Status social subjetivo e a qualidade de vida em estudantes do ensino fundamental / Subjective social status and quality of life of elementary school adolescents

Este estudo teve o objetivo de descrever e relacionar a qualidade de vida e o Status Social Subje-tivo (SSS) na escola e nas aulas de educação física em estudantes do ensino fundamental. Estudo transversal com 875 estudantes do ensino fundamental do município de Palhoça, Santa Catarina. A qualidade de vida foi analisada por meio do Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM versão 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) e o SSS foi investigado por meio da escala de MacArthur adaptada para estudantes brasileiros para o ambiente escolar e aulas de educação física. Os domínios da qualidade de vida que apresen-taram menores pontuações foram os relacionados aos sentimentos (61,4 pontos) e à escola (70,3 pontos). A questão "eu sinto raiva" obteve menor pontuação (50,8 pontos), seguida da questão "eu me preocupo com o que vai acontecer comigo" (53,1 pontos), ambas do domínio sentimentos. Um total de 37,1% e 25% dos estudantes apresentaram percepção de SSS negativa nas aulas de educação física e na escola, respectivamente. Os estudantes com a percepção negativa de SSS tiveram piores escores de qualidade de vida. Diante dos resultados destacam-se as pontuações baixas de qualidade de vida, especialmente com relação aos sentimentos e escola por parte dos estudantes, e os percentuais altos de percepção negativa de SSS.

This study aimed to describe and associate the quality of life and Subjective Social Status (SSS) at school and in Physical Education classes among elementary school students. Cross-sectional study with 875 elementary school students in the city of Palhoça ­ Southern Brazil. Quality of life was analyzed using the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) and SSS was investigated using the MacArthur scale, which was adapted for Brazilian students for the school environment and Physical Education classes. The quality of life domains that presented the lowest scores were those related to feelings (61.4 points) and schools (70.3 points). The question "I feel angry" received the lowest score (50.8 points), followed by the question "I worry about what will happen to me" (53.1points), both from the feelings domain. A total of 37.1% and 25% of students had a negative perception of SSS in Physical Education classes and at school, respectively. Students with a negative perception of SSS had worse quality of life scores. Given the results, the low quality of life scores stand out, especially in relation to students' feelings about school and the high percentages of negative perception of SSS

Gender, psychological distress, and subjective well-being two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain / Género, trastorno psicológico y bienestar subjetivo a dos años del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19 en España / Gênero, distúrbio psicológico e bem-estar subjetivo dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19 na Espanha

Abstract This study aimed to examine gender differences in distress and well-being two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing risk and protective factors for psychological distress and subjective well-being. It is a repeated cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,588 women (50%) and men (50%) from the general Spanish population aged 18-74 years who were assessed online by seven questionnaires and scales. Descriptive, variance, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. From February to April 2022, 57.4% of women and 38.7% of men had psychological distress, percentages that totaled 50.5% and 41.5%, respectively, from October 2022 to February 2023. Women also had greater perceived vulnerability to diseases, more negative feelings, and lower affect balance, resilience, and self-esteem than men. The most important predictors of greater psychological distress refer to lower self-esteem, resilience, and social support and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases. Other statistically significant predictors included lower educational level in women and neither being married nor living with a partner in men. Lower self-esteem also best predicted lower subjective well-being, with lower social support and lower resilience also constituting significant predictors. Moreover, lower educational level and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases statistically and significantly predicted lower subjective well-being in women, as did not being a student in men. We conclude that psychological distress remains greatly prevalent in Spain two years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in women.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las diferencias de género en distrés psicológico y en el bienestar a dos años del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, analizando factores de riesgo y de protección para distrés psicológico y bienestar subjetivo. Se trata de un estudio transversal repetido con una muestra de 1.588 individuos de la población general de España, 50% mujeres y 50% hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 74 años. Los participantes fueron evaluados en línea mediante 7 cuestionarios y escalas. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, de varianza y de regresión múltiple jerárquica. Entre febrero y abril del 2022, el 57,4% de las mujeres y el 38,7% de los hombres presentaron distrés psicológico, con porcentajes del 50,5% y 41,5%, respectivamente, entre octubre del 2022 y febrero del 2023. Las mujeres también presentaron una mayor vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad, más sentimientos negativos, menos equilibrio afectivo y menor resiliencia y autoestima que los hombres. Los indicadores más importantes de un mayor distrés psicológico fueron la baja autoestima, la baja resiliencia, el escaso apoyo social y una mayor vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad. Otros indicadores estadísticamente significativos fueron los siguientes: bajo nivel de educación entre las mujeres y no estar casado o no vivir con una compañera entre los hombres. La baja autoestima también fue el mejor indicador de un bajo bienestar subjetivo; además, el escaso apoyo social y la baja resiliencia también fueron indicadores importantes. Además, el bajo nivel de educación y la alta vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad fueron indicadores estadísticamente significativos de bajo bienestar subjetivo entre las mujeres y de no ser estudiantes entre los hombres. Concluimos que el distrés psicológico sigue siendo muy prevalente en España dos años después del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, especialmente entre las mujeres.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as diferenças de gênero em estresse psicológico e no bem-estar dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19, analisando fatores de risco e de proteção para estresse psicológico e bem-estar subjetivo. Este foi um estudo transversal repetido com amostra de 1.588 indivíduos da população geral da Espanha - 50% do sexo feminino e 50% do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 74 anos. Os participantes foram avaliados online por meio de sete questionários e escalas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, de variância e de regressão múltipla hierárquica. Entre fevereiro e abril de 2022, 57,4% das mulheres e 38,7% dos homens apresentaram estresse psicológico, com porcentagens de 50,5% e 41,5%, respetivamente, entre outubro de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023. As mulheres também apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade percebida à doença, mais sentimentos negativos, menor equilíbrio afetivo e menor resiliência e autoestima do que os homens. Os indicadores mais importantes de maior estresse psicológico foram baixa autoestima, baixa resiliência, baixo apoio social e maior vulnerabilidade percebida à doença. Outros indicadores estatisticamente significativos foram: baixo nível de escolaridade entre as mulheres e não ser casado ou não viver com uma companheira entre os homens. Baixa autoestima também foi o melhor indicador de baixo bem-estar subjetivo; além disso, baixo apoio social e baixa resiliência também foram indicadores significativos. Além disso, baixo nível de escolaridade e alta vulnerabilidade percebida à doença foram indicadores estatisticamente significativos de baixo bem-estar subjetivo entre as mulheres e de não ser estudante entre os homens. Concluímos que estresse psicológico ainda é muito prevalente na Espanha dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19, principalmente entre as mulheres.

