Motivación Intrínseca y Perspectiva Temporal de Universitarios del Noroeste de México / Intrinsic Motivation and Temporal Perspective of University Students in Northwestern Mexico

Resumen Se buscó identificar el perfil de motivación intrínseca (MI) y su relación con la perspectiva temporal en estudiantes universitarios del noroeste de México. En una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 553 estudiantes, se puso a prueba un modelo de motivación intrínseca, autoeficacia, orientación al logro, percepción escolar, morosidad y orientaciones temporales (pasado, presente y futuro). Se conformó un modelo estructural de MI que posee bondad de ajuste práctica adecuada. El modelo explica 48% de la variabilidad de la motivación intrínseca; destaca el efecto positivo de la orientación al logro (peso estructural=.65*) y el efecto negativo e indirecto (a través de la autoeficacia) de la morosidad (peso estructural=-.53*) sobre la MI. Y un efecto positivo de las orientaciones temporales (pasado negativo, presente hedonista y presente fatalista) sobre la morosidad (peso estructural=.54*). El estudio ofrece información sobre los aspectos que deben ser desarrollados en los estudiantes universitarios en relación con la motivación intrínseca.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the intrinsic motivation (IM) profile and its relationship with time perspective in a non-probabilistic convenience sample of 553 students university students from a northwestern region in Mexico. Structural equation models were fitted for intrinsic motivation, with self-efficacy, achievement orientation, school perception, procrastination and temporal orientations (past, present and future) as direct and indirect predictors. A structural model of IM was formed that has adequate practical goodness-of-fit. The overall model explained 48% of the variance for intrinsic motivation. Achievement orientation was positively associated (structural weight =.65*) with intrinsic motivation while procrastination was negatively and indirectly (through self-efficacy) related (structural weight =.53*) to IM. Temporal orientations (negative past, hedonistic present and fatalistic present) were positively related to procrastination (structural weight =.54*). This study provides information regarding important predictors of intrinsic motivation that can be targeted among university students.

Is soft drink consumption associated with gestational hypertension? Results from the BRISA cohort

It is still unknown whether excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may be linked to gestational hypertensive disorders, other than preeclampsia. This study investigated the association between soft drink consumption and hypertension during pregnancy, analyzing the relationship from the perspective of counterfactual causal theory. Data from pregnant women of the BRISA cohort were analyzed (1,380 in São Luis and 1,370 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil). The explanatory variable was the frequency of soft drink consumption during pregnancy obtained in a prenatal interview. The outcome was gestational hypertension based on medical diagnosis, at the time of delivery. A theoretical model of the association between soft drink consumption and gestational hypertension was constructed using a directed acyclic graph. Marginal structural models (MSM) weighted by the inverse of the probability of soft drink consumption were also employed. Using Poisson regression analysis, high soft drink consumption (≥7 times/week) was associated with gestational hypertension in São Luís (RR=1.48; 95%CI: 1.03-2.10), in Ribeirão Preto (RR=1.51; 95%CI: 1.13-2.01), and in the two cohorts combined (RR=1.45; 95%CI: 1.16-1.82) compared to lower exposure (<7 times/week). In the MSM, the association between high soft drink consumption and gestational hypertension was observed in Ribeirão Preto (RR=1.63; 95%CI: 1.21-2.19) and in the two cohorts combined (RR=1.51; 95%CI: 1.15-1.97), but not in São Luís (RR=1.26; 95%CI: 0.79-2.00). High soft drink consumption seems to be a risk factor for gestational hypertension, suggesting that it should be discouraged during pregnancy.

Efecto de Mediación de la Agencia Humana en Escenarios Educativos / Mediation Effect to Human Agency in Educational Settings

Resumen La Agencia humana ha sido estudiada desde varias disciplinas de las ciencias sociales y aunque tienen similitudes en su conceptualización y características, existe un aislamiento en su estudio y ausencia de comunicación entre disciplinas. Se buscó probar el efecto de mediación de los tres modos de Agencia propuestos por Bandura en el contexto del aprendizaje en educación superior. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios por modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales de los resultados de la aplicación a estudiantes universitarios, del Inventario de Agencia en Situaciones Escolares (IASE), elaborado exprofeso para este estudio, permitió probar un efecto de mediación entre la agencia personal y la agencia colectiva a través de la agencia mediada. La relación tríadica de la agencia propuesta por la teoría, centrada en situaciones escolares, es un aporte a la etnopsicometría que permite asumir el papel de múltiples factores en el proceso de adquisición de aprendizajes complejos.

