Automatic determination of mandibular landmarks based on three-dimensional mandibular average model / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore an efficient and automatic method for determining the anatomical landmarks of three-dimensional(3D) mandibular data, and to preliminarily evaluate the performance of the method.@*METHODS@#The CT data of 40 patients with normal craniofacial morphology were collected (among them, 30 cases were used to establish the 3D mandibular average model, and 10 cases were used as test datasets to validate the performance of this method in determining the mandibular landmarks), and the 3D mandibular data were reconstructed in Mimics software. Among the 40 cases of mandibular data after the 3D reconstruction, 30 cases that were more similar to the mean value of Chinese mandibular features were selected, and the size of the mandibular data of 30 cases was normalized based on the Procrustes analysis algorithm in MATLAB software. Then, in the Geomagic Wrap software, the 3D mandibular average shape model of the above 30 mandibular data was constructed. Through symmetry processing, curvature sampling, index marking and other processing procedures, a 3D mandible structured template with 18 996 semi-landmarks and 19 indexed mandibular anatomical landmarks were constructed. The open source non-rigid registration algorithm program Meshmonk was used to match the 3D mandible template constructed above with the tested patient's 3D mandible data through non-rigid deformation, and 19 anatomical landmark positions of the patient's 3D mandible data were obtained. The accuracy of the research method was evaluated by comparing the distance error of the landmarks manually marked by stomatological experts with the landmarks marked by the method of this research.@*RESULTS@#The method of this study was applied to the data of 10 patients with normal mandibular morphology. The average distance error of 19 landmarks was 1.42 mm, of which the minimum errors were the apex of the coracoid process [right: (1.01±0.44) mm; left: (0.56±0.14) mm] and maximum errors were the anterior edge of the lowest point of anterior ramus [right: (2.52±0.95) mm; left: (2.57±1.10) mm], the average distance error of the midline landmarks was (1.15±0.60) mm, and the average distance error of the bilateral landmarks was (1.51±0.67) mm.@*CONCLUSION@#The automatic determination method of 3D mandibular anatomical landmarks based on 3D mandibular average shape model and non-rigid registration algorithm established in this study can effectively improve the efficiency of automatic labeling of 3D mandibular data features. The automatic determination of anatomical landmarks can basically meet the needs of oral clinical applications, and the labeling effect of deformed mandible data needs to be further tested.

Inversion of traditional gender roles and intimate partner violence against pregnant women / Inversão de papéis tradicionais de gênero e violência por parceiros íntimos contra gestantes / Inversión de los roles tradicionales de género y violencia doméstica contra mujeres embarazadas

This study analyzed the association between the inversion of traditional gender roles and exclusive psychological and physical/sexual intimate partner violence, in a cross-sectional study of Brazilian pregnant women, identified through prenatal services in the municipalities of São Luís, Maranhão State (n = 992) and Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State (n = 943). The pregnant women ranged from 12 to 45 years. Inversion of traditional gender roles was assessed by calculating differences in age, education and occupation between pregnant women and their co-residing intimate partners and identifying the largest contribution to family income. The conceptual model was tested with structural equation modeling and showed acceptable fit. The prevalence of any type of intimate partner violence was 29.8% in São Luís and 20.1% in Ribeirão Preto. In both municipalities, pregnant women were more likely to suffer exclusive psychological and physical/sexual violence when they had the highest income in the family (p < 0.005). In São Luís, physical/sexual violence was more common among women who were better educated than their partners (standardized coefficient, SC = -0.466; p = 0.007). In Ribeirão Preto, exclusive psychological violence was more frequent among women who had lower status occupations than their partners (SC = 0.236; p = 0.004). Inversion of traditional gender roles is associated with exclusive psychological and physical/sexual violence against pregnant women by their co-residing intimate partners. These findings suggest that women's empowerment at an individual level does not necessarily relieve them of intimate partner abuse in social contexts where traditional gender norms persist.