Stellate Ganglion Block as an Adjunctive Intervention for Chronic Subjective Tinnitus： Efficacy and Predictive Indicators / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and predictive indicators of stellate ganglion block （SGB） as an adjunctive intervention for chronic subjective tinnitus and accumulate experience for the application of SGB in the clinical treatment of tinnitus. MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on the data of chronic subjective tinnitus patients who received SGB intervention， with unsatisfactory outcomes otherwise. Pure tone audiometry （PTA）， tinnitus loudness evaluation and Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） were used. The tinnitus handicap inventory （THI） scores were compared before and after SGB intervention. Correlation analysis and linear regression equations were employed to identify the potential indicators predicting the effectiveness of SGB intervention. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 24.0 software. ResultsBy April 2023， a total of 107 patients with chronic subjective tinnitus had undergone SGB intervention， including 67 male and 40 female， with a mean age of （45.32±11.40） years old and an average tinnitus history of （20.32±24.64） months ［16 （12~20）］. Only 7 patients （6.54%） quitted the intervention for personal reasons， which demonstrated good compliance with the intervention. No patients experienced adverse reactions such as infection at the injection site， hematoma， nerve injury， local anesthetic intoxication and so on， which revealed good safety. After SGB intervention， THI scores decreased to below 36 points in 77 patients and decrease by 10 points or more in 12 of the remaining patients， with a total effective rate of 89%. A paired sample t-test showed a significant difference in THI scores before and after SGB intervention （t=15.575， P<0.001）， indicating good improvement. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that pre-intervention THI scores and subjective tinnitus loudness were significantly positively correlated with the improvement level of THI scores （P<0.05）. Further stepwise linear regression analysis found that "pre-intervention THI scores" had statistical significance （P<0.001）， with a regression coefficient of 0.308， predicting a 17.4% improvement level in THI scores. ConclusionsDue to its good and safe short-term effects， SGB intervention can be used as a supplementary option for chronic subjective tinnitus when other interventions are not ideal， especially for patients with higher THI scores. However， further research is needed to clarify the long-term efficacy and underlying mechanisms， in order to establish a more solid theoretical basis for SGB intervention in the treatment of subjective tinnitus.

Impact of subjective vertical perception impairment on function in stroke patients: a retrospective study / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of subjective vertical perception impairment after stroke on visuospatial cognition, balance, walking and activities of daily living, to investigate the mediating role of visuospatial cognition and lateropulsion. MethodsFrom February to December, 2023, 96 stroke patients were selected from the Rehabilitation Medicine Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. They were divided into vertical perception impairment group (n = 53) and non-vertical perception impairment group (n = 43). They were assessed with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the Scale for Contraversive Pushing (SCP), Burke Lateropulsion Scale (BLS), Line Bisection Test (LBT), Line Cancellation Test (LCT), Star Cancellation Test (SCT), Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Holden Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC) and Barthel Index (BI). ResultsScores of SVV orientation, SVV uncertainty, NIHSS, SCT, SCP, BLS, BBS, FAC and BI were worse in the vertical perception impairment group than in the non-vertical perception impairment group (|t| > 2.414, Z = -3.481, P < 0.05). Scores of SVV were correlated with SCT, BLS and BBS (|r| ≥ 0.273, P < 0.05). After controlling for age and gender, SVV orientation score did not directly impact BBS score (β = -0.011, P = 0.920). However, it exerted a partial mediating effect through BLS (effect = -0.173, 95%CI -0.278 to -0.076) and a chain-mediated effect through SCT and BLS (effect = -0.073, 95%CI -0.137 to -0.027), impacting BBS score. ConclusionSubjective vertical perception impairment results in poorer visuospatial cognition, balance, walking and activities of daily living in stroke patients. This influence on balance function is mediated through the mediating effects of visuospatial cognition and lateropulsion.