Abstract The Human Agency has been studied from various Social Science disciplines and although they exhibit similarities in their conceptualization and characteristics, a lack of communication between disciplines is detected. We sought to test the mediation effect of the three modes of Agency proposed by Bandura in the context of learning in higher education. A confirmatory factor analysis of the Inventory of Agency in School Situations, elaborated for this study, allowed to prove a mediation effect between the personal agency and the collective agency through the mediated agency. The triadic relationship of agency proposed by the theory, centered on school situations, is a contribution to ethnopsychometry that allows us to assume the role of multiple factors in the process of acquiring complex learning.

A New Quantitative Method of Tibetan Medicine Property ——Construction of “Ro Nus ZhurJes” Vector Structural Model / 中国实验方剂学杂志

“Ro Nus ZhurJes” theory is the core content of Tibetan medicine property theory, and also the core compatibility law of Tibetan medicine. It takes six tastes of medicine as the surface medicinal property, three tastes after digestion by "three gastropyretie" as the inner medicinal property, eight properties and seventeen effects as the deep medicinal property, and its essential property is the special medicinal property, forming a multi-level medicinal property theory, but its internal structure still needs to be unified and sorted out, clinical practicability needs to be further improved. In this paper, literature mining, Tibetan medicine theory, vector structural model, K-means clustering analysis, Gephi 0.9.2 visualization and other methods were used to sort out the theory of Tibetan medicinal properties. It was found that the inherent structure of Tibetan medicine properties had the multi-dimensional structural characteristics of "seven medicinal properties+three characteristics", and that the same medicinal properties would overlap, while the opposite medicinal properties would offset and could be expressed by vectors. Therefore, the vector structural model of "Ro Nus ZhurJes" of Tibetan medicine was proposed in this paper. Taking twenty-five-flavor Yuganzi powder(skyu-ru-nyer-lnga) and 92 commonly used Tibetan medicine prescriptions as examples, the rates of single prescription with seventeen effects and multiple prescriptions acting on three factors were analyzed. The model analysis results were highly consistent with the clinical efficacy, and the main diseases were the same, which showed that this model had a high degree of fitting and interpretation. It could effectively and intuitively quantify the properties of Tibetan medicine prescriptions and uncover the complex hidden knowledge of Tibetan medicine theory. In the future, the vector structural model of "Ro Nus ZhurJes" will be applied to analyze the classical prescriptions of Tibetan medicine, and the fitting evaluation and modification optimization will be carried out continuously in order to improve the practicability of theory of Tibetan medicine property in the big data environment and provide methodological reference for the quantification of medicinal property of Tibetan medicine prescriptions.

Un modelo estructural de motivación intrínseca / A structural model of intrinsic motivation

Resumen El propósito principal de la presente investigación fue elaborar y probar un modelo estructural de la motivación intrínseca entre estudiantes de la Universidad de Sonora hacia los currículos de sus respectivas carreras. Un objetivo secundario fue superar las limitaciones del modelo de motivación intrínseca elaborado entre estudiantes de la UNAM. Se emplearon 8 escalas psicométricas desarrolladas por los autores en estudios previos, las cuales presentaron valores satisfactorios de confiabilidad y validez. El modelo sometido a prueba fue similar al de la muestra de la UNAM, excepto por la ausencia de las variables percepción escolar y valor, las cuales presentaron correlaciones bajas no significativas con la mayoría de las variables. El ajuste del modelo fue satisfactorio como lo evidencian los valores de diversos índices. La proporción de varianza explicada de la motivación intrínseca fue relativamente alta (0.498). Las 3 variables con los efectos directos más grandes sobre dicha motivación fueron autoeficacia, orientación al logro y certeza en la elección de carrera. La morosidad, tan común en los salones de clase, afecta negativamente a la autoeficacia, a la orientación al logro y a la motivación intrínseca, y a su vez, es reforzada por la evitación al trabajo y el temor al fracaso.

