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1.
Rev. colomb. ortop. traumatol ; 35(2): 204-209, 2021. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1378666

ABSTRACT

La tendinopatía de la porción larga del Bíceps es causa frecuente de dolor en el hombro. Usualmente esta patología se relaciona con tendinopatía y lesiones del manguito rotador comprometiendo con mayor frecuencia el tendón del subescapular. El diagnóstico de esta entidad es difícil tanto clínica como radiológicamente, y la precisión diagnóstica de las lesiones parciales del Bíceps en Resonancia Nuclear Magnética (RMN) es relativamente baja. El objetivo de la nota técnica es presentar una Tenodesis intra-articular de la porción larga del Bíceps utilizando un anclaje óseo sin nudos, el cual sirve a su vez para reinsertar lesiones de tendón subescapular Laffosse tipo I y II con suturas adicionales.


Long head biceps tendinopathy is a common cause of shoulder pain. Usually, this pathology is related to both, tendinopathy and rotator cuff injuries, most frequently involving the subscapularis tendon. The diagnosis of this entity is difficult clinically and radiologically, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of partial biceps injuries in Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) is relatively low. The aim of the technical note is to present an intra-articular tenodesis of the long head of the biceps using a knotless bone anchor, which serves once to reinsert type I and II Laffosse subscapular tendon injuries with additional sutures.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hamstring Muscles , Rotator Cuff , Tenodesis , Rotator Cuff Injuries
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(1): 176-181, Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056417

ABSTRACT

El nervio subescapular inferior (NSI) inerva parcialmente al músculo subescapular (MSe) e inerva también al músculo redondo mayor (MRM). Diversas publicaciones determinan amplia variación en su origen en el Plexo Braquial (PB), pero existe poca evidencia de estas variaciones y del patrón de inervación del MSe y MRM en individuos latinoamericanos. El propósito de este estudio fue describir el origen del NSI en el PB, determinar número de ramos que le entrega al MSe y los patrones de ramificación. Se utilizaron 30 miembros superiores de individuos adultos, Brasileños; 13 del lado derecho y 17 del izquierdo, fijados en formaldehido al 10 %. Se disecaron las regiones axilares para exponer el fascículo posterior del plexo braquial (FPPB) y sus ramos. Se determinó si el origen del NSI era individual o procedía de un tronco común. Se cuantificó el número de ramos para el MSe, estableciendo patrones de ramificación. El NSI y sus ramos se agruparon según su origen y ramificación. En 3 de los casos (10 %) el NSI procedía de un tronco común con el nervio toracodorsal (NTD), 2 del lado izquierdo (6,6 %) y 1 del derecho (3,3 %); en 27 casos (90 %) procedía del nervio axilar (NAx), 15 del lado izquierdo (50 %) y 12 del derecho (40 %). En ningún caso, el origen fue directo del FPPB. Además, se cuantificó el número de ramos que aportaba a la inervación del MSe, observándose un promedio de 4 ramos (de 1 a 8 ramos) para el MSe. Se identificaron 4 patrones de ramificación del NSI hacia el MSe y el MRM. Tanto el origen como la distribución del NSI presentaron variaciones. Los datos aportados complementarán los conocimientos para la correcta enseñanza, el oportuno diagnóstico y la buena práctica quirúrgica de la zona axilar.