Study of discrepancy in subjective and objective cognitive function in patients with depressive disorder / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThere exist differences in the subjective and objective cognitive functions of patients with depressive disorder， ane there are limited research on influencing factors of such phenomenon currently. ObjectiveTo explore the differences in subjective and objective cognitive function in patients with depressive disorder as well as influencing factors， and to provide references for further understanding of cognitive impairment in patients with depressive disorder. MethodsA total of 77 patients with depressive disorder who received outpatient or inpatient treatment in the Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu from January 13， 2022 to December 11， 2023 were selected for the study. These patients also met the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition（DSM-5）. Various tools were employed to assess patients in this study： Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale （MADRS） for the depressive symptoms， Perceived Deficits Questionnaire for Depression （PDQ-D） and Chinese Version of Brief Neurocognitive Test Battery （C-BCT） for the subjective and objective cognitive function， Sheehan Disability Scale （SDS） for the social function， and Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness（CGI-SI） for the severity of patient's condition. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation of subjective and objective cognitive function and their differences with age， years of education， MADRS total score， SDS total score， and CGI-SI score. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the influencing factors of the differences between subjective and objective cognitive function. ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in the total PDQ-D scores and the difference of subjective and objective cognitive function （D value） between depressive patients with and without medication （t=-4.228， -2.392， P<0.05 or 0.01）. There was no statistically significant correlation in subjective and objective cognitive function in patients with depressive disorder （r=-0.148， P>0.05）. Negative correlations can be observed between the PDQ-D total score and age or years of education （r=-0.333， -0.369， P<0.01）. The PDQ-D total score was positively correlated with MADRS total score， SDS total score and CGI-SI score （r=0.487， 0.637， 0.434， P<0.01）. D value was negatively correlated with age and years of education （r=-0.411， -0.362， P<0.01）， while positively correlated with MADRS total score， SDS total score and CGI-SI score （r=0.259， 0.468， 0.299， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Age （β=-0.328， P<0.01） and SDS total score （β=0.409， P<0.01） were two predictive factors for D value. ConclusionThe difference between subjective and objective cognitive function among patients with depressive disorder is related to several factors including age， years of education， severity of symptoms and impairment of social function. ［Funded by Surface Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China （number， 62173069）； Technological Innovation 2030-Major Project of "Brain Science and Brain-Like Research" （number， 2022ZD0211700）； Key R&D Support Program and Major Application Demonstration Project of Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau （number， 2022-YF09-00023-SN）］

Astigmatism inclusivity of regional refractive intraocular lens / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effect of residual astigmatism on visual quality after phacoemulsification combined with regional refractive intraocular lens(IOL)implantation in patients with age-related cataract, and to evaluate the astigmatism inclusivity of regional refractive IOL.METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 62 cases(73 eyes)of age-related cataract patients who underwent phacoemulsification combined with regional refractive IOL(Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15)implantation from July 2020 to March 2022 at the ophthalmology department of our hospital were collected. They were grouped according to residual astigmatism at 6 mo postoperatively, taking 35 cases(40 eyes)with residual astigmatism of 0.75 D to 1.50 D as the experimental group, and 27 cases(33 eyes)with residual astigmatism ≤0.75 D as the control group. Visual acuity, defocus curves, objective visual acuity [wavefront aberrations, Strehl ratio(SR), modulation transfer functions(MTF)], subjective visual acuity(national eye institute visual function questionnaire-25), patients' satisfaction, and spectacle independence were compared between the two groups at 6 mo postoperatively.RESULTS:There was a difference in the preoperative astigmatism and the number of postoperative 6 mo residual astigmatism between the two groups(P&#x003C;0.01). At 6 mo postoperatively, there was no difference in uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity, objective visual quality, subjective visual quality, satisfaction, and spectacle independence between the two groups(P&#x003E;0.05). The defocus curves showed that there was no difference in visual acuity between the two groups at all points in the +2.00 to -4.00 D defocus range of the additional spherical equivalent(P&#x003E;0.05).CONCLUSION:Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15 IOL was able to accommodate regular astigmatism of 1.50 D.

Concerns About Inequality in Health, Education and Income Jointly Predict Collective Actions

Introduction: Income inequality is often tolerated and justified, but when it brings about disparities in other domains of life (e.g., health or education), it may be seen with different eyes. In this research, we aimed to explore concerns regarding economic inequality in health, education, and income, and its relationship to supporting collective actions to reduce inequality. Method: We used survey data (N = 20,204, 18 countries) from the Latinobarometer 2020. We conducted descriptive analyses, latent class analyses, and analyses of multilevel linear regression to test our hypothesis. Results: We found that people were more concerned about health access and education opportunities than income inequality. We also identified two classes of people: one class concerned about education and health and the other unconcerned about inequality in any domain. In addition, results showed that all concerns and class membership predicted greater support of collective actions to reduce inequality. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that concerns about education and health disparities may serve to increase awareness of overall inequality and mobilise the public.

