ABSTRACT
A evasão do Ensino Superior traz implicações para os estudantes e para as universidades, e a identificação das variáveis associadas ao abandono possibilita desenvolver ações que reduzam sua ocorrência. Este estudo analisa os impactos diretos e mediados da autoeficácia, do rendimento, sexo, idade, recebimento de bolsas de auxílio social e ingresso em curso de opção preferencial na evasão. Os dados foram coletados com 346 universitários por meio de um Questionário Socioeconômico, da Escala de Autoeficácia na Formação Superior, além de informações documentais, e foram analisados pelo software AMOS. Os resultados identificaram que ser mulher e manifestar autoeficácia elevada associam-se a melhores desempenhos acadêmicos, os quais relacionam-se a riscos menores de evasão. Também se verificou que ser mulher e frequentar o curso de opção preferencial diminui as chances de abandono. Tais resultados reforçam o peso de variáveis pessoais, psicológicas, acadêmicas e de carreira na evasão e sugerem caminhos para intervenções que promovam a permanência dos estudantes.
La deserción de la enseñanza universitaria trae implicaciones a los estudiantes y a las universidades, y la identificación de las variables asociadas a la deserción posibilita desarrollar acciones que disminuyan su ocurrencia. En este estudio se analiza los impactos directos y mediados de la autoeficacia, del rendimiento, sexo, edad, recibimiento de becas de ayuda social e ingreso en curso de opción preferencial en la deserción. Los datos se recolectados con 346 universitarios por intermedio de un Cuestionario Socioeconómico, de la Escala de Autoeficacia en la Formación Universitaria, además de informaciones documentales, y se analizaron por el software AMOS. Los resultados identificaron que ser mujer y manifestar autoeficacia elevada se asocian a mejores desempeños académicos, los cuales, se relacionan a riesgos menores de abandono. También se verificó que ser mujer y frecuentar el curso de opción preferencial disminuye las oportunidades de abandono. Tales resultados refuerzan el peso de variables personales, psicológicas, académicas y de carrera en la deserción y sugieren caminos para intervenciones que promuevan la permanencia de los estudiantes.
Dropping out of Higher Education has implications for students and universities, and the identification of variables associated with dropout makes it possible to develop actions that reduce its occurrence. This study analyzes the direct and mediated impacts of self-efficacy, income, sex, age, receipt of social assistance grants and entry into a preferred option course in evasion. Data were collected from 346 university students through a Socioeconomic Questionnaire, the Self-Efficacy Scale in Higher Education, in addition to documentary information, and were analyzed using the AMOS software. The results identified that being a woman and manifesting high self-efficacy are associated with better academic performance, which are related to lower risks of dropping out. It was also found that being a woman and attending the preferred option course decreases the chances of dropping out. Such results reinforce the weight of personal, psychological, academic and career variables in dropout and suggest ways for interventions that promote student permanence.
Subject(s)
Student Dropouts , Students , Self Efficacy , Academic PerformanceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in out-of-school youths (OSYs) may be influenced by alcohol use, but there is a lack of evidence explaining how PTSS affect alcohol use problems in OSYs. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships among PTSS, quality of life, and alcohol use in OSYs. METHODS: In total, 125 OSYs (46.4% male) in South Korea completed the Korean Version of the Child Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), the KIDSCREEN-27 Quality of Life Measure for Children and Adolescents, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption. RESULTS: Mean CROPS score was 18.7 (SD=11.6); 37.6% were problem drinkers. Quality of life in the domain of parent relations and autonomy significantly mediated the relationship between PTSS and alcohol use problems. OSYs with high parental satisfaction and autonomy were less likely to have alcohol use problems even with PTSS. CONCLUSION: Family assessments and therapeutic approaches are needed for OSYs with both PTSS and alcohol use problems.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Alcohol Drinking , Korea , Parents , Quality of Life , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic , Student DropoutsABSTRACT