O estudo analisou a associação entre a inversão de papéis tradicionais de gênero e violência psicológica exclusiva e física/sexual por parceiros íntimos, em um estudo transversal com gestantes brasileiras usuárias de serviços de pré-natal nos municípios de São Luís, Maranhão (n = 992) e Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo (n = 943). As gestantes tinham idades de 12 e 45 anos. A inversão dos papéis tradicionais de gênero foi avaliada cálculando diferenças em idade, escolaridade e ocupação entre as gestantes e seus parceiros íntimos residentes, e a pessoa que mais contribuía para a renda familiar. O modelo conceitual foi testado com modelagem de equações estruturais e mostrou ajuste aceitável. A prevalência de qualquer tipo de violência cometida pelo parceiro íntimo foi de 29,8% em São Luís e 20,1% em Ribeirão Preto. Nos dois municípios, as gestantes mais frequentemente sofreram violência psicológica exclusiva e física/sexual quando eram a pessoa de maior renda na família (p < 0,005). Em São Luís, violência física/sexual era mais comum entre mulheres com mais escolaridade em relação aos seus parceiros (coeficiente padrão, CP = -0,466; p = 0,007). Em Ribeirão Preto, violência psicológica exclusiva era mais frequente entre mulheres com ocupações de menor status em relação aos parceiros (CP = 0,236; p = 0,004). A inversão dos papéis de gênero tradicionais está associada à violência psicológica exclusiva e à violência física/sexual contra as gestantes por seus parceiros íntimos. Os achados sugerem que o empoderamento individual das mulheres não necessariamente protege contra o abuso pelos parceiros íntimos em contextos sociais em que persistem as normas de gênero tradicionais.

Este estudio analizó la asociación entre la inversión de los tradicionales roles de género y la violencia doméstica exclusiva psicológica y física/sexual, en un estudio transversal con mujeres embarazadas brasileñas, identificadas a través de los servicios prenatales en los municipios de São Luís, Maranhão (n = 992) y Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo (n = 943). Las mujeres embarazas se encontraban en un rango de edad entre los 12 y los 45 años. La inversión de los roles tradicionales de género fue evaluada calculando las diferencias de edad, educación y ocupación entre las mujeres embarazadas y las parejas que residen con ellas, e identificando quién realiza la contribución más grande a los ingresos familiares. El modelo conceptual fue probado con el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales, y mostró un ajuste aceptable. La prevalencia de cualquier tipo de violencia por parte de la pareja fue del 29,8% en São Luís y 20,1% en Ribeirão Preto. En ambos municipios, las mujeres embarazadas fueron más proclives a sufrir violencia exclusiva psicológica y física/sexual, cuando contaban con los ingresos más altos en la familia (p < 0.005). En São Luís, la violencia física/sexual fue más común entre mujeres que estuvieron mejor educadas que sus parejas (coeficiente estandarizado, CE = -0.466; p = 0.007). En Ribeirão Preto, la violencia exclusiva sicológica fue más frecuente entre mujeres que tenían ocupaciones de estatus inferior al de sus parejas (CE = 0.236; p = 0.004). La inversión de roles tradicionales está asociada con la violencia exclusiva psicológica y física/sexual contra las mujeres embarazadas por parte de las parejas que residen con ellas. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el empoderamiento de las mujeres en un nivel individual no las alivia necesariamente del abuso por parte sus parejas en contextos sociales donde persisten las normas tradicionales de género.

Testing a Model to Predict Problem Gambling in Speculative Game Users

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to develop and test a model for predicting problem gambling in speculative game users based on Blaszczynski and Nower's pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. METHODS: The participants were 262 speculative game users recruited from seven speculative gambling places located in Seoul, Gangwon, and Gyeonggi, Korea. They completed a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of problem gambling, negative emotions, attentional impulsivity, motor impulsivity, non-planning impulsivity, gambler's fallacy, and gambling self-efficacy. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized model and to examine the direct and indirect effects on problem gambling in speculative game users using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs. RESULTS: The hypothetical research model provided a reasonable fit to the data. Negative emotions, motor impulsivity, gambler's fallacy, and gambling self-efficacy had direct effects on problem gambling in speculative game users, while indirect effects were reported for negative emotions, motor impulsivity, and gambler's fallacy. These predictors explained 75.2% problem gambling in speculative game users. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that developing intervention programs to reduce negative emotions, motor impulsivity, and gambler's fallacy, and to increase gambling self-efficacy in speculative game users are needed to prevent their problem gambling.