Introducción: La desigualdad de ingresos a menudo se tolera y justifica, pero cuando esta conlleva desigualdades en otros ámbitos de la vida (e.g., salud o educación), puede que se vea con ojos diferentes. En este artículo tratamos de explorar la preocupación por la desigualdad económica en salud, educación e ingresos, así como su relación con el apoyo a acciones colectivas para reducir la desigualdad. Método: Usamos datos secundarios (N = 20 204, 18 países) del Latinobarómetro 2020. Llevamos a cabo análisis descriptivos, análisis de clases latentes y análisis de regresión multinivel. Resultados: Encontramos que la gente estaba más preocupada por el acceso a la salud y las oportunidades en educación que por la desigualdad en el ingreso. También identificamos dos perfiles de personas: unas preocupadas por la educación y la salud, y otras poco preocupadas por la desigualdad en ninguno de los ámbitos. Además, los resultados mostraron que todas las preocupaciones y los distintos perfiles predecían un mayor apoyo a las acciones colectivas para reducir la desigualdad. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos preliminares sugieren que la preocupación por las desigualdades en salud y educación podrían servir para aumentar la conciencia sobre la desigualdad general y movilizar al público.

Percepção de religiosidade e forças pessoais: Relação entre os construtos em universitários / Perception of religiosity and characters strengths: Relationship between the constructs in university students

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar as relações entre a percepção de religiosidade e as forças pessoais e as diferenças quanto à idade, ao sexo e nível de religiosidade dos participantes. Para tanto, 92 estudantes, com idades entre 18 e 64 anos (M= 25,13; DP=8,09), de uma universidade particular do estado de São Paulo, responderam à Escala de Avaliação da Percepção de Religiosidade (EAPRE) e à Escala de Forças de Caráter (EFC). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre 21 forças da EFC, e o fator internalização da EAPRE (r entre 0,21 e 0,49), e três forças pessoais com o fator externalização (r entre 0,25 e 0,53). As mulheres apresentaram maiores médias que os homens no fator internalização da EAPRE e em seis forças de caráter da EFC. Além disso, os participantes que se percebiam com alto nível de religiosidade apresentaram maiores médias na força espiritualidade. Pesquisas com outras amostras são necessárias para permitir o amadurecimento dos conceitos investigados, sobretudo no Brasil, onde os instrumentos que avaliam construtos da psicologia positiva estão em desenvolvimento.

This research aimed to investigate the relationships between the perception of religiosity and the character strengths and the differences in age, gender, and level of religiosity of the participants. To this end, 92 students, aged between 18 and 64 years (M= 25.13; SD=8.09), from a private university in the state of São Paulo, answered the Religiosity Perception Assessment Scale (EAPRE) and the Character Strengths Scale (EFC). Significant correlations were found between 21 EFC forces, and the internalization factor of EAPRE (r between 0.21 and 0.49) and three-character strengths with the externalization factor (r between 0.25 and 0.53). Women presented higher averages than men in the internalization factor of PSAE and in six-character strengths of EFC. In addition, the participants who perceived themselves with a high level of religiosity presented higher averages in the spiritual strength. Research with other samples is necessary to allow the maturation of the concepts investigated, especially in Brazil, where the instruments that evaluate positive psychology constructs are under development.

Manejo das urgências subjetivas nas instituições: que lugar para o serviço-escola? / Maneuvering subjective urgency in institutions: what is the role of psychology school-service? / ¿Manejo de las urgencias subjetivas en las instituiciones: que lugar para el servicio-escuela?

Neste artigo pretende-se discutir a problemática do manejo da urgência subjetiva nas instituições, apoiando-se em uma investigação em andamento no serviço-escola de uma universidade pública. Interroga-se a urgência generalizada, marca de nossos tempos, para situar as coordenadas do manejo da angústia presente nas demandas por assistência em saúde mental dirigidas às instituições. Articula-se, a partir das referências teórico-clínicas dentro da psicanálise de orientação lacaniana, a prática do manejo das urgências em diversos dispositivos de saúde. Pretende-se circunscrever a partir dessa elaboração, o duplo pertencimento dos serviços-escola: lugar de formação e instituição que, de alguma forma, participa da rede de saúde mental. (AU)

This article intends to discuss the problem of maneuvering subjective urgency in institutions, based on ongoing research in development at the school-service of a public university. The widespread urgency is questioned, as a mark of our time, to locate thecoordinates of the management of anxiety present in demands for mental health assistance directed at institutions. It is articulated, through theoretical-clinical references within lacanian oriented psychoanalysis, the practical maneuvering of urgencies in several health devices. It is intended to circumscribe through this elaboration, the double belonging of school-services: place of formation and institution that, in some way, participates in the mental health network. (AU)