The inferior subscapular nerve (ISN) partially innervates the subscapular muscle (SbM) and also innervates the teres major muscle (TMM). Several publications determine wide variation in their origin from Brachial Plexus (BP), but there is little evidence of these variations and the innervation pattern of SbM and TMMin Latin American individuals. The purpose of this study was to describe the origin of the ISN from PB, to determine the number of branches that it gives to the SbM and the branching patterns. 30 upper limbs of cadavers of the Brazilian adult individuals were used; 13 on the right side and 17 on the left, fixed in 10 % formaldehyde. The axillary regions were dissected to expose the posterior fascicle of the brachial plexus (PFBP) and its branches. It was determined whether the origin of the NSI was individual or came from a common trunk. The number of branches for the SbM was quantified, establishing branching patterns. The ISN and its branches were grouped according to their origin and branching. In 3 of the cases (10 %) the ISN came from a common trunk with the thoracodorsal nerve (TDN), 2 from the left side (6.6 %) and 1 from the right side (3.3 %); in 27 cases (90 %) it came from the axillary nerve (AxN), 15 from the left side (50 %) and 12 from the right side (40 %). In no case, the origin was direct from the PFBP. In addition, the number of branches that contributed to the innervation of the SbM was quantified, with an average of 4 branches (from 1 to 8 branches) being observed for the SbM. Four branching patterns of the ISN towards the SbM and the TMM were identified. Both the origin and the distribution of the ISN presented many variations. The data provided will complement the knowledge for proper teaching, timely diagnosis and good surgical practice of the axillary area.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Peripheral Nerves/anatomy & histology , Muscle, Skeletal/innervation , Brachial Plexus/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Rotator Cuff/innervation
3.
Rev. chil. ortop. traumatol ; 60(1): 9-15, mar. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146570

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El pinzamiento subcoracoideo secundario a una distancia coracohumeral (DCH) disminuida, ha sido descrito como una posible etiología de las lesiones degenerativas del tendón del Subescapular (SSC), sin embargo, esa teoría aún es controversial. OBJETIVO: Evaluar si existe una diferencia significativa entre la DCH promedio de pacientes con patología degenerativa del SSC y un grupo control. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se diseñó un estudio de casos-controles y se estableció un tamaño muestral mínimo de 36 casos por grupo. De nuestra base de datos, y dentro de un periodo de 6 meses, se rescataron 46 Resonancias Magnéticas (RM) de hombro con patología degenerativa avanzada y/o roturas del SSC (grupo SSC). El grupo control fue conformado por 36 RM realizadas a voluntarios asintomáticos sin patología del mango rotador. Se incluyeron en ambos grupos solo pacientes entre 40 y 60 años. Se utilizó prueba de t para determinar las diferencias entre 2 grupos con un nivel de confianza del 95%. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio del grupo SSC fue 50,1 6,1 años y del grupo control 51,7 6,8 años, no existiendo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos (p » 0.43). La DCH promedio en el grupo SSC fue 8,58 mm [IC: 7,95­9,21 mm], y en el grupo control fue 11,04 mm [IC: 10,05­12,04 mm]. Al comparar la DCH, se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre grupos (p » 0,00048). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados respaldan la existencia de una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre una DCH disminuida y la presencia de patología degenerativa del SSC. NIVEL DE EVIDENCIA: III (Estudio de casos y controles).


BACKGROUND: The incidence of subscapularis tears is increasing as diagnostic imaging and arthroscopic technology improves. Decreased coracohumeral distance (CHD) with associated Subcoracoid Impingement is thought to be one, potential etiology for these lesions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the association between reduced CHD and degenerative pathology of the subscapularis tendon. METHODS: A comparative case-control study was performed. The sample size required to determine significance was calculated to be 36 cases. In total, 46 patients with severe degenerative SSC tendinopathy or subscapularis tears on magnetic resonance imaging (MR) were collected consecutively from our database (SSC group). The control group consisted of 36 asymptomatic volunteers undergoing shoulder MR. Only patients between 40 and 60 years of age were included. An independent t-test was used to determine the statistical significance between the two groups (with a 95% level of confidence). RESULTS: No statistically relevant difference was found between the average age of the two groups (50.1 6.1 and 51.7 6.8; p » 0.43). In the control group, the mean CHD was found to be 11.04 mm [CI:10.05­12.04 mm] and was 8.58 mm [CI: 7.95­9.21 mm] in the subscapularis group. The statistical analysis, comparing the CHD showed a significant difference between groups (p » 0.00048). CONCLUSION: This study supports the conclusion that degenerative subscapularis pathology is associated with narrowed coracohumeral distance, when compared with an asymptomatic age-matched group. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III (case-control study).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Rotator Cuff/diagnostic imaging , Shoulder Impingement Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Tendinopathy/diagnostic imaging , Humerus/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Case-Control Studies , Rotator Cuff/anatomy & histology , Coracoid Process , Humerus/anatomy & histology
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(3): 1171-1175, Sept. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762604

