Prevalence of fatigue and consumption of energy drinks consumption among nursing students studying part-time

Background: Professional nurses who study part-time are faced with demanding tasks, demanding routine, having to cope with their studies and family commitments. Some nurses try different tactics to cope with their demanding tasks, such as the consumption of energy drinks, to alleviate tiredness and fatigue. Although these energy drinks can alleviate fatigue and boost their energy levels, they have adverse effects to their health such as migraines, insomnia, seizures, arrhythmias and other cardiovascular complications. Aim: To determine the health effects of energy drinks among nurses studying part-time. Setting: Selected university in the Gauteng province, South Africa. Methods: Descriptive, quantitative method that was contextual in nature was used. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a conveniently sampled population to determine the health effects of the use of energy drinks. Data analysis were done by means of descriptive statistics using the Statistical package for Social Sciences version 26. Results: Findings indicated that nurses studying part-time experience fatigue (n = 86; 49%). To alleviate fatigue (n = 91; 52%), they use energy drinks. Conclusion: Use of energy drinks is prevalent among the nurses because of fatigue caused by studying while working. To reduce the use of energy drinks, the participants need study leave and to be supported by their families and employers. Contribution: The study encourages reduction or prevent the use of energy drinks by nurses who work and study part-time. Participants must use time management as a coping mechanism.

Study on correlation between bone marrow edema and osteoporosis in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore relationship between bone marrow edema(BME) and osteoporosis in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis.@*METHODS@#Unmatched case-control study was conducted. Totally 160 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis who had undergone knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bone mineral density examination (BMD) from January 2020 to March 2021 were included. Eighty patients complicated with BME were included in BME group, and 80 patients without BME were selected as NBME group. In BME group, there were 12 males and 68 females, aged from 51 to 80 years old with an average of(66.58±8.10) years old;the courses of disease ranged from 5 to 40 months with an average of (15.61±9.25) months;body mass index(BMI) ranged from 21.81 to 34.70 with an average of (27.79±3.00) kg·m-2;25 patients classified to grade Ⅲ and 55 patients grade Ⅳ according to Kellgren- Lawrence(K-L). In NBME group, there were 15 males and 65 females, aged from 50 to 80 years old with an average of(67.82±8.05) years old;the course of disease ranged from 6 to 37 months with an average of(15.75±8.18) months;BMI ranged from 21.39 to 34.46 with an average of (28.26±3.13) kg·m-2;25 patients were K-L Ⅲ and 55 patients with K-L Ⅳ. The degree of bone marrow edema was evaluated by knee whole oragan magnetic resonance imaging score(WORMS). Osteoporosis was diagnosed and BMD was evaluated by DXA T value. To explore the relationship between bone marrow edema and osteoporosis by comparing prevalence rate of osteoporosis between two groups, and to further explore relationship between BME and BMD by Spearman correlation analysis of BME WORMS score and DXA T value in BME group.@*RESULTS@#The complete case data were obtained on the first diagnosis, and there was no significant difference in sex, age, courses of disease and BMI between two groups (P>0.05). The proportion of K-L Ⅳ in BME group was significantly higher than that in NBME (P<0.05). The prevalence rate of osteoporosis in BME group was significantly higher than in NBME group with the same K-L grade (P<0.001), and there was a strong negative correlation between BME WORMS score and DXA BMD T value (r=-0.812, |r|=0.812 >0.8, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Osteoporosis is one of the risk factors of bone marrow edema in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis, and the lower the bone mineral density is, the easier it is to be complicated with bone marrow edema.

Development and Psychometric Analysis of the Brief Inventory of Academic Procrastination / Construção e Análise Psicométrica de um Inventário Breve de Procrastinação Acadêmica / Desarollo y Análisis Psicométrico del Inventario Breve de la Procrastinación Académica

Abstract Academic procrastination is characterized by the non-strategic postponement of commitments, implying a delay in starting or completing actions or decisions related to academic activities. This article describes the construction and psychometric analysis of a new self-report tool for the assessment of a broad spectrum of latent academic procrastination. Participants were 172 students from different undergraduate courses of a university in São Paulo (mean age = 23.66; standard deviation = 6.61; 68% women). Factor analyses conducted on an initial 60-item pool yielded a unidimensional 20-item set, with items loading from moderate to high in a general factor of academic procrastination. Reliability found for the scale was .91 according to the alpha coefficient, and .93 according to omega, with a wide latent coverage, as suggested by the test information curve. The resulting instrument is available for research purposes in Brazil, and can be included in questionnaires of large-scale education assessments.