En este artículo se pretende discernir la problemática del manejo de la urgencia subjetiva en las instituciones, a partir de una investigación en desarrollo en el servicio-escuela de una universidad pública. Se interroga la urgencia generalizada, marca de nuestra época, para situar las coordinadas del manejo de la angustia presente en las demandas por asistencia en salud mental dirigidas a las instituciones. Desde las referencias teórico-clínicas se articula la práctica del manejo de las urgencias en diversos servicios de salud. Se pretende, a partir de esa discusión, circunscribir la doble pertenencia de los servicios-escuela: lugar de formación que, de alguna forma, participa de la redde salud mental. (AU)

Bienestar subjetivo y satisfacciones de dominios en estudiantes universitarios colombianos / Subjective well-being and domain satisfactions in Colombian university students

Resumen El concepto de bienestar subjetivo se refiere a la forma global, positiva o negativa, en la que las personas evalúan sus vidas y experiencias. La búsqueda de factores que expliquen el bienestar subjetivo, actualmente uno de los temas de mayor interés en la psicología, condujo al concepto de satisfacciones de dominios, que se entienden como los juicios que las personas hacen al evaluar los mayores dominios de vida. Este estudio correlacional tuvo por objetivo establecer la relación de la satisfacción en los dominios económico, de pareja, familia, amigos, salud, vida universitaria y rendimiento académico, con los componentes cognitivo y emocional del bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción vital y felicidad, respectivamente), identificando cuáles de esos dominios lo predicen. La muestra, no probabilística, estuvo conformada por 344 estudiantes de una universidad pública colombiana (50.9 % mujeres y 49.1 % hombres) con edades entre 18 y 29 años (. = 20.89; DT = 2.52). Los resultados mostraron una fuerte relación de todos los dominios con el bienestar subjetivo. La satisfacción en los dominios económico, de pareja, familia, amigos y vida universitaria explicó la varianza de la satisfacción vital y la felicidad en forma diferenciada. Se concluye que: (a) el bienestar se afecta con la satisfacción de necesidades asociadas a los dominios cercanos e importantes para el individuo; (b) las satisfacciones de dominios impactan más el componente cognitivo del bienestar que el emocional; (c) el dominio económico satisface más necesidades cognitivas, la amistad suple necesidades emocionales, y la pareja, la familia y la vida universitaria satisfacen ambas.

Abstract The concept of subjective well-being refers to the overall positive or negative way in which people evaluate their lives and experiences. It is generally accepted that subjective well-being is made up of a cognitive component usually called satisfaction with life or life satisfaction and an emotional component usually referred to as happiness. The search for factors that explain subjective well-being is currently one of the most interesting topics in psychology and led to the concept of domain satisfactions, which are understood as the judgments that people make when evaluating the major domains of life. It refers to the perceived degree of satisfaction that we obtain from the way in which each of these main domains or areas of our lives are developed. This correlational study with predictive intent aimed at establishing the relationship of satisfaction in the economic, couple, family, friends, health, university life, and academic performance domains, with the cognitive and emotional components of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and happiness, respectively), identifying which of these domains predict well-being. The non-probabilistic sample, for convenience, was made up of 344 women and men (50.9 % and 49.1 % respectively) between 18 and 29 years of age (M = 20.89); SD = 2.52), students from an important Colombian public university based in the city of Palmira. The instruments, which include the Diener's life satisfaction and Lyubomirsky and Lepper's happiness scales, and simple items for each domain satisfaction studied (economic, couple, family, friends, health, university life, and academic performance) were answered in a format printed by 64 % of the participants and in virtual format by 36 %, according to their own choice. The results showed that all domain satisfactions were significantly related to both the cognitive and the emotional components of subjective well-being. The results also showed that except for satisfaction with health and academic performance, all other domain satisfactions predicted at least one of the components of subjective well-being. In general, domain satisfactions explained the variance of satisfaction and happiness much better than sociodemographic variables. Thus, it was confirmed that the psychological significance of events that occur in the main areas of people´s lives have much more relevance to well-being than situational factors such as sociodemographic ones. In a different sense, and order of impact, satisfaction with the economic domain, satisfaction with university life, and satisfaction with the couple emerged as the domains that had the greatest influence on life satisfaction, and satisfaction with friends and satisfaction with university life emerged as the strongest predictors of happiness. The results suggest that well-being is especially affected by the satisfaction of needs associated with the closest domains and more important to the individual. These would include the economic domain and relationships that involve affections, but also other domains that, for specific reasons, occupy a relevant place in the individual's internal hierarchy of importance, which may vary among cultures and even among people of the same culture. The above conclusion could explain, among other findings, the significant impact of satisfaction with university life on subjective well-being. The results also suggest that, in general, domain satisfactions have a greater impact on the cognitive component of well-being than on the emotional component, and that, in particular, domains such as economics fundamentally satisfy cognitive needs, friendship fundamentally satisfy emotional needs, and other domains such as couple, family and university life, satisfy both cognitive and emotional needs. This would demonstrate the importance of applying differentiated instruments to study the cognitive and emotional components of well-being.