ABSTRACT

A large range of variability marks the branching pattern of the axillary artery. The knowledge of the anatomical variations and this pattern is essential to diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, including surgery, of the axillary region. The aim of this study was to observe the different possible origins of circumflex humeral arteries and to measure the length and diameter of each vessel. In our study, 24 armpits from adult cadavers (fixed in tamponed formalin 10%) were dissected. The data were analyzed with a digital caliper and the results expressed as Mean ± SD. In majority of specimens, posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) arose from subscapular artery (SSA) (54.16%) and had an average diameter of 3.92±0.41 mm. The anterior circumflex humeral artery was a branch from axillary artery (AA) in the majority of the specimens (62.5%) with an average diameter of 1.83±0.68 mm. Circumflex humeral arteries can arise from SSA, deep brachial artery and AA. The result of this study is an interesting data for origin, length and diameter of these vessels, contributing to the knowledge of these variations occurrence.


Una amplia gama de variabilidad marca el patrón de ramificación de la arteria axilar. El conocimiento de las variaciones anatómicas de este patrón es esencial para enfoques de diagnóstico y terapéuticos, incluyendo la cirugía de la región axilar. El objetivo fue observar los diferentes orígenes posibles de arterias circunflejas humerales y medir la longitud y el diámetro de cada vaso. En el estudio se disecaron 24 axilas de cadáveres adultos (fijados en formalina tamponada al 10%). Los datos se analizaron con un calibrador digital y los resultados se expresaron como Media ± DS. En la mayoría de los especímenes, la arteria circunfleja humeral posterior surgió de la arteria subescapular (ASE) (54,16%) con un diámetro medio de 0,41±3,92 mm. En la mayoría de los especímenes (62,5%), la arteria circunfleja humeral anterior era una rama de la arteria axilar (AA) con un diámetro medio de 0,68±1,83 mm. Las arterias circunflejas humerales pueden surgir de la ASE, de la arteria braquial profunda y AA. El resultado de este estudio es un dato interesante para el origen, la longitud y el diámetro de los vasos, lo que contribuye al conocimiento de la ocurrencia de estas variaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Anatomic Variation , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Humerus/blood supply , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Cadaver
5.
Hosp. Aeronáut. Cent ; 8(1): 7-10, 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-716495

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el elastofibroma subescapular es un tumor relativamente raro de tejidos blandos. Se trata de una lesión no encapsulada y con contenido variable de colágeno, grasa y fibras elásticas. Su incidencia es variable e infrecuente. En general, es infradiagnosticado y tiene un impacto incierto, dado que debe realizarse diagnóstico diferencial con tumores subcutáneos como lipomas, fibrolipomas, formaciones quísticas o tumores más agresivos. Objetivo: poner de manifiesto la importancia del diagnóstico de estos tumores y su resección. Material y método: revisión de la bibliografía y de historias clínicas de pacientes operados de tumores de dorso. Resultados: en el período enero 2011-marzo 2012 se evaluaron 4 pacientes que consultaron por tumores en región subescapular; 3 hombres y una mujer, con una edad media de 53 años (rango, 45-64). En 3 de los casos, no tenían bilateralidad. Se estudiaron mediante exploración física, junto a la ecografía y TAC torácica, con presencia de lesión subescapular sin invasión costal o pulmonar. En todos los casos, las intervenciones se realizaron con anestesia general y se efectuó la resección completa. Los pacientes fueron dados de alta entre el 1ro y el 2do día del posoperatorio. No se registró mortalidad ni morbilidad. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue elastofibroma de dorso en 3 de los casos y sarcoma en el caso restante. Conclusiones: si bien se lo considera un tumor infrecuente, generalmente esto se debe a que es una patología infradiagnosticada. Se debe realizar diagnóstico diferencias con neoplasias mesenquimales tipo liposarcomas, fibrosarcomas, histiocitoma fibroso maligno o metástasis. Es por eso que el tratamiento debe ser quirúrgico dado que el diagnóstico definitivo se realiza solo con la exéresis completa de la tumoración y la malignidad no puede descartarse a menos que sea extirpado.


