vitro the adherence of Streptococcus sanguinis to dental implant surfaces treated with calcium phosphate blasting, anodizing, double acid etching and smooth surface. We selected 40 implants, 10 in each area. For analysis of adhesion of microorganism suspensions were prepared containing 106 cells/ml in a spectrophotometer. The implant was removed from its packaging and placed directly in the broth. Then were placed separately in of culture plates of cells containing broth containing sucrose (plate in vitro) and suspension of the microorganism. After 24h incubation at 37 oC and 5 percent CO2, the implants were washed three times for one minute in sterile saline and placed in a sonicator with 10 ml of saline for dispersion of the adhered cells. Next, serial dilutions were performed sowing and in culture media specific for each microorganism. After 48 h incubation at 37 oC and 5 percent CO2, were the count of colony forming units (CFU/ml) and the data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey test, with significance level 5 percent. The results showed a high adherence of microorganisms to surfaces studied. The anodized surface had the lowest values of adherence of two microorganisms, since the surface subjected to the double acid etching presented higher values of CFU/ml.
Subject(s)
Dental Implants , Periodontics , Streptococcus sanguisABSTRACT
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The microbial adhesion on the surface of materials used in prosthodontics and restorative dentistry significantly influences microbial infection. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of how the degree of surface roughness of acrlyic resin affect the adhesion of bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Resins were finished with 50micrometerand 250micrometeraluminium oxide particles by using sandblaster, by using stone point, and high polished with Opal(R) and Lace motor(R). The surface of acrylic resin attached by bacteria was directly touched on the surface of BHI agar, which was incubated. Bacteria colonies formed on BHI agar were counted in accordance with the degree of the surface roughness. RESULTS: 1. The viable cell number of Streptococcus mutans increased on the acrylic resins incubated in BHI broth than in PBS. 2. The viable cell number of Streptococcus mutans increased on the acrylic resins incubated without agitation than with agitation, washed three times than six times, and incubated in broth added with 5% sucrose than without sucrose. 3. When Streptococcus mutans incubated in BHI broth, the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies formed on BHI agar was the largest on the acrylic resins finished with 250micrometeraluminium oxide particle using sandblaster. But when incubated in BHI broth containing sucrose, the number of colonies formed on that was the largest on the acrylic resins high polished using Opal(R) and Lace motor(R). 4. When Streptococcus sanguis was incubated in BHI broth with or without sucrose, the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies formed on BHI agar was the largest on the acrylic resins finished with 250micrometeraluminium oxide particle using sandblaster. 5. When Actinomyces viscous was incubated in BHI broth with or without sucrose, the number of Streptococcus mutanscolonies formed on BHI agar was the largest on the acrylic resins high polished using Opal(R) and Lace motor(R). CONCLUSION: These results indicated that when acrylic resins attached by bacteria were touched on the surface of BHI agar, the number of bacterial colonies formed on the agar was dependent on the bacterial species. Also, the result of this study was showed that increase in the surface roughness and the addition of sucrose increased retention of microbial cells.
Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins , Actinomyces , Agar , Bacteria , Cell Count , Dentistry , Dihydroergotamine , Prosthodontics , Streptococcus , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sanguis , SucroseABSTRACT
砄bjective:To investigate the effects of salivary statherin on adherence of two kinds of main cariogenic bacteria. Methods: Human whole salivary statherin was separated and purified by high performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HPHIC) and was further identified by SDS PAGE electrophoresis and amino acid analysis.Then the adherence of Streptococcus mutans ( S.mutans serotype c,7H) and Sreptococcus sanguis (S.sanguis ,ATCC 10557)to hydroxyapatite (HA), which was covered with purified statherin or whole saliva (positive control) or PBS buffer (negative control) as experimental pellicles respectively,was studied by bacteria counting.Results:①More S.sanguis adhered to the experimental pellicles than S.mutans ( P
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砄bjective:To observe streptococcus sanguis (S.s) and Actinomycetes viscosus (A.v) in oral plaque biofilm formation.Methods:20 ml of saliva obtained from a health adult was centrifuged at 4 ℃ and 10 000 r/min for 10 min.The supernatant was disinfected in 60 ℃ water bath for 30 min.Glass coverslips in the size of 24 mm?24 mm were immersed into the saliva supernatant for 2 h to obtain biofilm.100 ?l of S.s ATCC 34 and A.v ATCC 19246 mixture cultured in TSB at the density of 10 5～6 CFU/ml was added into 20 ml of TSB,and then,the coverslips with biofilm were put into the mixture.The biofilm and bacteria were observed by scanning confocal laser microscopy at various times.Resuts:The biofilm reached the thickness of 15.4 ?m in 8 h and the clumps of the bacteria were mostly in the midle layer of the biofilm.The biofilm increased to 34.3 ?m in 16 h and became tassle like in 48 h.Conclusion: S.s and A.v may play some roles in the oral biofilm formation.
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Objective: To investigate the capability of Streptococcus sanguis(S.s) producing hydrogen peroxide (HP) and screen the strains of S.s with high yield of hydrogen peroxide.Methods: S.s were isolated from supergingival plaque of people with healthy periodontium. The microorganisms were cultivated anaerobically or aerobically, then washed and incubated with KCl buffer. Hydrogen peroxide and bacterial proteins were assayed spectrophotometrically. S.oralis ATCC 10557 was used as the controls. Results: In anaerobical culture the HP production (nmol/?g) of S.s and S.oralis was 118.22?69.92 and 338.60?192.14( P