Design and analysis of shoulder type exoskeleton stretcher for individual soldier / 生物医学工程学杂志

For the transportation process of rescuing wounded personnel on naval vessels, a new type of shoulder type exoskeleton stretcher for individual soldier was designed in this paper. The three-dimensional model of the shoulder type exoskeleton stretcher for individual soldier was constructed using three dimensional modeling software. Finite element analysis technique was employed to conduct statics simulation, modal analysis, and transient dynamics analysis on the designed exoskeleton stretcher. The results show that the maximum stress of the exoskeleton stretcher for walking on flat ground is 265.55 MPa, which is lower than the allowable strength of the fabrication material. Furthermore, the overall deformation of the structure is small. Modal analysis reveals that the natural frequency range of the exoskeleton stretcher under different gait conditions is 1.96 Hz to 28.70 Hz, which differs significantly from the swing frequency of 1 Hz during walking. This indicates that the designed structure can effectively avoid resonance. The transient dynamics analysis results show that the maximum deformation and stress of exoskeleton stretcher remain within the safety range, which meets the expected performance requirements. In summary, the shoulder type exoskeleton stretcher for individual soldier designed in this study can solve the problem of requiring more than 2 people to carry for the existing stretcher, especially suitable for narrow spaces of naval vessels. The research results of this paper can provide a new solution for the rescue of wounded personnel on naval vessels.

Design and application of rescue stretcher dedicated for cardiopulmonary resuscitation mechanical compression device / 中华危重病急救医学

Continuous chest compressions during the transportation of patients with cardiac arrest have always been a difficult part in the field of pre-hospital emergency cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). How to ensure continuous high-quality chest compressions is an important part of the patient's entire rescue process. At present, mechanical compression devices are commonly used to provide continuous high-quality chest compressions during the transportation. However, the installation process of the mechanical compression device involves posture changes of the patient, the placement of the device base, etc., and it is very likely to affect the continuous high-quality CPR treatment in the pre-hospital emergency process with limited human resources. Therefore, the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University and Huzhou University jointly designed a rescue stretcher dedicated for CPR mechanical compression device, and has obtained the national utility model patent (ZL 2019 2 1005444.9). The main design feature of this stretcher is that the base of the compression device is combined with the stretcher, which eliminates the installation and fixation process of the base during the installation of the mechanical compression device, shortens the installation time. It has certain clinical applications value.

Ergonomics Study Of Stretcher For Rescuer To Lift Drown Body

@#Drowning is one of 10 leading causes of death in every region of the world especially in the picnic and recreation. Statistics from Fire and Rescue Department showed an average of 700 people drown each year in this country. There were also cases where casualty to rescuers during the Save and Rescue Operation (SAR). As the incidents increased, the task of rescuers and equipment used should be reviewed. Issue How to ease rescuer task and safely lift underwater drown body. Problem Statement Difficulties arise during lifting drown body from underwater to the surface due to certain circumstances. This involved safety to rescuers, process of rescuing and time consuming of the operation. Objective The objective of this study is to determine the efficient ways of lifting drown body based on rescuers preferences. From the results, new stretcher design parameters will be established. Method Thirty rescuers from two Water Rescue Teams namely PPDA Putrajaya and PPDA Shah Alam Branches participated in this study. They are 24 male and 6 female aged between 23 to 51 years with mean of age at 29.5 year and experienced in SAR. Instrument Questionnaires were used to identify factors contributed to success or failure of any SAR operation. Likert scale questions were used to measure their preferences. Data then processed using statistical software (SPSS). Results Findings shows that all respondents agreed that lifting method is the most significant factor affecting their task performance, safety and time consumes. Meanwhile 83.3% of them strongly agreed and 16.7% agreed the usage of proposed floatable stretcher to lift drown body in their future SAR Operations.

Development of high altitude stretcher / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a new type of stretcher to meet the needs of medical evacuation in high altitude region. Methods The stretcher was composed of a bearing plate, a protective shield, a control unit and external accessories. An enclosed space was formed by the shield and plate,and there were an air inlet and outlet in the shield to regulate the pressure and oxygen content in the space. An electric blanket was put on the plate, which was combined with the control unit to execute dynamic monitoring and control of the temperature and oxygen content in the shield.Results The stretcher enhanced the casualty safety during transport so that the effect of high altitude on casualty conditions could be decreased effectively. Conclusion The stretcher can be used for casualty transport in high-altitude conditions while reduce the casualty riks.

Development of rain gear for stretcher cart / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a rain gear for the stretcher cart to facilitate casualty transport during rainy days. Methods The rain gear was designed with emphases on rain proof, portability, compactness and etc, which was composed of multi fixing and guiding slots and multi metal racks at the cart as well as the rain-proof raincloth and hanger. Results The rain gear behaved well in rain proof, deployment and withdrawal, and enhanced the patient satisfaction and medical staff's efficiency greatly. Conclusion The rain gear gains advantages in design, structure and safety, and thus is worthy promoting practically.