Testing an Explanatory Model for Preventing College Students' Problem Gambling

PURPOSE: A mediated model of Korean college students' problem gambling based on Blaszczynski and Nower's pathway model is developed and tested to explore mediating roles of self-control and irrational gambling beliefs in the association between emotionally vulnerable variables and problem gambling. METHODS: 273 student participants recruited from 4 universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi, Korea responded. Data were collected with a structured self-report questionnaire comprising measures of problem gambling, depression, anxiety, coping styles, irrational gambling belief, and self-control. RESULTS: The modified research model provides a reasonable fit to the data. Depression, anxiety, reflective coping, irrational beliefs, and self-control turned out to have direct effects on problem gambling, while indirect effects were reported in some suppressive and reactive styles. These predictors account for 38% of the college students' problem gambling. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that developing intervention programs for reducing depression, anxiety, irrational gambling beliefs, and increasing reflective coping and self-control are needed to prevent Korean college students' problem gambling.

A Structural Model for Premenstrual Coping in University Students: Based on Biopsychosocial Model

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains premenstrual coping in university students and to test the fitness with collected data. METHODS: Participants were 206 unmarried women university students from 3 universities in A and B cities. Data were collected from March 29 until April 30, 2016 using self-report structured questionnaires and were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: Physiological factor was identified as a significant predictor of premenstrual syndrome (t=6.45, p<.001). This model explained 22.1% of the variance in premenstrual syndrome. Psychological factors (t=-2.49, p=.013) and premenstrual syndrome (t=8.17, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of premenstrual coping. Also this model explained 30.9% of the variance in premenstrual coping in university students. A physiological factors directly influenced premenstrual syndrome (β=.41, p=.012). Premenstrual syndrome (β=.55, p=.005) and physiological factor (β=.23, p=.015) had significant total effects on premenstrual coping. Physiological factor did not have a direct influence on premenstrual coping, but indirectly affected it (β=.22, p=.007). Psychological factors did not have an indirect or total effect on premenstrual coping, but directly affected it (β=-.17, p=.036). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that strategies to control physiological factors such as menstrual pain should be helpful to improve premenstrual syndrome symptoms. When developing a program to improve premenstrual coping ability and quality of menstrual related health, it is important to consider psychological factors including perceived stress and menstrual attitude and premenstrual syndrome.

Modelos de ecuaciones estructurales: Características, fases, construcción, aplicación y resultados / Structural equation modeling: Features, phases, construction, implementation and results

Se exponen las características y fases de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, así como las etapas de construcción, siendo estas la especificación, identificación, estimación de parámetros, evaluación del ajuste, reespecificación del modelo y la interpretación de resultados. Se presenta el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio como parte para la construcción de un modelo. Se detallan algunos paquetes computacionales como el LISREL, AMOS y SPSS. A modo de ejemplificar los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, se realiza un estudio en la población docente de tiempo completo del departamento de ingeniería Industrial y Manufactura de una universidad pública de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. Se estudia el impacto de los factores socioculturales y ergoambientales en la satisfacción laboral, obteniendo un modelo resultante en el que se detallan las variables más y menos significativas. No se rechazan las cuatro hipótesis cuyos valores son 0,06, 0,06, 0,071, 0,074, respectivamente.

The characteristics and phases of structural equation modeling and construction phases, and these are the specification, identification, parameter estimation, assessment of adjustment, re-specification of the model and the interpretation of results are shown. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis as part for the construction of a model is presented. Some software packages like LISREL, AMOS and SPSS are detailed. By way of illustrating the structural equation modeling, a study was performed on the population of full-time faculty of the Department of Industrial Engineering and Manufacturing of a public university in Ciudad juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The impact of sociocultural and ergoambientales factors in getting a job satisfaction resulting model in which more and less significant variables detailed studied. The four scenarios whose values are 0,06, 0,06, 0,071, 0,074 respectively can not refuse.