Introduction: The subscapular elastofibroma is a relatively rare soft-tissue tumor. It is a non-encapsulated injury with variable content of collagen, fat and elastic fibers. It has a variable and infrequent incidence. Generally, it is underdiagnosed and has an uncertain impact since differential diagnosis must be made with subcutaneous tumors such as lipomas, fibrolipomas, cystic formations or more aggressive tumors.Objective: To show the importance of diagnosing these tumors and of their resection. Material and methods: Revision of references and the medical records of patients operated of dorsi tumors. Results: Between January 2011 and March 2012, 4 patients who consulted due to tumors in the subscapular region were assessed; they were 3 men and a woman, with an average age of 53 years old (range 45-64). In 3 of the cases, there were no symptoms; only one patient declared having suffered pain. One case presented bilaterality. The patients were studied by means of physical examination, together with the ultrasound and thoracic CT scans, showing subscapular injury without costal or lung invasion. In all cases, the patients were operated with general anesthesia and complete resection was carried out. Patients were released between the 1st and 2nd day of the postoperative period. Neither mortality nor morbidity were registered. The anatomopathological analysis provided 3 cases of elastofibroma dorsi and 1 case of sarcoma.Conclusions: Although it is considered an infrequent tumor, generally, that is due to the fact that it is an underdiagnosed pathology. Differential diagnosis must be made with mesenchymal neoplasms of the type of liposarcoma, malign fibrous histiocytoma or metastasis; therefore, treatment must be surgical since the definitive diagnosis is made only with the complete extirpation of the tumor and malignity cannot be ruled out unless the extirpation has been performed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Neoplasms , Thoracic Wall , Thorax
6.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 44(5): 420-426, set.-out. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-531476

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a integridade do músculo subescapular através da força, função e ressonância nuclear magnética após acesso deltopeitoral para tratamento da luxação glenoumeral anterior recidivante. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 20 pacientes com luxação recidivante do ombro. Todos os casos possuíam seguimento mínimo de 12 meses, com média de 40 meses. Os pacientes eram todos do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 29 anos (20-42 anos). Os pacientes foram submetidos a exame físico para avaliar mobilidade, força muscular, "Belly" Teste e teste de Gerber. A força isocinética em rotação interna e externa, em velocidades angulares de 60º/s e 180º/s, em ambos os ombros, foi medida utilizando-se um dinamômetro. Em 15 pacientes foi realizada ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) em ambos os ombros para avaliação da espessura, área e possível hipotrofia do músculo subescapular. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa entre os picos de torque para a velocidade de 60º/s para as rotações interna (p = 0,036) e externa (p = 0,008). Porém, para a velocidade de 180º/s a situação se inverte (rotação interna: p = 0,133; rotação externa: p = 0,393). A espessura e a área do subescapular são significativamente menores que as do lado normal, com déficit de 19 por cento e 23 por cento, respectivamente. De acordo com os escores de Rowe e da UCLA, observamos excelentes e bons resultados na maioria dos pacientes, com média de 88 e 31,6 pontos, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar dos bons resultados funcionais, a cirurgia aberta pode restringir a força, bem como reduzir a espessura e a área da seção transversal do músculo subescapular. Os melhores resultados ocorreram no lado dominante.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the integrity of the subscapularis tendon by strength, function and magnetic resonance imaging after deltopectoralis access for anterior shoulder instability. METHODS: 20 patients with anterior shoulder instability have been evaluated. Minimum follow-up was 12 months, with a mean of 40 months. Only male patients were included, with a mean of age of 29 years (20 - 42 years). The patients have been submitted to physical examinations of mobility, muscular strength, Belly Test and Gerber Test. The isokinetic strength in internal and external rotation, in angular speeds of 60º/s and 180º/s, for both shoulders was measured using a dynamometer. In 15 patients magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out on both shoulders for evaluating the thickness, cross-sectional area and atrophy of the subscapularis muscle. RESULTS: A significant difference was found between torque peaks at the speed of 60º/s for internal (p=0.036) and external (p=0.008) rotation. However, at 180º/s the opposite happens (internal rotation: p=0.133; external rotation: p=0.393). Subscapularis muscle thickness and area are significantly smaller than the normal side, with a deficit of 19 percent and 23 percent, respectively. According to Rowe and UCLA scores, we find excellent and good results for the majority of patients, with a mean of 88 and 31.6 points, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite of the good functional results, open surgery can limit strength and reduce the thickness and the cross-sectional area of subscapularis muscle. However, the best results were found in the patients who had the dominant side operated.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Shoulder Dislocation/therapy , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
7.
Int. j. morphol ; 26(4): 963-966, Dec. 2008. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-532950

