ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: El bienestar de una sociedad es un constructo considerado como multidimensional (componentes objetivos y subjetivos). La encuesta nacional de Bienestar Autorreportado (BIARE) se diseñó para evaluar el bienestar de la población mexicana. No obstante, no se ha explorado la estructura y relación que tienen los módulos (sub-escalas) para explicar el bienestar de los mexicanos. Así, el objetivo del estudio es explorar la estructura y relación que tienen los módulos en la encuesta BIARE, 2012 (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía [INEGI], 2012) mediante modelamiento estructural. Método: Se realizó análisis de datos secundarios de la base BIARE, la cual es aleatoria y representativa a nivel nacional. Participaron 10.654 ciudadanos con un rango de edad entre 18 y 70 años; 5.967 eran mujeres y 4.687 hombres. Resultados: Se encontraron tres modelos. En un primer modelo se concibió la variable latente Bienestar general asociada con variables empíricas Solvencia, Felicidad, Satisfacción y Autodeterminación. En un segundo modelo se proponen dos variables latentes: 1) Bienestar percibido, asociada a tres variables empíricas; a) Satisfacción con la vida, b) Autodeterminación y c) Felicidad; 2) Socio-cultura, relacionada también con tres variables empíricas: a) Altruismo, b) Cultivado y c) Relaciones virtuales. Un tercer modelo de trayectorias para variables latentes mostró ajustes satisfactorios que explican relaciones entre la variable Felicidad con Solvencia, Satisfacción y Autodeterminación, consecutivamente. Conclusiones: La información que se puede obtener del cuestionario BIARE es relevante para evaluar la percepción de los ciudadanos y el entorno inmediato, como la familia. Pero no permite una evaluación precisa sobre la contribución de los factores meso y macro-sociales en el bienestar de los mexicanos. Es necesario que BIARE integre un modelo multidimensional de bienestar.
Abstract Objective: The National Self-Reported Well-being Survey (BIARE) was designed to assess well-being in mexican population, considering well-being of a society as a multidimensional construct (objective and subjective components). However, the structure and relationship between modules (sub-scales) to explain mexican well-being has not been explored yet. Thus, this study aims to explore the structure and relationship among those sub-scales based on the BIARE survey 2012 (INEGI, 2012) through structural modeling. Method: BIARE, Secondary data analysis, which is random and representative of Mexican people was conducted; 10.654 citizens, who were between 18 and 70 years were sampled; 5.967 women and 4.687 men. Results: As a result, three models were found. In a first model, the latent variable related to general well-being associated with empirical variables such as: solvency, happiness, satisfaction and self-determination were considered. In a second model, two latent variables are proposed: 1) Perceived well-being, associated with three empirical variables as follows: a) life Satisfaction b) Self-determination and c) Happiness; 2) Socioculture, also related to three empirical variables, which are: a) Selflessness, b) Cultivated relationships and c) Virtual relationships. A third model of trajectories for latent variables showed adjustments that explain relations among variable Happiness with Solvency, Satisfaction and Self-determination. Conclusions: The information that can be obtained from BIARE questionnaire is relevant to evaluate citizens´s perception and immediate environment, like family. But it does not allow for an accurate assessment about contribution of meso and macro-social factors on mexican´s well-being. It is necessary that BIARE integrate a multidimensional model of well-being.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Personal Satisfaction , Adaptation, Psychological , Culture , Personal Autonomy , Social Factors , Models, Structural , Quality of Life , Family/psychology , Environment , Data Analysis , MexicoABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los efectos del locus de control y la morosidad sobre el ejercicio físico-deportivo en universitarios. Con las respuestas de una muestra no probabilística de 171 estudiantes, se construyeron, por análisis factorial confirmatorio, un modelo de locus de control y otro de morosidad. Adicionalmente, se probó un modelo de ejercicio físico-deportivo, a partir del análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, donde la morosidad afecta negativamente la práctica de ejercicio físico, los tres modelos poseen índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados. El estudiantado se ubicó en la etapa de preparación según el modelo transteórico de cambio de comportamiento (MTT). La conducta morosa explica 26% de la varianza del ejercicio físico.