Innovación tecnológica y humanitarismo en el traslado de heridos de guerra: el informe de Nicasio Landa sobre un nuevo sistema de suspensión elástica de camillas (Pamplona, 29 mayo 1875) / Technological innovation and humanitarianism in the transport of war wounded: Nicasio Landa’ s report on a new elastic suspension system for stretchers (Pamplona, May 29, 1875)

Resumen En mayo de 1875, en medio de una sangrienta contienda civil en España conocida como Tercera Guerra Carlista, Nicasio Landa, oficial médico de Sanidad Militar redactó un informe demandando autorización a sus superiores para que Cruz Roja Española, de la que era inspector general, pudiera adoptar un nuevo sistema de suspensión elástica para camillas que había diseñado, desarrollado y probado. Destinado ante todo a carretas de labranza – el medio de transporte de heridos aún más frecuente entonces – se presentaba como un mecanismo económico y resistente para mejorar el confort de los trasladados, que podía también instalarse en carruajes de ambulancia, vagones de ferrocarril y buques-hospitales. Se publica una edición anotada del informe precedida de una presentación del mismo.

Abstract In May 1875, in the midst of a bloody civil conflict in Spain known as the Third Carlist War, Nicasio Landa, a medical officer with Military Health, wrote a report requesting authorization for the Spanish Red Cross, of which he was Inspector General, to adopt a new elastic suspension system for stretchers that he had designed, developed and tested. Intended above all for use in farm wagons – still the most widely-used method of transporting the wounded at the time – it was an inexpensive, sturdy mechanism that improved patient comfort and could also be installed in ambulance carriages, railway carriages and hospital ships. An annotated version of the report is included, preceded by a presentation of its contents.

Using Shoulder Straps Decreases Heart Rate Variability and Salivary Cortisol Concentration in Swedish Ambulance Personnel

BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that paramedics are exposed to risks in the form of injuries to the musculoskeletal system. In addition, there are studies showing that they are also at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and psychiatric diseases, which can partly be explained by their constant exposure to stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the use of shoulder straps decreases physical effort in the form of decreased heart rate and cortisol concentration. METHODS: A stretcher with a dummy was carried by 20 participants for 400 m on two occasions, one with and one without the shoulder straps. Heart rate was monitored continuously and cortisol samples were taken at intervals of 0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes. Each participant was her or his own control. RESULTS: A significant decrease in heart rate and cortisol concentration was seen when shoulder straps were used. The median values for men (with shoulder straps) at 0 minutes was 78 bpm/21.1 nmol/L (heart rate/cortisol concentration), at 15 minutes was 85 bpm/16.9 nmol/L, and at 60 minutes was 76 bpm/15.7 nmol/L; for men without shoulder straps, these values were 78 bpm/21.9 nmol/L, 93 bpm/21.9 nmol/L, and 73 bpm/20.5 nmol/L. For women, the values were 85 bpm/23.3 nmol/L, 92 bpm/20.8 nmol/L, and 70 bpm/18.4 nmol/L and 84 bpm/32.4 nmol/L, 100 bpm/32.5 nmol/L, and 75 bpm/25.2 nmol/L, respectively. CONCLUSION: The use of shoulder straps decreases measurable physical stress and should therefore be implemented when heavy equipment or a stretcher needs to be carried. An easy way to ensure that staff use these or similar lifting aids is to provide them with personalized, well-adapted shoulder straps. Another better option would be to routinely sewn these straps into the staff's personal alarm jackets so they are always in place and ready to be used.

Desenvolvimento da maca infantil multifuncional para atendimento odonto-médico-hospitalar de bebês e pré-escolares / Delevopment of a children´s multifunctional stretcher for the hospital, medical and dental treatment of babys and preschool children

O público infantil, na faixa etária de 0 - 5 anos, ainda é pouco assistido no que se refere aos recursos de acomodação para atendimento odontopediátrico. No mercado brasileiro o que se encontra disponível para esta finalidade, são produtos pouco funcionais para as crianças de zero a trinta e seis meses e que não atendem às exigências mínimas de adequação ergonômica, seja para o bom desempenho dos profissionais, ou para conforto, segurança e bem estar à criança. Este relatório de tese apresenta a pesquisa e desenvolvimento da maca infantil para atendimento odontopediátrico, sob a ótica do design aplicado à saúde, cujas bases se estruturaram nos conceitos de ergonomia, usabilidade e emotion design, com o objetivo de propor um equipamento adequado às características psicofísicas do público usuário. A pesquisa se desenvolveu sob duas vertentes de usuários pacientes e profissionais, observando os impactos psicofísicos, nesses dois públicos, da relação interface X usuário. Esta pesquisa ofereceu as prerrogativas para especificar os requisitos de projeto do design da maca, observando as necessidades evidenciadas para identificar as funções que a nova maca deverá desempenhar. O resultado apresentado exibe uma estrutura morfológica semelhante a da cadeira odontológica para adultos, porém seu dimensionamento é correspondente e apropriado ao público infantil de 0 - 5 anos. A proposta final foi incrementada com acessórios, cujas funções são de ajustar a posição da criança na da maca, oferecer os apoios necessários para acomodação confortável do pescoço e dos membros inferiores, além de proporcionar uma contenção confortável de movimentos bruscos do tronco, membros inferiores e cabeça, a fim de garantir a segurança da criança durante o seu atendimento. As cores empregadas têm objetivo lúdico e de adequação psicodinâmica ao contexto de uso da maca, para favorecer o comportamento colaborativo da criança durante o atendimento, além de contribuir para o desempenho...