Abstract The main purpose of this research was to develop and test a structural model of intrinsic motivation among students of the University of Sonora to the curriculum of their careers. A secondary objective was to overcome the limitations of the model developed among students of the UNAM. Eight psychometric scales developed by the authors in previous studies were used, which showed satisfactory reliability and validity values. The model tested was similar to the sample of the UNAM, except for the absence of school perception and value variables, which showed no significant low correlations with most of the variables. The model fit was satisfactory as suggested by the values of various indexes. The proportion of variance explained by intrinsic motivation was relatively high (0.498). The 3 variables with the greatest direct impact on intrinsic motivation were self-efficacy, achievement orientation and certainty in career choice. Procrastination, so common in classrooms, negatively affects the self-efficacy, the achievement orientation and intrinsic motivation, and in turn, is reinforced by the work avoidance and fear of failure.

Application of health belief model to research determinants of exercise behavior among overweight and obese residents in Beijing / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To study the determinants of exercise behavior among the overweight and obese residents, so as to provide reference for policy-making and health promotion in the future. Methods The study only enrolled overweight and obese residents to conduct a questionnaire survey and physical examination including height, weight and waist circumference. The self-designed questionnaire based on Health Belief Model had acceptable validity and reliability. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the determinants of exercise behavior after univariate analysis and correlation analysis. Result Totally 2 489 overweight and obese residents(1 182 male and 1 307 female)were included in this study. Their average age was 45.3±14.2 years and their median amount of exercise was 4 thousand-step equivalent with quartile of (0.5, 10.0); 22.9% of these residents never took any exercise. Males with high school and equivalent level of education and an income of 5 000 to 10 000 yuan, took more exercise than other demographic groups. Amount of exercise had a positive correlation with perceived benefits of exercise, perceived severity of disadvantage of low exercise and self-efficacy, while it had a negative correlation with subjective barriers and objective barriers. Structural Equation Modeling showed that perceived subjective barriers, objective barriers and self-efficacy were determinants of exercise behavior. Their total standardized effects on exercise behavior were-0.085 (P=0.020),-0.242 (P<0.001) and 0.184 (P<0.001) respectively.Those with higher self-efficacy and less barriers preferred to do more exercise. Indirect effect widely existed in the SEM and self-efficacy were the most important mediating variables of all the other significant determinants. Conclusion The overweight and obese residents are seriously lack of exercise, which need some targeted intervention, especially by improving their self-efficacy and reducing their objective barriers.

Structural modeling and dynamic evolution analysis of hypoxia response networks / 军事医学

Objective To construct an executable model of a hypoxia response network (HRN) and to analyze the dynamic evolution mechanism of an HRN including randomness as well as concurrency based on computer simulation. Methods Specific evolution rules and Gillespie algorithm were adoped to study the dynamic evolution of the structural model based on the construction of a structural model of an HRN using stochastic Petri net ( SPN ) .Results Dynamic evolution laws of an HRN were obtained and the simulation results were consistent with laboratory results in response to descript switch-like behavior of an HRN .Conclusion A visualization model of the HRN can be achieved using SPN method.Simulation results achieved by executing the model based on stochastic simulation using specific kinetic parameters can serve as a nice complement to traditional laboratory results , which can help shed light on the structure and function characteristics of an HRN.

Structural Equation Model for Caregiving Experience of Families Providing Care for Family Members with Mental Disorders

PURPOSE: This study was done to develop and test a structural model for caregiving experience including caregiving satisfaction and caregiving strain in families providing care for family members with a mental disorder. METHODS: The Stress-appraisal-coping model was used as the conceptual framework and the structural equation model to confirm the path that explains what and how variables affect caregiving experience in these families. In this hypothesis model, exogenous variables were optimism, severity of illness and uncertainty. The endogenous variables were self efficacy, social support, caregiving satisfaction and caregiving strain. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. RESULTS: Optimism and caregiving self-efficacy had significant direct and indirect effects on caregiving satisfaction. Optimism, severity of illness and uncertainty had significant direct and indirect effects on caregiving strain. The modified path model explained effects of optimism on caregiving self-efficacy with social support in the path structure as a mediator. Also, there were direct and indirect effects of optimism and uncertainty on caregiving satisfaction with social support and caregiving self-efficacy in the path structure as a mediators. CONCLUSION: Results suggest the need to improve caregiving self-efficacy of these families, establish support systems such as a mental health professional support programs for caregiving self-efficacy. Optimism, severity of illness and uncertainty perceived by families need to be considered in the development of support programs in order to increase their effectiveness.