Abstract The objective of this research project was to determine the effects of locus of control and procrastination on physical-sports exercise in university students. The answers from a non-probabilistic sample of 171 students were used to build both a locus of control and a procrastination model, through confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, a physical-sports exercise model was tested on the basis of the analysis of structural equations, in which procrastination negatively affects the practice of physical exercise. The three models feature adequate goodness of fit indexes. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change (TTM), the students were at the preparation stage. Procrastination behavior accounts for 26% of the variance in physical exercise.
Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar os efeitos do locus de controle e da morosidade sobre o exercício físico-esportivo em universitários. Com as respostas de uma amostra não probabilística de 171 estudantes, foram construídos, por análise fatorial confirmatória, um modelo de lócus de controle e outro de morosidade. Adicionalmente, um modelo de exercício físico-esportivo foi testado, a partir da análise de equações estruturais, na qual a morosidade afeta negativamente a prática de exercício físico. Os três modelos apresentam índices de bondade de ajuste adequados. Os estudantes se localizaram na etapa de preparação de acordo com o modelo transteórico de mudança comportamental (MTT). A conduta morosa explica 26% da variância do exercício físico.
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Objective To discuss the association between ADRB2 gene polymorphism of rs1042713, rs1042714 locus and susceptibility of childhood bronchial asthma and response to the treatment,and to understant the preliminary pathogenesis of asthma preliminary. Methods The oral epithelial cells of children in asthma case group from the outpatient or inpatients at the Zhengzhou Children′s Hospital (173 cases)and healthy control group (166 ca-ses)were collec-ted. The genotypes of ADRB2 gene encoding area rs1042713 locus and rs1042714 were tested by the mean of Taqman probe real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,and the difference was analyzed. The therapeutic effects between 2 groups were compared,and then the differences in the amino acid sequence and protein structure correspon-ding genotypes of ADRB2 genes were investigated by using bioinformatics analysis. Results There were statistical differences in genotype frequency and allele frequency of rs1042713 locus between asthma case group and healthy con-trol group(P = 0. 001,0. 000),but no difference at rs1042714 locus(P = 0. 159,0. 061). GG genotype of rs1042713 locus had significant differences in adjusting the drug dosage with AA,AG genotype patients(H = 12. 583,P = 0. 002), but the different genotype of rs1042714 locus had no significant differences in adjusting the drug dosage(H = 2. 696, P = 0. 260). The polymorphism of rs1042713 locus caused protein local structure changes,but the homologous protein structure of rs1042714 locus caused no changes. Conclusions ADRB2 gene polymorphism of rs1042713 locus is not only associated with the susceptibility of childhood bronchial asthma,but also has an effect on β2-receptor agonist treatment to a certain extent. But polymorphism of rs1042714 locus may not be associated with the susceptibility of asth-ma and the response to treatment. The reason may be different genotypes leading to different protein structures and bio-logical functions. The mechanism may be related to the structural and functional differences of protein structures corre-sponding to different genotypes.
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Objective To build a multi‐level hierarchical structure model of the influencing factors for hierarchical medical system ,to identify the role relationship between all the factors and transmission pathways ,and to recommend on developing China′s hierarchical medical system . Methods Thirty influencing factors were identified in a screening based on literature review for the hierarchical medical system .On such basis ,16 influencing factors were identified by three health policy experts ,which affect operations of the current system .Interpretative structural modeling was called into play in the end to analyze the hierarchy relationship between various influencing factors and the conduction loops .Results There exist among the 16 factors a 3‐level hierarchical structureand two conduction loops .The factor directly limiting the hierarchical medical system is two‐way referral,and most internal core drivers arehuman resources development and governance mechanism.By means of self‐growth and external constraints ,they exert their influence on the operation of hierarchical medical system .Conclusions There are interactive hierarchical effects among the factors ,merging into three node elements of functional role,inter‐entity relationshipand patient participation.
