Effect of Bulgarian propolis on the oral microflora in adolescents with plaque-induced gingivitis

ABSTRACT We compared the effect of two therapeutic approaches (marketed toothpaste and addition of Bulgarian propolis extract to the toothpaste) on gingival inflammation, plaque formation and oral microbial flora on Bulgarian adolescents with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis. The participants were divided randomly into two groups of 35 students. The first group was instructed to use marketed toothpaste in their routine oral hygiene. The second group was instructed to add 10 drops of Propolin® to the toothpaste before every brushing. The Gingival index and Plaque index were registered and dental plaque samples were collected on the first visit and on the 20th day of the study. After the treatment, the number of students with Gingival index = 1.1-2.0 in the second group was significantly lower than the respective number in the first group. Neisseria spp. and Streptococcus spp. were present in all samples before and after treatment. The addition of propolis resulted in the complete eradication of Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Fusobacterium varium, Gram-negative cocci, Gram-positive rods, Porphyromonas asaccharolyticus, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melani and Streptococcus intermedius. The analyses of Propolin® composition revealed it was a black poplar type propolis and is rich in compounds with pronounced antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, the addition of Bulgarian propolis to the toothpaste improved the gingival health in adolescents with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis and resulted in increased activity against potential periodontal and cariogenic pathogens.

Epidemiological and clinical profile of infective endocarditis at a Brazilian tertiary care center: an eight-year prospective study

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a systemic infectious disease requiring a multidisciplinary team for treatment. This study presents the epidemiological and clinical data of 73 cases of IE in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS This observational prospective cohort study of endocarditis patients during an eight-year study period described 73 episodes of IE in 70 patients (three had IE twice). Community-associated (CAIE) and healthcare-acquired infective endocarditis (HAIE) were diagnosed according to the modified Duke criteria. The collected data included demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics, including results of blood cultures, echocardiographic findings, surgical interventions, and outcome. RESULTS: Analysis of data from the eight-year study period and 73 cases (70 patients) of IE showed a mean age of 46 years (SD=2.5 years; 1-84 years) and that 65.7% were male patients. The prevalence of CAIE and HAIE was 32.9% and 67.1%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (30.1%), Enterococcus spp. (19.1%), and Streptococcus spp. (15.0%) were the prevalent microorganisms. The relevant signals and symptoms were fever (97.2%; mean 38.6 + 0.05°C) and heart murmur (87.6%). Vegetations were observed in the mitral (41.1%) and aortic (27.4%) valves. The mortality rate of the cases was 47.9%. CONCLUSIONS: In multivariate analysis, chronic renal failure (relative risk [RR]= 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.55), septic shock (RR= 2.19; 95% CI 1.499-3.22), and age over 60 years (RR= 2.28; 95% CI 1.44-3.59) were indirectly associated with in-hospital mortality. The best prognosis was related to the performance of cardiovascular surgery (hazard ratio [HR]= 0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.99).

Furunculose estreptocócica em equinos / Streptococcal Furunculosis in horses

Foram atendidos quatro casos de furunculose bacteriana, causados pelo agente Streptococcus spp., em equinos de um centro de equoterapia no município de Lavras MG. Micro-organismos do gênero Streptococcus não são agentes usuais deste tipo de afecção. As lesões se apresentavam circunscritas, alopécicas, nodulares, crostosas, dolorosas e não pruriginosas. O diagnóstico se baseou na apresentação clínica e na cultura de secreções coletadas das lesões cutâneas. Antibioticoterapia sistêmica e pomadas tópicas foram utilizados no tratamento, levando à resolução dos casos em vinte dias.

We report four cases of bacterial furunculosis caused by Streptococcus spp. in horses located in a therapeutic riding center in Lavras-MG. Microorganisms of the Streptococcus genus are not usual agents of this affection. The lesions were circumscribed, alopecic, nodular, some showed crosts, were painful and not itchy. The diagnosis was based on clinical presentation and culture of secretions collected from these lesions. Treatment consisted of systemic antibiotics and topical ointments, leading to resolution in twenty days.

Identificação da microbiota da cavidade oral de equinos / Oral cavity microbiota identification of horses / Identificación de la microbiota de la cavidad oral de equinos

Este trabalho descreve a recuperação e a identificação de bactérias da microbiota oral de equinos sadios provenientes da Sociedade Rural de Umuarama-PR e de centros de treinamento de Quarto de Milha da região. Foram coletados espécimes orais de 48 animais adultos de ambos os sexos, utilizando suabe estéril que foram semeados em ágar base acrescido de 5-8% de sangue ovino desfibrinado. As cepas isoladas foram identificadas segundo as suas características morfocoloniais, morfotinturiais e testes bioquímicos. Foram isolados a partir desses animais cocos gram-positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. E Nocardia spp.) e gram-negativos (Moraxella spp.) além de bastonetes gram-negativos, residentes das regiões periodontal e terço médio da lingua. Os principais isolados bacterianos das amostras periodontais foram Staphylococcus spp. Em 81,25% (39/48) das amostras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. Em 41,67% (20/48) das amostras. Os achados derivados das amostras da lingua mostraram maior colonização de Streptococcus spp. Comparada aos Staphylococcus spp. Os resultados obtidos representaram contribuição original para o conhecimento da microbiota oral de equinos, tendo significado para a microbiologia comparada.