RESUMO: Este artigo analisa a situação acadêmica e o significado das experiências de retenção e evasão na perspectiva de estudantes e professores do curso noturno de Odontologia, criado a partir do REUNI, em uma universidade federal no Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de estudo de caso, predominantemente qualitativo, realizado pela análise documental da situação acadêmica de estudantes (2010-2014) e por entrevistas semiestruturadas com estudantes e professores (n=24). Dos 121 estudantes, 49 estavam em situação de retenção, especialmente por reprovação, e 24 evadiram do curso. A partir da análise das entrevistas, emergiram cinco categorias de significado de retenção e evasão: chegada e adaptação à universidade, conciliação trabalho-estudo, vivências em sala de aula, avaliação da aprendizagem e papel da instituição de ensino na permanência dos estudantes. Ações que contemplem as percepções de gestores, professores e estudantes devem ser consideradas para promover o sucesso acadêmico e a permanência dos estudantes no curso até sua conclusão
ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the academic situation and the meaning of retention/dropout experiences from a student/professor perspective at a Dentistry-evening course created by REUNI at a Federal University in South of Brazil. This case study is qualitative in essence and was performed based on documental analysis of academic status of students between 2010 to 2014 and by structured interviews with students and teachers (n=24). The survey has involved 121 students and has indicated 49 students were on retention and 24 dropped out the course. Five categories have emerged from interviews: the arrival and adaptation to higher education; the imbalance between job vs school; the experiences of students at classroom; evaluation of the learning process; and the role of the Institution in the permanence of students in the Dentistry-evening course. Actions including the opinion of managers, of teachers and students are essential in order to achieve the academic success and the maintenance of students until the accomplishment of the course.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: el abandono y rezago en los programas de educación superior en Colombia y el mundo constituyen un problema de gran magnitud que afecta alrededor del 50% de estudiantes y conlleva un alto impacto personal, social y económico. Materiales y métodos: describir las características de la deserción estudiantil en el programa de medicina de la Universidad del Rosario y las variables asociadas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de las cohortes que ingresaron en los dos periodos académicos de 2003 y de la información académica de las cohortes de estudiantes registrados en el programa entre los años 2003 y 2008. Los datos se analizaron desde las perspectivas longitudinal y transversal. Resultados: la desvinculación definitiva total en las cohortes que ingresaron en los dos periodos académicos de 2003 fue de 47% y 36%, la desvinculación temporal fue de 29% y 36%, y obtuvieron el grado en el tiempo previsto el 22% y 19% de los estudiantes, respectivamente. La desvinculación promedio en cada periodo académico entre 2003 y 2008 fue 7,1%. La principal explicación para la deserción fue de índole académica. Discusión: los porcentajes de deserción y el rezago académico en el currículo tradicional de medicina entre 2003 y 2008 fueron altos, similares a los de la educación superior en Colombia. Entre la complejidad que caracteriza este fenómeno, las estrategias pedagógicas y los aspectos académicos y curriculares parecen desempeñar un papel preponderante. Esta cohorte histórica y sus indicadores de deserción servirán de base de comparación para el nuevo currículo del programa de Medicina recientemente instaurado.
Introduction: Dropout and graduation delay in higher education programs are a major problem worldwide, therefore also in Colombia, where it affects about 50% of the students, a fact that produces a high personal, social and economic impact. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the dropout and graduation delay of Medical School students at the El Rosario University, and its associated variables. Materials and methods: A retrospective, descriptive study of the two cohorts admitted in 2003 and of the academic information of students enrolled during the years 2003 through 2008 was performed. Data were analyzed from longitudinal and transversal perspectives. Results: Longitudinal analysis showed that both cohorts admitted in 2003 had a dropout rate of 47% and 36%, graduation delay of 29% and 36%; and 22% and 19% of the students, respectively, obtained their degree in the expected time. The mean dropout per academic period between 2003 and 2008 was 7.1%. The main reazon for dropout was academic failure. Discussion: The dropout and graduation delay rates in the traditional curriculum of the Medical School between 2003 and 2008 were high, similar to those found in higher education in Colombia. Among the complexity that characterizes this phenomenon, teaching strategies and academic and curricular aspects seem to play a major role. This historical cohort and the associated dropout indicators will serve as a basis for comparison for the new curriculum of the Medical School program recently established.