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A autoestima é o processo avaliativo do autoconceito e deve ser mensurada com instrumentos fdedignos e confáveis. Adicionalmente, a avaliação dessa característica vem sendo considerada uma ferramenta importante na identifcação e na prevenção de problemas psicológicos. Foi objetivo de este trabalho realizar de forma mais robusta, a partir da análise de modelo de equação estrutural efetuada no Amos a avaliação fatorial da escala de autoestima, elaborada por Rosenberg em diferentes amostras etárias de 12 a 20 anos. A amostra foi composta por 1864 sujeitos, onde 49% destes eram do sexo masculino e 51% feminino. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a escala de autoestima apresentou indicadores estatísticos que justifcam a sua consistência fatorial para amostra de jovens brasileiros, confrmando os dois fatores propostos: autoestima negativa e autoestima positiva. Considerando os indicadores estatísticos do modelo fatorial, estes, revelaram-se satisfatórios dentro dos intervalos que têm sido considerados como aceitáveis na literatura vigente.(AU)
The self-esteem is the evaluation process of self-concept and must be measured with real and reliable tools. Additionally, the evaluation of that characteristic has been considered an important implement in identifcation and in prevention of psychological problems. It was objective of this work to perform in more robust way, through Confrmatory Factor Analysis and an analysis of Structural Equation Modeling made based in Amos Graphics, the factorial structure of the scale of self-esteem, created by Rosenberg in different age line samples from 12 to 20 years. The sample was composed by 1864 subjects, where 49% of these were males and 51% were females. According results obtained in these analyses, the scale of Rosenberg presented statistical indicators that justify its factorial consistence for Brazilians teenagers These indicators corroborate suitability of structure of scale of self-esteem for the sample context analyzed composed by two factors: negative self-esteem and positive self-esteem. Considering the indicators they have proved satisfactoryinthe intervalswhich have beenconsideredacceptablein thecurrent literature.(AU)
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adolescent , Self Concept , Behavior and Behavior MechanismsABSTRACT
Se define la empatía como una respuesta afectiva origen evolutivo más adecuado de la situación de la que no sea el propio observador. En Brasil, algunas escalas de medición esta construcción, entre ellos, destacan la multidimensional Davis reactividad interpersonal, que tiene un cuerpo de teoría y operación muy organizada. En Brasil, esta escala fue adaptada y validada: un estudio exploratorio fijado en tres dimensiones y en otro estudio, de confirmación, se demostrara cuatro factores.Teniendo en cuenta los resultados de dos estudios que abordan las limitaciones psicométricas presentados en el estudio exploratorio, tenemos la intención de evaluar, a partir de un análisis del modelo estructural, si tres o cuatro factores son más apropiados para medir la empatía. 651 sujetos, hombres y mujeres, mayores de 17 y 27 años, mayor nivel educativo de los encuestados Escala Multidimensional de la reactividad interpersonal. Se observó indicadores psicométricos para garantizar la coherencia estructural de la escala de reactividad interpersonal medido cuatro factores para muestras brasileñas.
Define-se empatia como uma resposta afetiva de origem evolutiva mais apropriada à situação do outro do que à do próprio observador. No Brasil, algumas escalas mensuraram esse construto; dentre elas, destaca-se a escala multidimensional de reatividade interpessoal de Davis, por ter um corpo teórico e operacionalização bastante organizada. No Brasil, adaptou-se e validou-se esta escala: em um estudo exploratório estabeleceu três fatores e, em outro estudo, confirmatório, quatro fatores foram comprovados. Considerando os resultados dos dois estudos, especificamente, as limitações psicométricas apresentadas no estudo exploratório, pretende-se avaliar, a partir de uma análise de modelagem estrutural, se três ou quatros fatores são mais adequados para mensurar a empatia. 651 sujeitos, do sexo masculino e do sexo feminino, com idades de 17 e 27 anos, do nível educacional superior responderam a Escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal. Observaram-se indicadores psicométricos que garantiram a consistência estrutural da escala de reatividade interpessoal mensurada em quatro fatores para amostras brasileiras.