Teorías subjetivas sobre el tiempo de espera y experiencias de la parentalidad adoptiva / Subjective theories about waiting time and experiences from adoptive parenting

Resumen El proceso de adopción comprende cambios importantes en las familias adoptivas, pues implica una reestructuración y adaptación a una nueva organización del sistema familiar. Durante este proceso los padres elaboran expectativas y creencias respecto a cómo comportarse frente a los cambios y adaptarse a sus hijos, desde donde dirigen sus prácticas de crianza. La percepción del tiempo que tenga cada persona posee un papel en cómo se desarrolla la identidad tanto individual como familiar, pues las experiencias pasadas, vivencias actuales y expectativas del futuro influyen en sus acciones. Por lo tanto, es posible decir que los padres adoptivos elaboran teorías subjetivas sobre este proceso y especialmente en relación con el tiempo de espera de la adopción, explicaciones que podrían incidir en la forma en que enfrentan este nuevo desafío y se preparan para la parentalidad. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comprender las teorías subjetivas sobre el tiempo de espera y las experiencias de la parentalidad adoptiva. Participaron diez madres y padres adoptivos mediante entrevistas episódicas individuales. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos utilizando técnicas de tres procedimientos de análisis: de contenido basado en la Teoría Fundamentada, específico para las teorías subjetivas y de la perspectiva temporal. De los hallazgos se destacan teorías subjetivas de contenido emocional ansioso durante el proceso de adopción. Además, contar con una red de apoyo, compartir experiencias con otros padres y el uso de estrategias personales son las principales estrategias de adaptación de los padres adoptivos que les permiten sobrellevar los sentimientos negativos durante el proceso.

Abstract The adoption process includes important changes in adoptive families, since it implies a restructuring and adaptation to a new organization of the family system. The path to parenthood entails changes at levels of mental, physical and social health, which in the case of adoptive parents, the challenges are greater or are altered in some way due to the unique characteristics of their experiences and the obstacles they face. To these challenges are added the usual stressors that parents face, such as changes in roles, increased stress, lack of sleep, alterations in the relationship and intimacy of the couple and difficulties that arise in raising their children. On the other hand, time is configured as a concrete dimension through which life develop. The relationship between objective time and subjective or psychological time will shape the perception of time that each person has, which has a role in how both individual and family identity develops. This is because people´s actions are influenced by past experiences, current experiences and future expectations. One of the areas of the adoption process that has not yet been deepened is the waiting time, the period of time between obtaining the suitability and assignment of the minor to the adoptive family, which can be considered important for the future family depending on how adoptive parents face it, this because the way in which the adoption process is experienced impacts both the path to parenthood and post-adoption adaptation. In fact, it confirms that waiting time influences the psychological well-being of adoptive parents. Therefore, it is possible to say that adoptive parents elaborate subjective theories about this process and especially in relation to the waiting time for adoption, explanations that could influence the way in which they face this new challenge and prepare for parenthood. The present study aimed to understand subjective theories about the waiting time and experiences of adoptive parenting. Ten adoptive mothers and fathers participated in this study through individual episodic interviews. The data obtained were analyzed using techniques of three analysis procedures: content based on Grounded Theory, specific for subjective theories and time perspective.

Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos / Influence of psychological time and self-control on psychological distress in Argentinian adults

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si la temporalidad subjetiva -perspectiva y foco temporales- y la capacidad de autocontrol e impulsividad repercuten en el malestar psicológico, en particular durante la pandemia por COVID-19. La conjetura teórica es que el tiempo psicológico está estrechamente vinculado a la autorregulación, que influye en el desarrollo de la impulsividad y el autocontrol e impacta en el malestar psicológico. Se diseñó un modelo y se realizó un estudio empírico cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal (. = 279; 78 % mujeres; ME = 30.14 años; DE = 11.21). Los resultados del análisis de correlación mostraron relaciones significativas entre las variables de interés. Para determinar las variables predictoras del malestar psicológico se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. El 48 % de la varianza del malestar psicológico fue explicado por el pasado negativo, autocontrol e impulsividad, y focos temporales futuro y presente. Finalmente, se probó el modelo teórico diseñado para analizar los efectos directos e indirectos del malestar psicológico a través de un análisis de senderos que presentó un buen ajuste a los datos, ya que explicó el 50 % de la varianza de aquel. La perspectiva y el foco temporal explicaron el 53 % de la variabilidad del autocontrol, y presentaron efectos indirectos sobre el malestar psicológico a través del autocontrol. El autocontrol influyó de manera inversa en el malestar. Los hallazgos indican que el tiempo subjetivo y el autocontrol sirven para explicar estados psicológicos, incluso en pandemia, lo cual confirma estudios previos que muestran la importancia de las variables de personalidad -además de las biológicas y contextuales- en la aparición de malestar psicológico.