This paper describes the recovery and identification of bacteria from the oral microbiota of healthy horses from the Rural Society (Sociedade Rural) in Umuarama-PR and Quarter Horse training centers in the region. Oral specimens were collected from 48 adult animals of both sexes, using sterile swabs plated on blood agar. Isolates were identified according to their morpho-colonial, staining and biochemical test characteristics. Gram-positive (Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp., Nocardia spp.) and gram-negative (Moraxella spp.) cocci, as well as periodontal rod cells were isolated from the periodontal and middle third portion of the tongue. The main bacterial isolates from periodontal samples were Staphylococcus spp., found in 81.25% (39/48) samples, followed by Streptococcus spp. in 41.67% (20/48) samples. The findings derived from tongue samples presented higher Streptococcus spp colonization. Compared to Staphylococcus spp., the results represent an original contribution to the knowledge of horse oral microbiota, with significance to compared microbiology.

Esta investigación describe la recuperación y la identificación de bacterias de la microbiota oral en equinos sanos provenientes de la Sociedad Rural de Umuarama-PR y de centros de entrenamiento de Cuarto de Milla de la región. Se ha recolectado muestras orales de 48 animales adultos de ambos sexos, utilizando hisopos estériles que fueron sembrados en ágar base añadido de 5-8% de sangre ovino desfibrinado. Las cepas aisladas fueron identificadas segundo sus características morfo coloniales, morfo tintúrales y pruebas bioquímicas. Se aislaron a partir de esos animales cocos gran positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. Y Nocardia spp.) y gran negativos (Moraxella spp.), además de bastones gran negativos, residentes de las regiones periodontal y medio de la lengua. Los principales aislados bacterianos de las muestras periodontales fueron Staphylococcus spp. En 81,25% (39/48) de las muestras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. En 41,67% (20/48) de las muestras. Los hallazgos derivados de las muestras de la lengua presentaron mayor colonización de Streptococcus spp. Comparada a los Streptococcus spp. Los resultados obtenidos representan una contribución original al conocimiento de la microbiota oral de equinos, que tienen significado para la microbiología comparada.

Identificação da microbiota da cavidade oral de equinos / Oral cavity microbiota identification of horses / Identificación de la microbiota de la cavidad oral de equinos

Este trabalho descreve a recuperação e a identificação de bactérias da microbiota oral de equinos sadios provenientes da Sociedade Rural de Umuarama-PR e de centros de treinamento de Quarto de Milha da região. Foram coletados espécimes orais de 48 animais adultos de ambos os sexos, utilizando suabe estéril que foram semeados em ágar base acrescido de 5-8% de sangue ovino desfibrinado. As cepas isoladas foram identificadas segundo as suas características morfocoloniais, morfotinturiais e testes bioquímicos. Foram isolados a partir desses animais cocos gram-positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. E Nocardia spp.) e gram-negativos (Moraxella spp.) além de bastonetes gram-negativos, residentes das regiões periodontal e terço médio da lingua. Os principais isolados bacterianos das amostras periodontais foram Staphylococcus spp. Em 81,25% (39/48) das amostras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. Em 41,67% (20/48) das amostras. Os achados derivados das amostras da lingua mostraram maior colonização de Streptococcus spp. Comparada aos Staphylococcus spp. Os resultados obtidos representaram contribuição original para o conhecimento da microbiota oral de equinos, tendo significado para a microbiologia comparada...

This paper describes the recovery and identification of bacteria from the oral microbiota of healthy horses from the Rural Society (Sociedade Rural) in Umuarama-PR and Quarter Horse training centers in the region. Oral specimens were collected from 48 adult animals of both sexes, using sterile swabs plated on blood agar. Isolates were identified according to their morpho-colonial, staining and biochemical test characteristics. Gram-positive (Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp., Nocardia spp.) and gram-negative (Moraxella spp.) cocci, as well as periodontal rod cells were isolated from the periodontal and middle third portion of the tongue. The main bacterial isolates from periodontal samples were Staphylococcus spp., found in 81.25% (39/48) samples, followed by Streptococcus spp. in 41.67% (20/48) samples. The findings derived from tongue samples presented higher Streptococcus spp colonization. Compared to Staphylococcus spp., the results represent an original contribution to the knowledge of horse oral microbiota, with significance to compared microbiology. KEYWORDS: Horses. Microbiota. Oral. Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp...