Relación Entre las Estrategias de Manejo del Conflicto y la Percepción de la Violencia Situacional en la Pareja / The Relationship Between Strategies for Conflict Management and the Perception of Situational Violence in Couples / Relação Entre as Estratégias de Administração do Conflito e a Percepção da Violência Situacional no Casal

Se buscó determinar si las estrategias de manejo del conflicto influyen en la violencia situacional en la pareja. A una muestra de 342 participantes se le aplicó la Escala de Estrategias de Manejo de Conflicto y la Escala de Violencia en la Pareja. Los resultados indicaron que los hombres muestran mayor afecto, tiempo y acomodación que las mujeres ante los conflictos de pareja; sin embargo, ellas perciben más violencia física y económica, así como mayor intimidación y humillación/devaluación. Un modelo estructural para el análisis de los datos mostró que la violencia fue predicha por las dimensiones de las estrategias de manejo del conflicto de evitación, tiempo, afecto, acomodación y reflexión/comunicación.

The objective of this study was to determine whether conflict management strategies influence situational violence in couples. The Conflict Management Strategies Scale and the Violence in Couples Scale were used with a sample of 342 participants. Results indicated that men show greater affection, time, and accommodation than women in cases of conflict; whereas women perceived greater physical and economic violence, as well as more intimidation and humiliation/devaluation. An structural equation model for data analysis showed that violence was predicted by the conflict management dimensions of avoidance, time, affection, accommodation, and reflection/communication.

Pretendeu-se determinar se as estratégias de manejo de conflito influenciam na violência situacional no casal. A uma amostra de 342 participantes, foi aplicada a Escala de Estratégia de Administração de Conflito e a Escala de Violência no Casal. Os resultados indicaram que os homens mostram maior afeto, tempo e acomodação que as mulheres ante os conflitos do casal; contudo, elas percebem mais violência física e econômica, bem como maior intimidação e humilhação/desvalorização. Um modelo estrutural para a análise dos dados mostrou que a violência foi prevista pelas dimensões das estratégias de administração do conflito de evitação, tempo, afeto, acomodação e reflexão/comunicação.

Modelos Explicativos del Uso del Condón en las Relaciones Sexuales de Adolescentes / Explanatory Models of Condom Use in Coital Sex of Adolescents

El presente estudio tuvo como propósitos investigar sistemáticamente los factores actitudinales e interpersonales que inciden en el uso del condón en las relaciones sexuales coitales entre estudiantes de bachillerato, así como elaborar modelos estructurales que muestren las interrelaciones y los efectos directos e indirectos de dichos factores sobre la frecuencia del uso del condón. Participaron 527 adolescentes quienes reportaron haber tenido relaciones sexuales alguna vez en la vida. Se usó un cuestionario que mide prácticas sexuales y frecuencia del uso del condón durante los encuentros sexuales, así como 80 preguntas de tipo ordinal divididas en cinco factores: 1) asertividad sexual, 2) sumisión sexual, 3) baja percepción de riesgo sexual, 4) enamoramiento y 5) aceptación del uso del condón. Con el uso de ecuaciones estructurales, se trazaron modelos de trayectorias con los factores obtenidos y la frecuencia de uso de condón. Los modelos estructurales para hombres y para mujeres muestran niveles aceptables de ajuste a los datos así como efectos directos significativos entre todas las variables, específicamente se reporta el efecto directo de las variables de aceptación del uso del condón y asertividad sexual sobre la frecuencia del uso del condón. Estos resultados amplían las posibilidades de explicación e intervención psicosocial sobre la conducta sexual de riesgo entre adolescentes.