A Structural Equation Modeling on Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescent Girls

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in adolescent girls and to test the fitness with collected data. METHODS: The participants were 1,087 adolescent girls from 3 high schools and 5 middle schools in B city. Data were collected from July 3 to October 15, 2012 using self-reported questionnaires and were analyzed using PASW 18.0 and AMOS 16.0 programs. RESULTS: The overall fitness indices of hypothetical model were good (chi2 =1555, p<.001), chi2/df=4.40, SRMR=.04, GFI=.91, RMSEA=.05, NFI=.90, TLI=.91, CFI=.92, AIC=1717). Out of 16 paths, 12 were statistically significant. Daily hassles had the greatest impact on PMS in the adolescent girls in this model. In addition, PMS in adolescent girls was directly affected by menarche age, Body Mass Index (BMI), amount of menstruation, test anxiety, social support, menstrual attitude and femininity but not by academic stress. This model explained 27% of the variance in PMS in adolescent girls. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study suggest that nursing interventions to reduce PMS in adolescent girls should address their daily hassles, test anxiety, menstrual attitude and BMI. Also, social support from their parents, friends, and teachers needs to be increased.

A Predictive Model for Factors Influencing Sexual Satisfaction of Women with Diabetes Mellitus / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was propose and test a predictive model that could explain and predict factors influencing the sexual satisfaction of women with diabetes mellitus. METHOD: The conceptual frame for this study was formed as a hypothesized model based on Roy's adaptation model. Participants for this study were 240 out-patient women from P university hospital in Y city. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 19.0 program. RESULTS: The paths that had direct effects on sexual satisfaction, and were statistically significant were showing intimacy with spouse, and sexual function. The explanatory power of these variables for sexual satisfaction was 64%. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that it is necessary for enhancement of sexual satisfaction for women with diabetes to increase intimacy with husband, and that sexual function, frequency of exercise, adequate glycemic control be maintained, and depression decreased.

A Structural Model for Quality of Life of Infertile Women

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test a model for quality of life among infertile women. This model was based primarily on the concept of the Fertility Quality of Life by Boivin et al. (2011) and the Infertility Resilience Model by Rindenour (2009). METHODS: Fifteen measurable variables were used to estimate quality of life. They included endogenous variables such as fertility quality of life and resilience, and exogenous variables such as infertility related stress, depression, marital adjustment, and family support. Data sets (n=203) used for analysis were collected in a general hospital which had, on average, 400 assisted reproductive technologies per month. RESULTS: The assessment of the modified model indicated acceptable fit, with chi2/d.f=2.07, GFI=.90, AGFI=.89, NFI=.89, CFI=.91, RMSEA=.07. Depression, infertility related stress, marital adjustment, resilience, and family support had direct influences on quality of life. CONCLUSION: The results of this study should contribute to the development of nursing intervention programs to enhance quality of life using factors that affect fertiQol (fertility quality of life) of infertile women.

A Structural Model for Psychosocial Adjustment in Patients with Early Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: This study was done to propose a structural model to explain and predict psychosocial adjustment in patients with early breast cancer and to test the model. The model was based on the Stress-Coping Model of Lazarus and Folkman (1984). METHODS: Data were collected from February 18 to March 18, 2009. For data analysis, 198 data sets were analyzed using SPSS/WIN12 and AMOS 7.0 version. RESULTS: Social support, uncertainty, symptom experience, and coping had statistically significant direct, indirect and total effects on psychosocial adjustment, and optimism had significant indirect and total effects on psychosocial adjustment. These variables explained 57% of total variance of the psychosocial adjustment in patients with early breast cancer. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate a need to enhance psychosocial adjustment of patients with early breast cancer by providing detailed structured information and various symptom alleviation programs to reduce perceived stresses such as uncertainty and symptom experience. They also suggest the need to establish support systems through participation of medical personnel and families in such programs, and to apply interventions strengthening coping methods to give the patients positive and optimistic beliefs.

Structural Equation Modeling on Successful Aging in Elders: Focused on Selection, Optimization, Compensation Strategy

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct and test a structural equation modeling on specific domain health status and the Selection, Optimization, Compensation (SOC) strategy affecting successful aging in elderly people. METHODS: The model construction was based on the SOC model by Baltes and Baltes. Interviews were done with 201 elderly people aged 65 or older. Interview contents included demographics, functional health status, emotional health status, social health status, SOC strategies, and successful aging. Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0. RESULTS: Model fit indices for the modified model were GFI=.93, CFI=.94, and RMSEA=.07. Three out of 7 paths were found to have a significant effect on successful aging in this final model. Functional health status had a direct and positive effect on successful aging. Emotional health status influenced successful aging through SOC strategies. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that interventions for improving functional health status and for strengthening SOC strategies are critical for successful aging. Continuous development of a variety of successful aging programs using SOC strategy is suggested.