Children in the age group from 0-5 years are still poorly assisted in what concerns suitable accommodation resources for pediatric dental care. The products available to this audience in the Brazilian market are little functional to the age group of 0-36 months. These products fail to meet minimum requirements for ergonomic adjustment in what concerns the professional performance or the childs welfare and safety. This research presents research and development of a stretcher for pediatric dental care, under the viewpoint of healthcare design. This kind of design is based upon ergonomics concepts, usability and emotion design. The aim is to present an equipment suitable to the psychophysics features of the target audience. The present research was developed considering both the professional and the patient approach. Psychophysics impact of interface versus user on both audiences were observed. It also propounds the prerogatives to establish the project requirements for the stretcher design, observing the identified needs in order to identify the functions this new stretcher should perform. The result exhibits a morphological structure similar to the adult targeted stretcher but its dimensioning is suitable and adequate to the age group of 0-5 years old. The final proposal was incremented with accessories whose functions are to adjust childs position in the stretcher, and to offer the necessary rests for neck and legs comfortable accommodation and, finally, to provide a comfortable contention of abrupt movements of the trunk, legs and head, in order to ensure the childs safety during its attendance. Colors were employed with a ludic and psychodynamics purpose, considering its application context and to favor a collaborative behavior of the child. In order to provide a safe and comfortable performance of the professional, the stretcher offers a pedal operated height adjustment and resources for its diminution and expansion therefore making it easier...

Design of added equipment for transporting the wounded on the truck / 医疗卫生装备

Based on new material and technic, the design of general structure, stretcher fixture, vibration isolation, carriage baffle fixture, ergonomical parameters selection for a new kind of stretcher suspension named added equipment for transporting the wounded on the truck is carried out. The results of mechanical performance experiment, reliability experiment, road adaptability test, road comfort test, application experiment by troops indicate that the added equipment is safe, reliable, convenient for use and fairly comfortable to persons lying on it. Thus a new kind of equipment fit for the army to transport the wounded on the truck under the field condition is developed.

Application status in quo of field stretcher and its attachment / 医疗卫生装备

This paper mainly discusses the development status in quo of field stretcher and its attachment with the history of field stretcher reviewed.The development trends of field stretcher in the future are also presented.

Development of Rapidly-fixed Evacuation Stretcher / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a suit of rapidly-fixed evacuation stretcher for safe and convenient transportation of the wounded. Methods By making use of the expansion-shaping property of a bubble-shaped material produced by the chemical reaction of two kinds of Macromolecule materials, and the restrictive effect of body shape matching cotton fabric fixation-bag, a new type of stretcher was developed. Results It was proved by the maneuver and all kinds of traffic accidents that the field stretcher could provide dependable safeguard for the wounded, and the effect was very well. It was suitable to carry out the second or the third treatment and other transportation schemes. Conclusion This new type of field stretcher is light, portable and easily-operated, and besides, it can be used repeatedly.

Development of Infusion Support Series for Field Operation Stretcher / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop and perfect the infusion function of field operation stretcher by attaching infusion support.Methods The linking structure was developed for conveniently mounting infusion support to field operation stretcher so as to pack them off together.Results The infusion support is simple to operate,reasonable in structure,convenient to put off,and suitable for various field operation stretcher.Conclusion The field rescue,especially the quality of casualty transports,is improved.The manpower and material resources needed in on-site rescue are greatly reduced.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):68]

Modeling and dynamic analysis of stretcher bed on ambulance based on virtual prototyping technology / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To obtain the dynamic characteristics of the stretcher bed without absorber, and to optimize the absorber. Methods Pro/E and ADAMS were used to build the dynamic model of the stretcher bed on ambulance. The principle of random sine wave superposition and Visual Basic language were used to produce time-domain pavement roughness which could stimulate the model. The system was analyzed. Results The curve of vertical acceleration in time and frequency domain and the RMS of vertical acceleration without absorber were obtained by simulation., and a reasonably suited pair of stiffness and damping coefficient was found to reduce the vibration intensity. Conclusion The inherent frequency of the stretcher bed is 2.7Hz, which is out of the sympathetic vibration area of decubital body. Through adjusting and optimizing the stiffness and damping of vibration reduction equipment, the stretcher bed is more comfortable.