Resumo Procrastinação acadêmica caracteriza-se pelo adiamento não estratégico de compromissos, o que implica protelar o início ou a conclusão de ações ou decisões relacionadas às atividades acadêmicas. O estudo descreve a construção de uma nova ferramenta de autorrelato com a finalidade de avaliar um amplo espectro latente de procrastinação acadêmica. Os participantes foram 172 estudantes universitários de diversos cursos de graduação de uma universidade do interior de São Paulo (média de idade = 23,66; desvio-padrão = 6,61; 68% mulheres). Análises fatoriais exploratórias permitiram selecionar 20 itens (de 60 iniciais) criados com base nas definições do construto presentes na literatura, que apresentaram cargas de magnitude moderada a alta em um fator geral de procrastinação. A fidedignidade encontrada para a escala foi de 0,91 pelo coeficiente alpha e 0,93 pelo coeficiente ômega, havendo uma ampla cobertura latente, como sugerido a partir da curva de informação do teste. O instrumento é recomendado para pesquisas no Brasil, podendo ser incluído em questionários contextuais em estudos de avaliação educacional em larga escala.

Resumen La procrastinación académica se caracteriza por el aplazamiento no estratégico de compromisos, lo que implica retrasar el inicio o la conclusión de acciones o decisiones relacionadas con las actividades académicas. Esto estudio describe la construcción de una nueva herramienta de autorrelación con la finalidad de evaluar un amplio espectro latente de procrastinación académica. Los participantes fueron 172 estudiantes universitarios de diversos cursos de graduación de una universidad del interior de São Paulo (media de edad = 23.66, desviación estándar = 6.61, 68% mujeres). Los análisis factoriales exploratorios permitieron seleccionar 20 ítems (de 60 iniciales) creados con base en las definiciones del constructo presentes en la literatura, que presentaron cargas de magnitud moderada a alta en un factor general de procrastinación. La confiabilidad encontrada para la escala fue de 0.91 por el coeficiente alfa, y 0.93 por el coeficiente omega, habiendo una amplia cobertura latente, como sugerido a partir de la curva de información de la prueba. El instrumento es recomendado para investigaciones en Brasil, pudiendo ser incluido en cuestionarios contextuales en estudios de evaluación educativa a gran escala.

Effects of long-term studying abroad on scientific research ability of clinical doctors / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To analyze whether studying abroad has any influence on clinicians′scientific research ability, and study the rationality of the indicators reflecting the scientific research ability. Methods A total of 36 clinicians who studied abroad more than 3 months between 2008 and 2010 were selected as the abroad group, and the control group of 36 clinicians was selected from the clinician information database of the hospital by the method of Propensity Score Match.A comparison and analysis were made regarding the number of papers(SCI), grants and scientific and technological achievements between the two groups. Meanwhile, covariance analysis was used to compare the difference in the number of scientific research achievements between the two groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the changes in scientific research achievements of clinicians before and after their abroad study. Results The number of articles( SCI) published and grants obtained in the 3 years after going abroad was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the number of grants obtained in the 4-6 years after going abroad was also significantly higher than that in the control group.The number of papers(SCI)published in the three years after going abroad was more than that in the 3 years before going abroad.The number of grants obtained in the 4-6 years after going abroad was more than that in the 3 years before going abroad.These differences were statistically significant. Conclusions Studying abroad has a beneficial effect on the improvement of clinicians′ scientific research ability. It is reasonable and practical to take the number of SCI articles published as the indicator of short-term changes and the number of funds obtained as the indicator of long-term changes in scientific research ability.

Teaching reform of medical literature retrieval course for foreign students studying in China and its implementation / 中华医学图书情报杂志

After a description of the basic situation of medical literature retrieval course for foreign undergraduates studying in Sun Yat-sen University, the problems in their teaching contents and teaching methods were pointed out with measures proposed for improving the teaching of their medical literature retrieval course.

Discussion on training of study ability of professional English literature for medical engineering graduate students / 中国医学装备

Objective: To study the method for improving reading ability of professional English literature medical engineering graduate students. Methods:Combinations of teaching practice, find out the problems in reading literature, and proposes the solution. Results:Put forward specific proposals for improving the ability in English literature retrieval, literature reading, literature review etc. Conclusion: English literature studying ability is the basis for scientific research of graduate students. Only mastering correct method can improve literature studying ability.