Esta investigación describe la recuperación y la identificación de bacterias de la microbiota oral en equinos sanos provenientes de la Sociedad Rural de Umuarama-PR y de centros de entrenamiento de Cuarto de Milla de la región. Se ha recolectado muestras orales de 48 animales adultos de ambos sexos, utilizando hisopos estériles que fueron sembrados en ágar base añadido de 5-8% de sangre ovino desfibrinado. Las cepas aisladas fueron identificadas segundo sus características morfo coloniales, morfo tintúrales y pruebas bioquímicas. Se aislaron a partir de esos animales cocos gran positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. Y Nocardia spp.) y gran negativos (Moraxella spp.), además de bastones gran negativos, residentes de las regiones periodontal y medio de la lengua. Los principales aislados bacterianos de las muestras periodontales fueron Staphylococcus spp. En 81,25% (39/48) de las muestras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. En 41,67% (20/48) de las muestras. Los hallazgos derivados de las muestras de la lengua presentaron mayor colonización de Streptococcus spp. Comparada a los Streptococcus spp. Los resultados obtenidos representan una contribución original al conocimiento de la microbiota oral de equinos, que tienen significado para la microbiología comparada...

Paper currencies, a potential carrier of pathogenic microorganisms.

Microbial analysis of 500 Indian currencies collected from people of different categories across the state Assam (India) has shown the presence of various pathogenic microorganisms viz, E. coli, Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus sp. which are known to be responsible for watery diarrhea, mouth skin diseases, pneumonia, respiratory track diseases, gastro intestinal diseases etc. This may be due to the climatic conditions of most of the third world Asian countries which favors the optimum growth conditions for the microorganisms and a huge number of carriers handling them due to larger population in these regions.

Características físico-químicas e contagem de células somáticas de leite proveniente de vacas naturalmente infectadas por streptococcus spp / Physic-chemical characteristics and somatic cell count in bovine milk naturally infected by streptococcus spp / Características físico-químicas y cómputo de células somáticas de leche de vacas naturalmentee infectadas por streptococcus spp

Foram estudadas 1051 vacas da raça Holandesa de seis propriedades leiteiras do estado de São Paulo. As amostras de leite foram cultivadas em ágar sangue ovino 8% e ágar MacConkey, sob aerofilia, por até 96 horas na intenção de isolar Streptococcus spp em estado puro. Confirmada a presença do agente, bem como a ausência de outros microrganismos aeróbicos nas amostras, realizaram-se as seguintes provas: densidade, gordura, extrato seco total (EST), extrato seco desengordurado (ESD), acidez (ºD), crioscopia, prova quantitativa para proteína, prova quantitativa para cloretos, contagem de células somáticas (CCS), bem como a classificação taxonômica do agente. A análise estatística dos resultados revelou que os Streptococcus spp promoveu alterações significativas no que diz respeito aos parâmetros densidade, gordura, teor de cloretos e contagem de células somáticas. Os resultados referentes aos padrões de proteína, EST, ESD e acidez não apresentam alterações estatisticamente significativas entre o grupo de amostras positivas para o agente e o grupo negativo. Com base nas alterações observadas conclui-se que o Streptococcus spp, como agente etiológico das mastites, causa perdas econômicas significativas aos produtores, indústria e consumidores da cadeia do leite.

ABSTRACT: 1051 Holstein cows from six dairy farms in Sao Paulo state - Brazil were studied. Milk samples were cultivated in sheep blood agar and 8% MacConkey agar, under aerobic conditions for 96 hours in order to isolate Streptococcus spp in pure state. All the positive samples and the control group of negative ones were submitted to the following tests: density, fatness, total dry extract (EST), fatless dry extract (ESD), acidity (ºD), cryoscopy, quantitative protein proof, quantitative chlorine proof, somatic cell count (SCC) as well as the taxonomic classifi cation of the agent. The statistical analysis showed that Streptococcus spp was responsible for signifi cant alterations in the parameters of density, fatness, chlorine and CCS. The results from the standards of protein, EST, ESD and acidity didn't present alterations statistically signifi cant among the positive samples for the agent and the negative group. Based on the observed alterations it was concluded that Streptococcus spp, as etiologic agent of mastitis, can cause signifi cant economic losses to producers, industry and milk consumers.

RESUMEN: Fueron estudiadas 1051 vacas de la raza Holandeza de seis propriedades de leche del Estado de São Paulo. Las muestras de leche fueron cultivadas en agar sangre de ovino 8% y agar MacConkey, bajo aerofi lia, hasta 96 horas para intentar aislar Streptococcus spp en estado puro. Confi rmada la presencia del agente, así como la ausencia de otros microorganismos aeróbicos en las muestras, fueron realizadas las siguientes pruebas: densidad, grasa, extracto seco total EST), extracto seco sin grasa (ESD), acidez (D), crioscopia, prueba cuantitativa para las proteinas prueba cuantitativa para los cloretos, cómputo de las células somáticas (CCS), así como la clasifi cación taxonómica del agente. El análisis estadístico de los resultados reveló que los Streptococcus spp promovieron alteraciones signifi cativas para los parámetros densidad, grasa, tenor de cloretos y cómputo de células somáticas. Los resultados referentes a los moldes de proteínas, EST, ESD y acidez no presentaron alteraciones estadísticamente signifi cativas entre el grupo de muestras positivas para el agente y el grupo negativo. Basándose en las alteraciones observadas se conclui que el Streptococcus spp, como agente etiológico de la infección, causa pierdas económicas signifi cativas a los productores, a la industria y a los consumidores de la leche.