Abstract Psychological time is an essential aspect of humans. Two of the most important notions of subjective temporality are time perspective and temporal focus. Time perspective is a process by which the flow of personal and social experiences are framed in five different temporal categories: past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and future. Temporal focus refers to the attention people devote to thinking about the past, present, and future. Previous research shows there is a strong relation between psychological time and self-regulatory processes, specifically self-control and impulsivity. Self-control is the ability to inhibit impulsive behaviors or reactions that can keep the person from pursuing the proposed goals. On the other hand, impulsivity refers to a short attention span and a tendency to engage in risky behaviors, and to prefer immediate rewards. Both subjective temporality and self-regulatory processes influence behaviors and psychological states such as psychological distress. In particular, the objective of this study was to find out if subjective temporality -time perspective and temporal focus-- and self-control and impulsivity have repercussions on psychological distress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, in an Argentinian sample. The theoretical conjecture is that subjective temporality is closely linked to self-regulation, which influences the development of impulsivity and self-control, and impacts psychological distress. A quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional empirical study was carried out (. = 279; 78 % women; ME = 30.14 years old; SD = 11.21). Firstly, the results of the correlational analysis showed significant relations between the variables. Then, to facilitate further analyses, an index variable of self-control was created, which included the scores of self-control and three dimensions of impulsivity. An optimal parallel analysis was performed. It indicated the existence of a single dimension. Then a semi-confirmatory factor analysis was ran, which showed acceptable results (KMO = .68; X. (6) = 198.8, . < .001; GFI = .99; RMSR = 0.03). Thirdly, to determine the predictive variables of psychological distress, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. It was found that 48 % of the variance of psychological distress was explained by negative past, self-control index, and future and present temporal focuses (. (4, 266) = 64.66, . < .001, R. = .49, R. adjusted = .48). The best predictor variable was past negative. Afterwards, a theoretical model was tested to explain the direct and indirect causes of psychological distress. It presented a good fit (X./gl = 1.63; GFI = .99; RMSEA = .04). Time perspective and temporal focus explained 53 % of the variability of self-control and presented indirect effects on psychological distress through self-control. Self-control inversely influenced psychological distress; more self-control generates less psychological distress. The model explained half of the variance of psychological distress (R. = .50). The findings indicate that subjective temporality and self-control explain psychological states, even during a pandemic, which confirms previous studies that show the importance of personality variables -in addition to biological and contextual variables- in the manifestation of psychological distress. The results support the theory that psychological time can be considered as a personality trait underlying self-control and psychological distress. A theoretical and practical discussion of the results is presented.

Validación de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff, en adultos mayores cubanos / Validation of Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale in Cuban older adults

Introducción: El bienestar del adulto mayor constituye una prioridad del Sistema Sanitario, por lo que es necesario contar con instrumentos válidos y confiables para su evaluación. Objetivo: Validar la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff, en una muestra de adultos mayores con diagnóstico presuntivo de osteoartrosis de rodilla, de la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. Métodos: Se asumió el paradigma de investigación cuantitativo y un tipo de estudio instrumental. La selección muestral fue probabilística, conformada por 170 adultos mayores. Se aplicó el instrumento Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff (42 aspectos); para el procesamiento de la información se emplearon las pruebas estadísticas: coeficiente alpha de Cronbach y el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio. Resultados: Se determinó una estructura coherente de 5 factores: autoaceptación, propósito en la vida, dominio del entorno, autonomía y relaciones positivas con los demás. Se apreció una elevada consistencia interna de la escala global y sus dimensiones, así como adecuadas correlaciones entre los diversos aspectos. Conclusión: El instrumento posee adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y permite evaluar el constructo en esta población.

Introduction: the well-being of the elderly is a priority of the health system, that is why valid and reliable instruments are necessary for its evaluation. Objective: to validate the Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale in a sample of older adults from Villa Clara province, Cuba with a presumptive diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: a quantitative and instrumental research was assumed. The sample selection was probabilistic, made up of 170 older adults with this condition. The Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale was applied (42 items); statistical tests were used for information processing such as Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Exploratory Factor Analysis. Results: a coherent factorial structure of 5 factors was determined: self-acceptance, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and positive relationships with others. A high internal consistency of the global scale and its dimensions were observed, as well as adequate inter-item correlations. Conclusion: the instrument has adequate psychometric properties and allows us to evaluate the construct in this population.

Minding the gap: The moderating role of education between subjective health and social life perception and Internet use time

Introduction: Internet addiction results in intense and frequent use. There is a gap in the literature in relation to the unawareness of problematic Internet use (PIU) in predicting Internet use time (IUT). Objective: To identify sociodemographic/psychological variables contributing and moderating IUT. Participants: 1,270 participants of the European Social Survey (EES), Round 8. Instruments: EES variables assessing Internet use (IU), health perception, well-being, social life, and sociodemographic variables, underlying the construct. Results: Age, education, sources of household income, social activities compared to others of the same age and subjective general health explain IU per day; and age, years of education, domicile and socially meeting with other people with whom to discuss intimate matters explain IU per week. Education was found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between subjective general health and IU per week; and in the relationship between socially meeting with other people and IU per day. Discussion: Maladaptive IU, when the perception of health is worse, and adaptive IU, when the perception of social life is better, are both suggested, depending on education. Conclusions: These findings point to the need to study IUT involving educational level, keeping in mind that what may be PIU at one educational level may not be the case at another.

