ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The stylomastoid foramen is located on the inferior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone between the base of the styloid process and mastoid processes. Through the stylomastoid foramen the facial nerve completes its intracranial part. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphometric parameters, shape and position of the stylomastoid foramen on the skulls in Serbian population, and to correlate it with gender and body side. The study included 44 dry adult skulls (88 stylomastoid foramen). After we determined the gender, the skulls were photographed, and then distances of the stylomastoid foramen from various important landmarks of the skull base were measured in programme ImageJ. The shape and position of the stylomastoid foramen were also noted. The statistical significance was found in male skulls between right and left side in relation to parameter (P2) the shortest distance from the upper end of the anterior margin of the mastoid process (MP) to the center of stylomastoid foramen (CSMF), and on the left side for parameter (P6) the shortest distance between CSMF and the line passing through the tip of the MP in relation to gender. The most common shape of the stylomastoid foramen was round in 46 (52.27 %) cases, and most common position was on the line passing through the upper end of the anterior margin of both MP in 36 (40.91 %) and medially to the line connecting the tips of the MP and styloid process in 88 (100 %) cases. The results of this study will be useful for neurosurgeons during surgeries on the facial nerve trunk or anesthetics to give facial nerve block near the foramen and prevent its complications.
El foramen estilomastoideo se encuentra en la superficie inferior de la parte petrosa del hueso temporal entre la base del proceso estiloides y el proceso mastoides. A través del foramen estilomastoideo el nervio facial completa su parte intracraneal. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los parámetros morfométricos, la forma y la posición del foramen estilomastoideo en cráneos de población serbia y correlacionarlos con el sexo y el lado del cuerpo. El estudio incluyó 44 cráneos adultos secos (88 forámenes estilomastoideos). Después de determinar el sexo, se fotografiaron los cráneos y luego se midieron en el programa ImageJ las distancias del foramen estilomastoideo desde varios puntos importantes de la base del cráneo. También se observó la forma y posición del foramen estilomastoideo. La significación estadística se encontró en cráneos de hombres entre el lado derecho e izquierdo en relación al parámetro (P2) la distancia más corta desde el extremo superior del margen anterior del proceso mastoides (PM) hasta el centro del foramen estilomastoideo (CFM), y en el lado izquierdo para el parámetro (P6) la distancia más corta entre CFM y la línea que pasa por la punta del PM en relación al sexo. La forma más común del foramen estilomastoideo era redonda en 46 (52,27 %) casos, y la posición más común estaba en la línea que pasa por el extremo superior del margen anterior de ambos PM en 36 (40,91 %) y medialmente a la línea que conecta las puntas del PM y el proceso estiloides en 88 (100 %) casos. Los resultados de este estudio serán útiles para los neurocirujanos durante las cirugías en el tronco del nervio facial o los anestésicos para bloquear el nervio facial cerca del foramen y prevenir sus complicaciones.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Temporal Bone/anatomy & histology , Sex Characteristics , Skull Base , Facial Nerve , SerbiaABSTRACT
Objective To observe the clinical effect of CT-guided percutaneous puncture of stylomastoid foramen and radiofrequency ablation on primary hemifacial spasm. Methods Twenty-seven patients with primary hemifacial spasm, admitted to and accepted CT-guided percutaneous puncture of stylomastoid foramen and radiofrequency ablation in our hospital from August 2018 to May 2019, were chosen in our study. Clinical data and efficacy of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients were punctured to the stylomastoid foramen precisely under the guidance of CT localization; 21 could detect facial muscle twitch with 0.1-0.5 mA current, and positive results were also found in 6 patients with 0.5 mA current after adjusting the position of the needle tip. After standard radio frequency ablation (mean 83.3 ℃ for 23.7 seconds), 26 patients had complete disappearance of facial spasm, but left grade II (n=18) or grade III (n=8) facial paralysis; one patient with disappearance of abnormal electromyographic response waveform as the end criterion only partially relieved, but no facial paralysis. No facial hematoma, intracranial hemorrhage, infection, or death occurred. Follow-up for 2-12 months showed no recurrence or aggravation of facial paralysis. Conclusion CT-guided percutaneous puncture of stylomastoid foramen by radio frequency ablation can effectively treat primary hemifacial spasm, but there will be mild facial paralysis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the clinical effect of peripheral facial paralysis treated by the external stylomastoid foramen and acupoint injection of Mecobalamin combined with acupuncture. Methods 144 cases of patients selected were randomly divided into three groups: group A( the acupuncture combined with electric acupuncture) ,group B(the external stylomastoid foramen and acupoint injection of Vitamin B_(12) combined with acupuncture) ,and group C( the external stylomastoid foramen and acupoint injection of Mecobalamin combined with acupuncture). After A two - month treatment course,the subjective examination and scale assessment were carried out. Results The healing time was (42.47 +6.29) days in group A with (37.41 +4.18) days in group B and (26.78 +2.66) days in group C. After A two - month treatment course,the obvious effective rate was 81.84% in group A with 89.76% in group B and 97.86% in group C. Conclusion Three kinds of treatment methods are all effective against the third and the fourth grade of peripheral facial paralysis. Mecobalamin injection combined with acupuncture group can shorten the course evidently.
ABSTRACT
The anatomical relations of the jugular fossa with the vertical portion of the facial canal, the posterior cranial fossa and the tympanic ring were surveyed in 100 adults, skulls(57 males, 43 females); the dimensions of the jugular fossa were measured. The depth of the jugular fossais 7.73?0.33(2.0-1.52mm) at left, 9.47 ? 0.34mm(2.8-19.0mm) at right. The thickness of the bony plate separating the jugular fossa from the vertical partion of the facial canal is 2.77 ?0.17(1.5-2.8mm) at left, 2.33?0.17mm(1.0-2.9mm) at right. The top of the jugular fossa above the tympnic ring level is accounted for 35% at left, 62.24% at right. In these surveys, some anatomical variances were observed. These data can give the reference to the clinicians in the operations of the facial nerve and the jugular bulb.
ABSTRACT
Patients with hemifacial spasm were treated with a radiofrequency stimulating assisted percutaneous radiofrequency facial nerve coagulation around the stylomastoid foramen. The initial series of 18 cases of facial spasm are described. The series included 10 men and 8 women, aged from 19 to 75 years. All patients had classical type intractable persistent hemifacial spasm. Although severe facial weakness was made after the procedure to control the heperactive dysfunction of facial nerve in all patient immediately after making lesion, all of them recovered within 6 months follow-up. The longest follow up has been 26 months and only one patient had repeated procedure who experienced recurrence of hemifacial spasm 6 months after initial procedure. The procedure is simple, easy to perform and has no definite complication except transient facial palsy.