“МОНОС” ДЭЭД СУРГУУЛИЙН ОЮУТНЫ СУРЛАГЫН ЧАНАРТ ХИЙСЭН СУДАЛГАА / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction: Competitiveness is inseparable linked to the quality of teaching in higher education. Therefore, the higher education institutions in many countries around the world to improve international competitiveness in education and special programs to strengthen and develop and implement a successful education policy. Between 1992 and 2012, the number of higher education institutions has increased rapidly in Mongolia. At this time seventeen institutions of higher education increased to 74, and 72 percent has private universities. By 2012, the total number of students increased to 175128, of which 88.7% are enrolled in a bachelor’s degree. In health science, 17575 medical students, of which 16169 are enrolled bachelor’s degree. When we discuss about educational service issues, It is important to consider enrollment, teaching and alumni. To determine the applicant’s quality, it is measured mainly by the university of enrollment examination score of high school, which is measuring the school’s reputation and quality. In recent years, the number of universities or institutes are increased, the number of secondary school graduates were decreased, According to government policy, the strategy is expected to reduce the number of private and state universities or institutes. It shows that it is necessary to study the competitiveness of “Monos” institutes. The purpose of this study is analyzing the student’s learning quality who is studying in “Monos” institute and determining between their general enrollment examination scores and grade point average (GPA) relationship. Materials and Methods: In this survey, included 2010 - 2014 academic year general enrollment examination score and GPA of students learning pharmacist specialty in bachelor degree, used these documents performed mathematical statistical methods using Microsoft excel and SPSS-16 software. Result: It shows a comparison GPA and general enrollment examination score of “Monos” institute’s students which is including from second year’s to fifth year’s. The students GPA and general enrollment examination score has a correlation as measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient which means statistically significant dependence. Second year student’s correlation of GPA and general enrollment examination score (r = 0.3, p = 0.01), junior’s (r = 0.3, p = 0.02), fourth year students (r = 0.3, p = 0.09), senior’s (r = 0.3, p = 0.01). Conclusion: 1. The sophomore to senior year students GPA and the relationship between the general enrollment examinations has been considered Pearson correlation coefficients are statistically significant correlations, directly related to. 2. When we compare a general enrollment examination score, students who have above 500 points are possessing 69% for senior’s, fourth year students are possessing 70%, junior’s 89% and second year students are possessing 97%. In summary, applicants quality have improved in recent years, and so high general enrollment exam scored students must be accepted by Universities and Institutes . 3. To compare between second year student’s GPA to senior student‘s, starting to require professional basic lessons in the second year’s, student’s GPA is decreased. Key word: Studying quality, GPA, General enrollment examination

Individual teaching methods in the training of advanced studying doctors specialized in gastroenterology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Advanced studying doctors play important roles in the clinical services, and how to train them to improve training quality is worth investigating. We classified them into three types such as the clinical skills-improved, the special skills-trained and clinical knowledge eextensively-spread, then employed the individual teaching methods and emphasized the medical ethics during the training, which is not only beneficial to us, but also of great importance and necessity to advanced studying doctors themselves.

Relationship among college freshmen's anxious status in testing and studying behaviors and studying result / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To understand the relationship among junior college students' anxious status in testing and studying behaviors and studying result. Methods TAS anxiety scale was used for the evaluation of anxious status, and data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results Statistical significance was observed among different specialties. Sex, socioeconomic status and living environment did not affect TAS score. The higher the anxious status was, the worse the studying results will be. The anxious status was associated with some studying behaviors. Conclusions Anxiety was correlated with specialities and studying behaviors, and affected studying result.

Estratégias de aprendizagem e desempenho acadêmico: evidências de validade / Learning strategies and academic performance: validity evidences

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a validade fatorial de uma escala de estratégias de aprendizagem, bem como explorar sua validade concorrente em relação ao desempenho acadêmico de estudantes. Participaram 815 crianças do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas dos Estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. A Escala de Estratégias de Aprendizagem foi aplicada coletivamente. Para a operacionalização dos objetivos, recorreu-se à análise fatorial exploratória. Os alphas de Cronbach do instrumento e das três subescalas revelaram índices aceitáveis de consistência interna. A análise de variância apontou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o desempenho acadêmico e a pontuação na escala. Os dados foram discutidos em termos de suas possíveis implicações para a área de avaliação psicoeducacional.

The purpose of the present study was to verify the factorial validity of a learning strategy scale as well as to explore the concurrent validity of the instrument in regard to students´ academic achievement. The sample was composed of 815 basic education children from both public and private schools of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The Learning Strategy Scale was collectively applied. Exploratory factorial analyses were conducted to achieve the purposes of the study. The alphas of Cronbach of the instrument and of its three subscales showed good reliability. Variance analyses showed significant differences between school achievement and punctuation in the scale. The data were discussed in terms of their possible implications for the psycho-educational evaluation area.

The practice and progress of self-directed learning of advanced studying doctors in neonatology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Self-directed learning(SDL)is an important learning form for the future educational development and the continued medical education.SDL facilitates the learning effects of advanced studying doctors in neonatology.This article investigates the major developments and influencing factors relative to self directed learning,and provides insight into the practice and progress of self directed learning of the advanced studying doctors in neonatology.

On Teaching Reformation of Advanced Studying Doctors Specialized in Obstetrics and Gynecology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Aiming at some problems existing in the cultivation of advanced studying doctors,we think that strict selection should be made to guide advanced studying doctors to have correct understanding of their specialty and systemic training to improve the training quality.