It is defined empathy as an effective response more appropriate evolutionary origin of the other's situation than that the observer himself. In Brazil, some scales measured this construct, among them, we highlight the multidimensional Davis interpersonal reactivity, having a body of theory and very organized operation. In Brazil, this scale was adapted and validated: an exploratory study set in three dimensions and in another study, confirmatory, four factors were proven. Considering the results of two studies addressing the psychometric limitations presented in the exploratory study, we intend to evaluate, from a structural modeling analysis, if three or four factors are more appropriate to measure empathy. 651 subjects, male and female, ages 17 and 27 years, higher educational level of respondents Multidimensional Scale of the Interpersonal Reactivity. It was observed psychometric indicators to ensure structural consistency of the interpersonal reactivity scale measured four factors to Brazilian samples.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Construction activity has made considerable breakthroughs in the past two decades on the back of increases in development activities, government policies, and public demand. At the same time, occupational health and safety issues have become a major concern to construction organizations. The unsatisfactory safety performance of the construction industry has always been highlighted since the safety management system is neglected area and not implemented systematically in Indian construction organizations. Due to a lack of enforcement of the applicable legislation, most of the construction organizations are forced to opt for the implementation of Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS) 18001 to improve safety performance. METHODS: In order to better understand factors influencing the implementation of OHSAS 18001, an interpretive structural modeling approach has been applied and the factors have been classified using matrice d'impacts croises-multiplication applique a un classement (MICMAC) analysis. The study proposes the underlying theoretical framework to identify factors and to help management of Indian construction organizations to understand the interaction among factors influencing in implementation of OHSAS 18001. RESULTS: Safety culture, continual improvement, morale of employees, and safety training have been identified as dependent variables. Safety performance, sustainable construction, and conducive working environment have been identified as linkage variables. Management commitment and safety policy have been identified as the driver variables. CONCLUSION: Management commitment has the maximum driving power and the most influential factor is safety policy, which states clearly the commitment of top management towards occupational safety and health.
Subject(s)
Construction Industry , Fibrinogen , Models, Structural , Morale , Occupational Health , Safety Management , United NationsABSTRACT
El análisis del desempeño escolar no se ha destacado por ser de interés para los investigadores en diversas áreas científicas. Aunque muchas variables sugieren algunas soluciones, aún es la participación de la familia (los padres) y la de la escuela (profesores), con sus compañeros normativos, factores importantes que infuyen en este trabajo. El presente estudio tiene por objeto evaluar, a partir de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, la influencia socio-normativa de los compañeros sobre otros indicadores de rendimiento escolar. 412 jóvenes, distribuidos en los niveles de primaria y secundaria, provenientes de escuelas de educación privada y pública en João Pessoa - PB contestaron el cuestionario destinado a evaluar la identidad de los jóvenes con sus pares socionormativos sobre los indicadores de rendimiento escolar. Desde el programa AMOS 7.0 graficos, los principales resultados indican que los pares socio-normativos explican satisfactoriamente los indicadores de rendimiento escolar, lo que demuestra cómo la familia y la escuela son útiles para predecir esta variable.
Discussions about scholar performance have earned interest of researchers in various scientific areas. Although many variables suggest some solutions, it is still highlighted a family involvement (parents) and a school (teachers) considered in this work with normative peers as an important factor of influence. This study aims to assess, from the structural equation modeling, the influence of socio-normative pairs on some indicators of scholar performance. 412 young people, also distributed in primary and middle school levels, of private and public education in João Pessoa-PB answered the Questionnaire evaluating of Identity with social-normative pairs and Indicators of school performance. From the program AMOS GRAFICS 7.0, the main results indicated that the social-normative pairs explain satisfactorily the indicators of scholar performance, how family and school are useful to predict these variables.
ABSTRACT
De forma general, la empatía puede ser comprendida como la capacidad de una persona en se colocar en el lugar del otro, capaz de inferir sus sentimientos y, con base en conocimiento adquirido en el proceso empático, responder afectivamente de forma más adecuada para la situación que el otro pasa. Recientes estudios en el Brasil ha validado y confirmaron la estructura trifactorial de la Escala Multidimensional de Reactividad Interpersonal (EMRI); con eso, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la consistencia estructural de la Escala EMRI en muestras de jóvenes de distintos contextos socioeducativos. 376 hombres y mujeres, de 17 y 33 años, de la secundaria de instituciones de educación pública y militar de la ciudad de João Pessoa-PB; han respondido la EMRI y a un cuestionario demográfico. Se observó que en la muestra total y, por separado, a de los jóvenes militares y civiles, la escala presentó indicadores psicométricos que han garantido la estructura trifactorial, la cual, ya encontrada por otros autores brasileños. Estos resultados señalan, conceptual y empíricamente, la consistencia de la EMRI, Independiente de la diversidad muestral. Aún se ha constatado que los jóvenes civiles presentaran medias superiores a la de los jóvenes militares en la consideración empática y angustia personal, pero, en la tomada de perspectiva, el resultado se invirtió.