ABSTRACT

An unusual unilateral variation in the branching pattern of axillary artery was observed in a 60 year old female embalmed cadaver. The axillary artery had only two branches arising from its proximal (first) part and no branches from its remaining distal (second & third) parts. The branches are superior thoracic (usual) and another large collateral (unusual) branch. This collateral branch is the origin of several important arteries as the circumflex scapular, thoracodorsal, posterior circumflex humeral, thoraco-acromial and lateral thoracic arteries. We propose to name this artery as common subscapular trunk. The course of this collateral artery (common subscapular trunk) and its branches and also clinical significance of this variation are discussed in the paper.


Una inusual variación unilateral en el patrón de ramificación de la arteria axilar se observó en un cadáver embalsamado de 60 años de edad. La arteria axilar tuvo sólo dos ramas derivadas de su parte proximal (primera) y no otorgó ramas de su parte distal (segunda y tercera). Las ramas son superiores torácica (habitual) y otra gran rama colateral (inusual). Esta rama colateral es el origen de varias arterias importantes como la circunfleja escapular, toracodorsal, circunfleja humeral posterior, taraco-acromial y torácica lateral. Proponemos el nombre variación arterial como tronco común subescapular. El curso de este tronco común subescapular y sus ramas y también el significado clínico de esta variación son discutidas en este trabajo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Axillary Artery/abnormalities , Scapula/blood supply , Cadaver
8.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 36(supl.1): 189-193, jun. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-533015

ABSTRACT

O tratamento cirúrgico das lesões do plexo braquial feito consenso atualmente, e o plexo é normalmenteabordado por via anterior ou trans-axilar. Os autores trabalharam a abordagem posterior sub-escapular doplexo braquial. Esta técnica foi desenvolvida no final do século XIX e utilizada no início deste século pararessecção da primeira costela.O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar as possibilidades de tratamento das lesões supra e infra-claviculares do plexo braquial pela via posterior sub-escapular. Para isso, foram realizadas 22 dissecções em cadáveres frescos,com exposição de todo o plexo braquial, incluindo seus ramos colaterais e terminais. A abordagem posterior sub-escapular constitui uma técnica relativamente simples de execução e merece ser conhecida pelos cirurgiões do plexo braquial.


The surgical treatment of brachial plexus injuries is commonsense now and the brachial plexus is approachedthru an anterior or trans-axillary way. The authors worked on a posterior subscapulary approach of the brachialplexus. This technique was developed at end of the XIX century to perform first rib resection. The aim of this work is study the possibility to treat upper and lower brachial plexus injuries thru posterior subscapular approach. To do this, 22 cadaveric dissections were performed, exposing the brachial plexusentirely, main and collateral branches included. The posterior subscapular approach is a simple technique and deserves to be known by brachial plexussurgeons.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anatomy , Brachial Plexus , Anatomy/methods , Brachial Plexus/anatomy & histology , Brachial Plexus/surgery , Brachial Plexus/metabolism
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