Study and Enlightenment of the Setup of the Optional Subjects for Medical Students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to promote the optional subjects' function in perfecting knowledge structure and developing students'personalities,through analyses of the results of 830 classmates' selection of optional subjects,we know in detail the contents,objective and the factors for which students hope to increase and select optional subjects.Thus suggestions for enhancing the construction and management of optional subjects have been put forward: transforming conception,nailing down the study purpose,increasing optional subjects and establishing the leading teachers' system of optional subjects.

Investigation and Study of Selection of the Optional Subjects in Medical Students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to promote the optional subjects' function in perfecting knowledge construction and developing the character of the students,through analyses of the results of 670 classmates’selection of optional subjects,we know in detail what kind of optional subjects students like and need.Therefore based on how to organize teaching and manage optional subjects we bring up the suggestions for enhancing the optional subjects ' development and management:setting students as the center and increasing optional subjects,establishing the leading teacher's system,reforming teaching method,enriching teaching means,and strengthening the management of the examination of optional subjects.

The Tutorial System Doesn't Help 1st-Year Students Develop Interests and Proper Attitudes for Studying / 医学教育

We have previously reported that tutorials help medical students develop analytical ability, which is necessary for problem-solving. In this study we analyzed students' assessments of tutorials, results of term-end examinations, and posttutorial questionnaires to determine whether tutorials help students develop interests and proper attitudes for studying. The results suggest that our tutorials are not sufficient for medical students to develop interests and proper attitudes for studying.

Enfoques de Estudo de Alunos de Medicina

Resumo: Examina-se que falares afetam o enfoque de aprendizagem de alunos de Medicina, mediante a aplicação do Inventário de Enfoques de Estudo desenvolvido por Entwistle e colegas, o qual identifica três orientações de estudo: significativa, reprodutiva e estratégica. Uma versão abreviada do Inventário foi administrada a alunos de Medicina no início do terceiro semestre e no decorrer do quinto semestre do curso. Foram obtidos dados de características dos estudantes, da avaliação inicial do curso e do rendimento acadêmico no semestre da iniciação clínica, e medidas suas relações com os escores de orientação de estudo. Os resultados revelam que a escala de orientação significativa mostra escores mais elevados que as demais, diferencia grupos (segundo sexo e nível de motivação), apresenta associação significante com a escala de orientação estratégica e com medidas de avaliação do curso e de rendimento acadêmico, e tem estabilidade moderada. As implicações dos achados são comentadas. O perfil de orientação de estudo fornecido pelo Inventário utilizado pode ser útil para monitorar as dimensões de variação do enfoque de aprendizagem adotado por estudantes nos diversos contextos do ensino médico.

Summary: Which learning approach is predominant among medical students? This article addresses the question by the use of the Approaches to Studying Inventory (ASI), developed by Entwistle et al. This questionnaire identifies three study orientations: meaning, reproductive, and strategic. A short version of ASI was administered to medical students at the start of the third term and during the fifth term of the medical program. Student descriptors and measures of course evaluation and student assessments were also obtained. The results show that the scale of meaning orientation has moderate stability and higher scores than the others. The scale differentiates between groups by sex and level of motivation and shows significant association with strategic orientation and measures of course evaluation and academic achievement. ln conclusion, the study orientation profile derived from ASI may be useful for monitoring the dimensions of variation of the learning approaches adopted by students in the different contexts of their medical education.

The visiting report of Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelfia / 医学教育

We third-year medical students visited Thomas Jefferson University during the last spring vacation. We attended classes and received clinical practical training with American medical students for three weeks. In classes the students learn actively through discussions, and for three days a week they study cases through small group discussions. In the clinical clerkship they actively participate in patient care and the learning of clinical reasoning rather than just diagnosis is emphasized. This 3-week visit gave us a great opportunity to reconsider not only ourselves but also the Japanese systems for medical care and education.

A Report on a Clinical Clerkship Program at an American Medical School: How Can We Motivate Medical Students? / 医学教育

For 4 weeks I took part in a clinical clerkship program at Thomas Jefferson University in the United States. This opportunity gave me important experiences in medicine and medical education. The goal of studying medicine abroad while one is a medical student is to be “ motivating ”. Medical students in the United States are given the great responsibility of participate in patient care as part of a treatment team. This seems to be what motivates medical students.

Consideration on Going Out of"Clinical Education"Hardship / 中国医学伦理学

Clinical teaching and studying is suffering increasing hardship.This article analysises the present condition of clinical education problems and causes,and researches whether patients are obliged to coorperate clinical teaching and studying when they protect their rights.It also researches how to practice clinical teaching and studying in educational hospital and looks for effective pathway to go out of the clinical education problem.