Un modelo explicativo del consumo de alcohol entre estudiantes de licenciatura / An Explanatory Model of Alcohol Consumption among College Students

El objetivo principal del estudio fue elaborar un modelo estructural del consumo estimado de bebidas alcohólicas entre estudiantes de licenciatura, el cual integrara los motivos para beber (Cooper, 1994), expectativas negativas y problemas, amigos bebedores, asistencia a fiestas y búsqueda de sensaciones (Earleywine y Finn, 1991). En una muestra de 138 estudiantes universitarios se elaboraron y/o adaptaron escalas para evaluar las variables mencionadas, y se validaron posteriormente mediante modelos de regresión múltiple. El modelo obtenido mostró que el consumo fue afectado directamente por la asistencia a fiestas y las expectativas negativas, e indirectamente por el afrontamiento, el mejoramiento-social y amigos bebedores; además, los problemas fueron afectados directamente por expectativas negativas, el consumo y fiestas. Finalmente, usando un modelo de clases latentes, se identificaron tres subgrupos de estudiantes con perfiles diferentes de consumo, expectativas negativas, amigos bebedores y motivos de mejoramiento-sociales.

The main purpose of the study was to develop a structural model of estimated consumption of alcoholic beverages among undergraduate students, which integrates the motives for drinking (Cooper, 1994), negative expectations and problems, drinking friends, attending parties and sensation seeking (Earleywine and Finn, 1991). In a sample of 138 college students were developed and / or adapted scales to assess these variables, and subsequently validated by multiple regression analysis. The model obtained showed that consumption was directly affected by attendance at parties and negative expectations, and indirectly by the coping, and social-enhancement and drinking friends, in addition, the problems were directly affected by negative expectations, consumption and parties. Moreover, using a latent class model, we identified three subgroups of students with different profiles of consumption, negative expectations, and motives for drinking friends and social-enhancement.

Relationship Between Status of Physical and Mental Function and Quality of Life Among the Elderly People Admitted from Long-Term Care Insurance / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the levels of quality of life (QOL) according to the grade of long-term care service for the elderly people who were admitted from long-term care insurance, and to reveal its association with the physical and mental functioning such as the Activity of Daily Living (ADL), the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version (MMSE-K). METHODS: The interviews were performed during the period from March 1 to May 31, 2009, for 958 elderly people in urban and rural areas. The questionnaire items included various indices such as the ADL, IADL, CES-D, and MMSE-K, as independent variables and the index of QOL, as the dependent ones. For statistical analysis, t-tests were used for the mean scores of QOL according to gender and the grade of long-term care services, and Spearman's correlation was used for each variable. The effects of physical and mental functioning for QOL were assessed by covariance structure analysis. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: The mean scores of QOL among all the subjects was 55.4 +/- 15.62 (Grade I: 49.7 +/- 14.17, Grade II: 56.8 +/- 14.62, Grade III: 59.4+/-16.36), and it was lower according to the higher grade of long-term care insurance. In terms of the correlation matrix of the QOL and the physical and mental function factors, the QOL showed positive correlation with the ADL, IADL and MMSE-K, while it had negative correlation with depression. On the analysis of covariance, mental functioning (depression and the MMSE-K) had a greater influence on the level of QOL than the physical functioning (ADL and IADL). CONCLUSIONS: The level of the QOL in the elderly people who were admitted from long-term care insurance was lower according to higher the grade of long-term care insurance. Also, the mental functioning (depression and MMSE-K) was more influential on the level of the QOL than the physical functioning (ADL and IADL).

Model Construction of Sexual Satisfaction in Patients with a Colostomy

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct and test the structural equation model on sexual satisfaction in patients with a colostomy. METHODS: The model construction was based upon Roy's adaptation model. Stoma-related discomfort (SRD), age, frequency of sexual intercourse, treatment modality, and gender affect sexual satisfaction and are mediated by physical, psychosocial, and interdependence modes. Each mode was conceptualized as sexual function, body image/depression, and marital intimacy. The patients were 112 colostomates with colorectal cancer who were asked to complete a mail-back survey on their demographic data, SRD, body image, depression, marital intimacy, sexual function, and sexual satisfaction. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 15.0 and AMOS WIN 7.0. RESULTS: Significant variables for sexual satisfaction in the final model were body image affected by SRD, depression affected by body image and SRD, marital intimacy affected by depression, and sexual function affected by marital intimacy. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that specific guidelines for SRD are necessary to improve sexual satisfaction among colostomates. Nurses should be vigilant in monitoring depression and body image disturbance, and providing appropriate interventions to increase marital intimacy. Treatment modality, gender, and age should be considered in developing education programs pertaining to sexuality.