Introdução: O abandono e atraso nos cursos de educação superior na Colômbia e no mundo constituem um problema de grande magnitude que afeta cerca do 50% de estudantes e leva um alto impacto pessoal, social e económico. Materiais e métodos: Descrever as características da deserção estudantil no curso de medicina da Universidad del Rosario e as variáveis associadas ao mesmo. Se realizou um estudo descritivo retrospectivo das coortes que ingressaram nos dois períodos acadêmicos do 2003 e da informação acadêmica das coortes de estudantes registrados no curso entre os anos 2003 e 2008. Os dados se analisaram desde as perspectivas longitudinal e transversal. Resultados: A desvinculação definitiva total nas coortes que ingressaram nos dois períodos acadêmicos de 2003 foi de 47% e 36%, a desvinculação temporal foi de 29% e 36%, e obtiveram o grau no tempo previsto o 22% e 19% dos estudantes respetivamente. A desvinculação média em cada período acadêmico entre 2003 e 2008 foi 7,1%. A principal explicação para a deserção foi de índole acadêmica. Discussão: as percentagens de deserção e o atraso acadêmico no currículo tradicional de medicina entre 2003 e 2008 foram altos, similares aos da educação superior na Colômbia. Entre a complexidade que caracteriza este fenômeno, as estratégias pedagógicas e os aspetos acadêmicos e curriculares parecem desempenhar um papel preponderante. Esta coorte histórica e seus indicadores de deserção servirão de base de comparação para o novo currículo do programa de Medicina recentemente instaurado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Student Dropouts , Students, Medical , Colombia , Curriculum , Academic FailureABSTRACT
Se realizó una revisión sistemática para precisar las características del estrés académico que incide en la salud mental de la población universitaria. Para ello, se examinaron publicaciones recientes sobre estrés académico, deserción estudiantil y estrategias de retención. A lo largo de este texto, se presentan los resultados de la revisión en términos de las definiciones de estrés académico, deserción estudiantil y estrategias de retención. Así mismo, se examinan los modelos interpretativos de la deserción estudiantil y se hace una aproximación a las estrategias de retención en la educación superior. Se reseñan experiencias de retención de algunos países del exterior. Con respecto a Colombia se presentan los aspectos relacionados con la deserción estudiantil y los programas de retención, desde el punto de vista del Ministerio de Educación Nacional y desde la experiencia de algunas universidades con programas consolidados.(AU)
A systematic review was performed to specify the characteristics of academic stress that affect the mental health of the university population. To do this, recent publications regarding academic stress, student desertion, and retention strategies were examined. Throughout this text, we present the results of the review in terms of the definitions of academic stress, student desertion, and retention strategies. In the same way, we examine the interpretative models with regard to student desertion and approach retention strategies in higher education. We also review retention experiences of several other countries. In terms of Colombia, we present aspects related to student desertion and retention programs from the point of view of the National Ministry of Education and from the experience of some universities with consolidated programs.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Student Dropouts/psychology , Student Health Services , Mental Health/trends , Psychological Distress , ColombiaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Limited educational and job opportunities for youth has led to a phenomenon termed NEET (not in education, employment or training). The objective is to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, substance use and suicidal behavior in youth classified as NEET and to compare with those who study only, work only or do both. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 3 005 12-to-17 year-olds in Mexico City were evaluated in 2005 with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses considered the multistage weighted sample design. RESULTS: NEET youth as well as those who work only or study and work simultaneously have greater odds of psychiatric disorder, substance use and suicidal behavior compared to those who study exclusively even after controlling for social disadvantage. CONCLUSION: Vulnerability is not circumscribed to NEET adolescents, but to all teens who are not exclusive students. Supporting youth to continue studying exclusively may buffer negative mental health outcomes.
OBJETIVO: Oportunidades educativas y laborales limitadas para los jóvenes han dado lugar al fenómeno de adolescentes que no estudian ni trabajan (NINIs). El objetivo es estimar la prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos, consumo de sustancias y conducta suicida en adolescentes NINIs y compararlos con adolescentes que estudian exclusivamente, trabajan exclusivamente y quienes estudian y trabajan. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: 3 005 adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años de edad fueron evaluados en 2005 con la Entrevista Internacional Psiquiátrica Compuesta en una encuesta multietápica, estraficada y representativa del Distrito Federal y municipios conurbados. RESULTADOS: Los NINIs, quienes trabajan, y quienes estudian y trabajan tienen mayor riesgo de trastornos psiquiátricos, consumo de sustancias y conducta suicida en comparación con aquellos que estudian exclusivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: La vulnerabilidad no se circunscribe a los NINIs sino a todos los que no son estudiantes exclusivamente. Apoyar a los jóvenes para que estudien podría beneficiar su salud mental.