The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the attitudinal and interpersonal factors that influence condom use in coital sex between high school students and to develop structural models that show the interrelationships and the direct and indirect effects of these factors on frequency of condom use. Participants were 527 adolescents who reported having consensual sex at least once in life. For this matter a questionnaire measuring frequency of sex and condom use during sexual encounters was used, also 80 ordinal questions divided into five factors: 1) sexual assertiveness, 2) sexual submission, 3) low sexual risk perception, 4) infatuation and 5) acceptance of condom use. Using structural equations trajectories and frequency of condom use were drawn. Structural models for men and women show acceptable levels of fitness to the data as well as significant direct effects between all the variables, specifically direct effect of variables acceptance on condom use and sexual assertiveness on the frequency of preservative use. These results extend the possibilities of explanation and psychosocial intervention on sexual risk behavior among adolescents.

Developing a Prediction Model for Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: In this study an exploration was done of the quality of lives of patients with schizophrenia in South Korea and factors related to quality of life, and to develop a model that predicts the quality of their lives. METHODS: The participants were 225 patients with schizophrenia, aged 18 and above, residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Province. Collected data was analyzed using SAS 9.3 and AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: Social support and psychological well-being were the two factors that most affected the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Symptoms, empowerment, and internalized stigma were not found to influence the quality of the patients' lives. However, symptoms, social support, empowerment, internalized stigma affected the patients' psychological well-being, and psychological well-being was identified as an influential variable for quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, symptoms, social support, empowerment, and internalized stigma are influential to the patients' quality of lives through psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia should be examined through the variable of psychological well-being as many variables related to the patients' quality of life affect psychological well-being.

A Structural Model for Primiparas' Breastfeeding Behavior

PURPOSE: The study was done to construct and test a structural model to explain primipara breastfeeding behavior. METHODS: The participants were 213 primiparas on postpartum wards. Data were analyzed using the PASW 18.0 and AMOS 19.0 programs. RESULTS: Fitness statistics for the hypothetical model were appropriate (chi2 =38.50, p=.070, GFI=.96, RMSEA=.05, AGFI=.93, NFI=.95, TLI=.97, CFI=.98, PNFI=.57, chi2/df=1.43). Breastfeeding behaviors were directly influenced by intention to breastfeed, perceived effectiveness of breastfeeding, and the amount of supplementary feeding. The amount of supplementary feeding had the largest direct impact on breastfeeding behavior. The largest total effect on breastfeeding behavior was intention to breastfeed. The environment of the maternity hospital indirectly influenced breastfeeding behavior. These factors explained 18.9% of variance in the primipara breastfeeding behavior. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that in order to promote primipara breastfeeding the amount of supplementary feeding immediately after the birth should be limited and an environment that encourages exclusive breastfeeding in the hospital should be provided. The results also suggest it is necessary to provide nursing interventions that increase the intention to breastfeed and the perceived effectiveness of breastfeeding.

Relationships of Factors Affecting Self-care Compliance in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify direct and indirect factors influencing self-care compliance in patients with first acute coronary syndrome through examining the relationship among multidimensional factors. METHODS: Outpatients who made hospital visits to receive a follow-up care at more than 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention were recruited at a national university hospital in Korea. Data of 430 participants were collected through self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using AMOS version 7.0. The fitness of the hypothetical model and the degree of significance of direct and indirect paths were analyzed. RESULTS: Three paths were found to have a significant effect on self-care compliance in the modified model. Social support indirectly influenced self-care compliance through enhancing self-efficacy, reducing anxiety and increasing perceived benefit. In addition, social support and body function indirectly influenced self-care compliance through reducing depression which affected self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was the most influential factor and played an important role as a mediating variable. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that nurses' counselling and education as a form of social support should be encouraged to enhance self-efficacy and self-care compliance among outpatients during follow-up care after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Análisis factorial confirmatorio de los principales modelos propuestos para el Purpose-In-Life Test en una muestra de universitarios españoles / Confirmatory factor analysis of the main models proposed for the Purpose-In-Life Test in a sample of Spanish undergraduates / Análise fatorial confirmatório dos principais modelos propostos para o Purpose-In-Life Test em uma mostra de universitários espanhóis

En los últimos años varios trabajos han analizado la estructura factorial del Purpose-In-Life Test, instrumento que mide el logro de sentido de la vida desde los planteamientos de la logoterapia, con resultados muy heterogéneos. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en poner a prueba distintos modelos propuestos en la literatura anterior, con una muestra de 766 alumnos de dos universidades de la Comunidad Valenciana (España), de los que 220 son hombres y 546 son mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 36 años (M = 21.96; DT = 3.56). Se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios de dichos modelos y se compararon los valores de ajuste y las estructuras factoriales obtenidas, encontrando apoyo empírico para tres modelos bifactoriales.