Construction of Leisure Physical Activity Model of Middle-Aged Women in Urban Area / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to construct leisure physical activity model of middle-aged women in urban area. METHODS: Data were gathered by self-report questionnaire from 211 women aged between 41 and 59 years in urban community. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program and the model was constructed using the LISREL 8.54 program. RESULTS: Variables that have direct effects on leisure physical activity were health state, past leisure physical activity, social support, self-efficacy, and affect. Perceived leisure state and behavioral leisure attitude also influenced leisure physical activity in an indirect way. Perceived leisure state had a direct effect on self-efficacy. Behavioral leisure attitude, past leisure physical activity, and experience of exercise effect had significantly direct effects on affect CONCLUSION: It will provide basic information for developing strategies of programs to enhance leisure physical activity of middle-aged women in urban area.

Predictors of Allied Health Science Students' Exercise Behavior: An Application of Pender's Health Promotion Model / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was performed to examine predictors of allied health science students' exercise behavior using Pender's Health Promotion Model. METHOD: The subjects were 203 university students majoring in nursing, emergency medical service, and exercise prescription. The hypothetical model was based on the HPM(Pender, 1996). Exogenous variables of the model were exercise habit and role belief. Endogenous variables were exercise-related affect, exercise self-efficacy, exercise barrier, exercise intention, and exercise behavior. The data were analyzed by SAS PC program and LISREL 8.12 program. RESULT: The degree of exercise behavior was low(mean 1.86, range 1~4). The overall fit of the model to the data was acceptable. Exercise habit, exercise self-efficacy and exercise-related affect were significant predictors of exercise intention and exercise behavior. CONCLUSION: This study shows the necessity of the program to increase the level of exercise participation of university students majoring in allied health science. The model constructed in this study is applicable to explain exercise behavior of university students majoring in allied health science, and suggests that we should focus on exercise habit, exercise self- efficacy and exercise-related affect to increase the level of exercise behavior of this group.

Prediction Model on Mental Health Status in Middle-aged Women of an Urban Area / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining mental health status in middle - aged women. METHODS: The data was collected by self - reported questionnaires from 206 middle - aged women in Seoul. Data analysis was done with the SAS pc program for descriptive statistics and a PC - LISREL Program for finding the best fit model which assumes causal relationships among variables. RESULTS: The overall fit of the hypothetical model to the data was good, but paths and variables of the model were modified by considering theoretical implications and statistical significances of parameter estimates. Thus it was modified by excluding 3 paths. The modified model showed was good fit to the data(chi-square=177.55, p=.00), GFI=0.908, AGFI=0.860, RMR=0.013, NFI=0.972, NNFI=0.982). Perceived stress, anger expression method, and self -esteem were found to have direct effects on mental health status in middle - aged women. These predictive variables of mental health status explained 66.6% of the model. CONCLUSION: Programs to enhance mental health status in middle - aged women should include stress management skill, anger expression skill, and self -esteem enhancement skills to be effective.

Prediction on the Negative Outcomes of Anger in Female Adolescents / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents. METHOD: Data was collected by questionnaires from 199 female adolescents ina female high school in Seoul. Data analysis was done with SAS for descriptive statistics and a PC-LISREL Program for Covariance structural analysis. RESULT: The fit of the hypothetical model to the data was moderate, thus it was modified by excluding 7 paths and adding free parameters to it. The modified model withthe paths showed a good fit to the empirical data(x2 =5.62, p=.69, GFI=.99, AGFI=.97, NFI=.99, NNFI=1.01, RMSR=.02, RMSEA=.00). Trait anger, state anger, and psychosocial problems were found to have a significant direct effect on psychosomatic symptoms. State anger, psychosocial problems, and learning behaviorswere found to have direct effects on depression of female adolescents. CONCLUSION: The derived modelis considered appropriate for explaining and predicting negative outcomes of anger in female adolescents. Therefore, it can effectively be used as a reference model for further studies and is a suggested direction in nursing practice.