Relationship Between Stress Level, Fatigue Symptoms, and Sleep Quality with Oral Health Behavior among Preclinical Student Faculty of Pharmacy, Indonesia

Objective: To determine the association of the stress level, fatigue symptoms, and sleep quality with oral health behavior of preclinical pharmacy students. Material and Methods: Observational analytic study surveyed the students of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Hasanuddin University. From the total 205 sample of pharmacy students, 77 students drawn from the 2017 year of study, 68 students from the 2016 year of study, and 60 students from the 2015 year of study. The study consisted of 4 questionnaires, which are Perceived Stress Scale, Fatigue Assessment Scale, Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire and questions that assess oral health behaviors reported per individual. Data were collected and analyzed statistically using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The percentage of oral health behaviors in terms of the frequency of tooth brushing, use of dental floss, use of tongue cleaner and use of mouthwash increase as the year of study. In contrast to the percentage of stress level, awakening difficulties symptoms, sleep disturbance symptoms, daytime sleepiness symptoms and fatigue symptoms tended to decrease according to the year of study. Significant associations found among students who are under stress with the frequency of dental floss (p<0.05). However, no significant association was found between the fatigue symptoms, awakening difficulties symptoms, sleep disturbance symptoms, and daytime sleepiness symptoms with oral health behavior (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is an association between stress levels with the use of dental floss.

Levantamento dos cursos de farmácia do sul do Brasil que oferecem disciplina de radiofármacos (ou similar) / Colleges of pharmacy in southern Brazil providing disciplines of radiopharmaceuticals

A radiofarmácia é a área da ciência responsável pelas substâncias radioativas utilizadas na terapia ou diagnóstico médico. Entre os profissionais que atuam nesta área, destaca-se o farmacêutico, que possui a responsabilidade técnica das empresas produtoras deste tipo de fármaco. Devido à importância deste profissional, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a grade curricular dos cursos de farmácia de instituições de ensino superior - IES do sul do Brasil (Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul), somente aquelas certificadas pelo Ministério da Educação - e-MEC, com vistas a identificar quais instituições oferecem disciplina especifica e/ou similar de radiofármacos. As grades curriculares foram obtidas via internet através do site de cada instituição. Das cinquenta e seis IES consultadas, apenas cinco oferecem uma disciplina específica na sua grade curricular que aborda a aplicação da radioatividade na área farmacêutica, sendo elas o Centro Universitário Metodista, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná e Universidade Federal do Paraná. Não foram avaliadas as ementas, pois não estavam disponíveis online. Dentre estas apenas três IES apresentaram carga horária mínima de 40 horas, que possibilita o registro do profissional pela Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) sem a necessidade de prestar o exame obrigatório realizado pela CNEN.

Radiopharmacy is an essential and integral part of nuclear medicine. Preparation of reactive substances has to be carried out by competent professionals, who must be able to demonstrate knowledge of all areas of the specialty. Given the responsibilities of the pharmacist, this study aimed at analyzing the curriculum of the college of pharmacy at Universities of the Southern Brazil offering the discipline of radiopharmacy (or similar). The curriculum of pharmacy institutions in Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, certified by the Ministry of Education site (e-MEC) was obtained from the website of each institution and evaluated. From the 56 universities found, only five have a specific discipline of radioactivity in the pharmaceutical area in their curriculum. They are Methodist University, Federal University of Pelotas, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, PUC-Paraná and Federal University of Paraná. Only three institutions presented 40 hours of lessons, the minimum required to the registration of the professional by the National Commission of Nuclear Energy.

Dental Knowledge and Self-reported Oral Care Practices Among Medical, Pharmacy and Nursing Students / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the level of dental knowledge among senior medical, pharmacy and nursing students of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, and to determine self-reported practices of oral care. Students were invited to complete a set of questionnaires on knowledge related to causes, prevention, signs and treatment of dental caries and periodontal disease; and practices related to oral hygiene and dental visits. A total of 206 questionnaire forms were distributed. 204 forms were returned complete (response rate = 99%). Dental knowledge scores ranged from 0 (no correct answer given) to 16 (gave all correct answers). The mean knowledge scores between the groups were statistically different (p < 0.05): pharmacy students scored highest (mean = 12.29, 95% CI 11.44, 13.14) followed by the medical students (mean = 12.02, 95% CI 11.33, 12.71) and nursing students (mean = 10.83, 95% CI 10.40, 11.26). Areas that had lowest knowledge scores were signs and treatment of gum disease. With regard to oral care practices, majority cited that they brushed teeth at least twice a day (94.6%) and used toothbrush and toothpaste (97.5%). Not many (21.8%) used dental floss and about half (54.2%) reported visiting the dentist more than twelve months ago. Reasons for dental visits included getting check-ups (64.6%), restorations (45.6%) and emergency care such as extractions (24.0%). In general students had at least a moderate level of dental knowledge but demonstrated poor knowledge in some areas. While most reported good oral hygiene habits, behaviour related to dental visits need to be improved. Findings suggest a need for inclusion of oral health education in the medical, pharmacy and nursing curriculum.

Valores Humanos en los Estudiantes de Ciencias Farmacéuticas / Human values in students of pharmaceutical sciences

Se realizó un análisis sobre el comportamiento de algunos valores humanos en los estudiantes de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, los más relevantes en estos estudiantes fueron el realismo y la humildad. Los menos presentes en ellos fueron la creatividad y la autonomía. Se analizaron las causas que condicionan la poca presencia de estos últimos en el estudiantado, las que se clasificaron en cuatro aspectos fundamentales: la personalidad, la escuela, el entorno familiar y el entorno social.

It was carried out an analysis on the behavior of some human values in the students of Pharmaceutical Sciences, being the most excellent in these students, the realism and the humility. The less present ones in them were the creativity and the autonomy. The causes were analyzed that condition the little presence of these last ones in the student body, being classified in four fundamental aspects: the personality, the school, the family environment and the social environment.