ABSTRACT
Infantile hemangiomas are relatively common soft tissue tumors in infants and young children, with a prevalence of about 4.5% in full-term newborns. Subglottic Hemangioma （SGH） is a relatively rare type of hemangioma, and its special location often causes respiratory distress and potentially life-threatening conditions in infants. Therefore, it is necessary for clinicians to make an accurate diagnosis and formulate a detailed treatment plan based on the clinical manifestations, the auxiliary examinations, the medical history and the vital signs evaluation of patients.This review describes the pathophysiological mechanism of infantile hemangioma and provides a detailed discussion on commonly used treatment methods in detail.
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Hemangioma, Capillary , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Larynx/pathology , Soft Tissue NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Los tumores traqueo bronquiales son extremadamente infrecuentes en la edad pediátrica e incluyen lesiones benignas y malignas. Por la baja frecuencia en niños y sintomatología respiratoria inespecífica, la sospecha diagnostica es habitualmente tardía. El tratamiento de elección en la mayoría de ellos es la resección quirúrgica abierta, sin embargo, la remoción endoscopia podría estar indicada es casos muy seleccionados con histología benigna y de localización accesible.
Tracheobronchial tumors are extremely rare in children and include benign and malignant lesions. Due to the low frequency in children and nonspecific respiratory symptoms, diagnostic suspicion is usually late. The treatment of choice in most of them is open surgical resection, however, endoscopy removal could be indicated in highly selected cases with benign histology and accessible location.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Bronchial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Bronchial Neoplasms/therapy , Tracheal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Tracheal Neoplasms/therapy , Bronchial Neoplasms/classification , Tracheal Neoplasms/classificationABSTRACT
Major congenital malformations affecting the larynx and trachea are laryngomalacia, vocal cord paralysis, subglottic hemangioma, congenital laryngeal web, laryngotracheal cleft, congenital tracheal stenoses, tracheal and bronchomalacia. The most frequent acquired diseases are stenotic lesions, mainly subglottic stenosis. In this chapter the main anomalies affecting the airway of children and adolescents are described, emphasizing the importance of early and accurate diagnosis as well as defining the modern treatment options.
Las principales malformaciones congénitas que afectan la laringe y tráquea son la laringomalacia, parálisis de cuerdas vocales, hemangioma subglótico, web laríngeo, hendidura laringotraqueal, estenosis traqueal congénita, traqueo y broncomalacia. Las lesiones adquiridas que con mayor frecuencia debemos diagnosticar y tratar son las lesiones post intubación, principalmente la estenosis subglótica. En este capítulo se describen estas afecciones de la vía aérea del niño, haciendo énfasis en la importancia de un diagnóstico precoz y preciso además de definir las alternativas modernas de tratamiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Laryngeal Diseases/surgery , Tracheal Diseases/surgeryABSTRACT
Subglottic hemangioma is a rare condition which has the potential to cause life-threatening complications during the pediatric period. The most common presenting symptom is inspiratory and expiratory stridor, which is often exacerbated by crying and upper respiratory tract infection. The natural history of subglottic hemangioma is characterized by progressive airway obstruction during the proliferative phase for the first year, but after 1 year of age, the symptoms resolve spontaneously as the lesion regresses. We report a 50-day-old infant with subglottic hemangioma who suffered from episodes of cyanosis and persistent stridor with viral pneumonia. In addition, she had cutaneous hemangioma on her right cheek. The hemangioma was successfully controlled with just systemic steroids, because the lesion occupied 40% of total subglottic space. We concluded that if an infant with cutaneous hemangioma displays biphasic then stridor subglottic hemangioma should be included in differential diagnosis.