In recent years several papers have examined the structure of the Purpose-In-Life Test, which measures the achievement of meaning in life from the approach of logotherapy, having found heterogeneous results. The aim of this study was to test different models proposed in previous literature with a sample of 766 Spanish undergraduates (220 males, 546 females) from two universities of the Valencia Community (Spain), aged between 18 and 36 (M = 21.96; SD = 3.56). Confirmatory factor analysis of these models was conducted. The adjustment values and the factorial structures obtained were compared, finding empirical support for three bi-factorial models.

Nos últimos anos vários trabalhos analisaram a estrutura fatorial do Purpose-In-Life Test, instrumento que mede o sucesso do sentido da vida desde as propostas da logoterapia, havendo sido obtidos resultados muito heterogêneos. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em testar diferentes modelos propostos na literatura anterior, com uma mostra de 766 alunos de duas universidades da Comunidade Valenciana (Espanha), dos quais 220 são homens e 546 são mulheres, com idades compreendidas entre 18 e 36 anos (M = 21.96; DT = 3.56). Realizaram-se análises fatoriais confirmatórias desses modelos e foram comparados os valores de ajuste e as estruturas fatoriais obtidas, encontrando apoio empírico para três modelos bifatoriais.

Comparing Body Image and Risky Eating Behavior between Mexican and German Women / Comparando Imagen Corporal y Conducta Alimentaria de Riesgo entre Mujeres Mexicanas y Alemanas

Background. Body dissatisfaction is regarded as a powerful risk factor for dietary restraint and bulimic behavior among women. Objective. To compare Mexican and German women's body image and eating risk factors by developing structural models to find similarities or differences between the two samples. Participants. The non-random sample of N = 404 (Mexican: 175; German: 229) medical and nursing students (total Mage = 20.6, SD = 0.86) answered standardized scales (EAT and EDI) and a culture-free 10-silhouette scale on body dissatisfaction. Hypothesis. The main hypothesis proposed that Mexican women will show a stronger relationship between body dissatisfaction and restrained diet than the German women will. Results.The findings confirmed this hypothesis by showing that in the relationship dissatisfaction-dieting, the Mexican group obtained the highest values of the correlation and determination coefficients, compared to the German group. Discussion.Mexican women underestimated their body size, and it could be that body size underestimation lessens social pressure. It is concluded that whether this may be seen as a contradictory result or as a cognitive-defensive strategy in order to minimize the pressure experienced must be decided with further investigation.

Antecedentes. La insatisfacción corporal es un poderoso factor de riesgo para dieta restringida y conducta bulímica en mujeres. Objetivo. Comparar imagen corporal y conducta alimentaria de riesgo en mujeres mexicanas y alemanas mediante el desarrollo de modelos estructurales detectando al mismo tiempo similitudes y diferencias. Participantes. La muestra no aleatoria de N = 404 estudiantes de medicina y enfermería (175 mexicanas y 229 alemanas) con una Media total = 20.6 años (DE = 0.86) respondió a escalas estandarizadas (EAT y EDI) y a una escala de insatisfacción corporal de 10- siluetas libre de influencia cultural. Hipótesis. Las mexicanas mostrarán una relación más fuerte entre insatisfacción corporal y dieta restringida que las alemanas. Resultados. Los hallazgos confirman la hipótesis, mostrando que el grupo mexicano obtuvo los coeficientes (de correlación y de determinación) más altos en la relación insatisfacción-dieta. Discusión. Las mexicanas subestiman el tamaño de su cuerpo y se asume que dicha subestimación podría tener como propósito disminuir la presión social. Se concluye que si esto puede interpretarse como un resultado contradictorio o como una estrategia cognitivo defensiva para minimizar la presión experimentada debe decidirse con nuevas investigaciones.