In general, empathy can be understood as the ability of a person to put yourself in the other's sight, able to infer their feelings and, based on knowledge acquired in the empathic process, respond affectively more adequately to the situation that the other is going through. Recent studies in Brazil validated and confirmed the factorial structure of the Interpersonal Reactivity Multidimensional Scale (IRMS), with this, this study aims to evaluate the structural consistency of the IRMS Scale in a sample of young people from different socio-scholars contexts. 376 men and women of 17 to 33 years of a public and military high school educational institution of the city of João Pessoa, answered to the IRMS and a demographic questionnaire. It was observed that the total sample and, separately, for the young soldiers and civilians, the psychometric scale showed indicators that ensured the factorial structure, which as found by other Brazilian authors. These results show, both conceptually and empirically, the consistency of IRMS, regardless of the sample diversity. It was still found that young civilians had higher means for the young soldiers into empathetic consideration and personal anguish, but in perspective taking, the result was reversed.
De forma geral, a empatia pode ser compreendida como a capacidade de uma pessoa em se colocar no lugar do outro, capaz de inferir seus sentimentos e, com base no conhecimento adquirido no processo empático, responder afetivamente de forma mais adequada para a situação que o outro está passando. Recentes estudos no Brasil validaram e confirmaram a estrutura trifatorial da Escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal (EMRI); com isso, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a consistência estrutural da Escala EMRI em amostra de jovens de diferentes contextos sócio-escolares. 376 homens e mulheres, de 17 e 33 anos, do ensino médio de instituição de ensino pública e militar da cidade de João Pessoa-PB; responderam a EMRI e a um questionário demográfico. Observou-se que na amostra total e, separadamente, para a dos jovens militares e civis, a escala apresentou indicadores psicométricos que garantiram a estrutura trifatorial, a qual, já encontrada por outros autores brasileiros. Esses resultados apontam, conceitual e empiricamente, a consistência da EMRI, independente da diversidade amostral. Ainda se constatou que os jovens civis apresentaram médias superiores à dos jovens militares na consideração empática e angustia pessoal, mas, na tomada de perspectiva, o resultado se inverteu.
ABSTRACT
Quinientos cincuenta y cuatro niños de población general, de 8 a 12 años, respondieron a la Escala de Ansiedad para Niños de Spence en español (SCAS), al ITA-UNAM, que mide ansiedad y al CES-D, que mide depresión. Se investigó si se confirmaba el modelo estructural de la SCAS hallado por Spence. Mediante análisis confirmatorio, se probaron dos modelos: uno de 38 ítems y otro de 32 ítems, ambos con 6 factores relacionados, englobados bajo un factor de orden superior de ansiedad general. El modelo de 38 ítems se ajustó razonablemente, confirmando el encontrado por Spence. Pero, el modelo de 32 ítems ajustó mejor. Ambos coinciden con los trastornos de ansiedad más comunes clasificados por el DSM-IV-R. Los análisis psicométricos adicionales refuerzan la validez de constructo de la SCAS y muestran una consistencia interna aceptable.
Five hundred and fifty four school children, 8 to 12 years of age, completed the Spanish version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), the ITA-UNAM, which measures anxiety in children, and the CES-D measuring depression. The study investigated the structural model of the SCAS found by Spence. Two models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis: one 38-item and a second 32-item model, both involving 6 related first-order factors loading in a higher-order factor. The 38-item model provided a reasonably good fit, confirming the one reported by Spence. However, the second model provided the best fit of the data. Both models coincide with the most common anxiety disorders classified by the DSM-IV-TR. Further psychometric analyses reinforced construct validity of the SCAS and showed acceptable internal consistency.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among the health concern, health practice and health status of Koreans. This study utilized the data from Korean individuals(1,304 male and 1,495 females), whose ages were between 20 and 59. The data were analyzed using SAS version 6.04 and LISREL version 7.13. The analytic methods for the study were chi-square analysis and covariance structural analysis. The results of the study were as follows. (1) There were significant positive relationships between health concern level and health practice index, and between health practice index and self-perceived health status. (2)There were negative relationships between practice index and chronic illness, and between health practice index and acute illness only in female. (3) Based on the findings, the structural model of the health concern, health practice, health status and socioeconomic variables was established and then the covariance structural analysis was used. The higher educational level and economic status were, the higher the health concern was. And urban residents were much more concerned with their health than rural residents. The more persons were concerned with health, the more they did health practices. And the more the health practice was, the higher the health status was. The younger the persons were and the higher the health status of one's family was, the higher the health status was. In female, the higher the economic status was, the higher the health status was.