Introdução: O vício da Internet traduz-se numa utilização intensa e frequente. Existe uma lacuna na literatura sobre o desconhecimento dos preditores do uso problemático da Internet (PIU) do tempo de utilização da Internet (IUT). Objetivo: Identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas/psicológicas que contribuem e moderam o IUT. Participantes: 1270 participantes da European Social Survey (EES), Round 8. Instrumentos: Variáveis ESS que avaliam a utilização da Internet (IU), perceção de saúde, bem-estar, vida social e variáveis sociodemográficas, sub jacentes ao construto. Resultados: Idade, escolaridade, fontes de renda familiar, atividades sociais em comparação com outras da mesma idade e saúde geral subjetiva explicam IU por dia e idade, anos de escolaridade, domicílio, convívio social com outras pessoas e quem para discutir assuntos íntimos explicam IU por semana. A escolaridade mostrou-se um moderador significativo na relação entre saúde geral subjetiva e IU por semana; e na relação entre encontro social com outras pessoas e IU por dia. Discussão: IU desadaptativa, quando a perceção de saúde é pior, e IU adaptativa, quando a perceção de vida social é melhor, dependem da escolaridade. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem o estudo do IUT de acordo com o nível educacional, pois o que pode ser um PIU num nível educacional pode não ser noutro.

Ser escutado, perceber que suas experiências importam, contribui para o resgate da dignidade do ser humano / Being listened to, realizing that your experiences matter, contributes to the rescue of human dignity

Introdução: o plantão psicológico é uma modalidade de atenção psicológica que se caracteriza pela oferta de uma escuta clínica especializada no exato momento em que o sujeito vivencia uma crise. Essa prontidão na acolhida dialoga com as necessidades do sujeito contemporâneo que, imerso num cenário de indisponibilidade de tempo e afeto, encontra no plantão um lugar de referência com o qual poderá contar para o cuidado em saúde mental. Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre o plantão psicológico do período de 2017 a 2021. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem quali-quanti acerca das publicações sobre o plantão psicológico indexadas no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Resultados: foram encontrados 34 artigos, dos quais 19, por atenderem aos critérios de elegibilidade estabelecidos, integraram este estudo. A produção científica sobre o plantão psicológico vem sendo desenvolvida nos serviços-escola das instituições universitárias, publicadas em veículos de expressiva qualidade, com maior concentração de estudos na região sul do Brasil e com predomínio de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e relatos de experiência. Em relação à temática abordada, foram identificados três núcleos de sentidos: fundamentação teórica do plantão a partir de uma abordagem específica, plantão como prática clínica na formação profissional em psicologia e características dos sujeitos que demandam a clínica do plantão. Conclusão: constatou-se que os estudos sobre o plantão têm trilhado caminhos diversos, incluindo várias abordagens teóricas e práticas em contextos distintos, com destaque para os serviços-escola das universidades, lugar de concepção dessa modalidade clínica e onde se pode fazer a diferença na formação de profissionais comprometidos ética e politicamente com os sujeitos em situação de angústia/sofrimento psíquico, que têm, no plantão, portas abertas para serem escutados, de modo a compreenderem seus problemas e atribuírem novos significados às suas experiências.

Introduction: the psychological 'on duty' is a type of psychological care that is characterized by the provision of specialized clinical listening, at the exact moment when the subject experiences a crisis. This readiness in welcoming dialogues with the needs of the contemporary subject who, immersed in a scenario of unavailability of time and affection, finds, on duty, a place of reference on which he can count on mental health care. Objective: to analyze the scientific production on psychological duty in the period from 2017 to 2021. Methodology: tis a descriptive-exploratory study with a quali-quanti approach about the publications on psychological duty indexed in the CAPES Journal Portal. Results: a total of 34 articles were found, of which 19, as they met the established eligibility criteria, were part of this study. Scientific production on psychological duty has been developed in the teaching services of university institutions, published in vehicles of expressive quality, with a greater concentration of studies in the southern region of Brazil and with a predominance of qualitative research and experience reports. Regarding the topic addressed, three core meanings were identified: the theoretical foundation of the on-duty from a specific approach, on-duty as clinical practice in professional training in psychology and characteristics of the subjects who demand the on-duty clinic. Conclusion: it was found that studies on the on-duty have followed different paths, including several theoretical and practical approaches, in different contexts, with emphasis on university school services, the place where this clinical modality is conceived and where a difference can be made in training of professionals who are ethically and politically committed to subjects in situations of anguish/psychic suffering, who have, on duty, open doors to be listened to, in order to understand their problems and attribute new meanings to their experiences.

Escala de competências socioemocionais para estudantes universitários: Produção de normas e sua relação com bem-estar subjetivo

As competências socioemocionais têm chamado a atenção de pesquisadores e programas de treinamento de habilidades socioemocionais têm sido desenvolvidos em muitos países. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral produzir normas para a escala de competências socioemocionais de estudantes universitários e analisar seu poder preditivo sobre o bem-estar subjetivo. A coleta foi realizada com uma amostra total de 1.020 estudantes de diversos cursos de graduação, de duas instituições de ensino particular do Distrito Federal. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados dois instrumentos. O primeiro foi a escala de competências socioemocionais para estudantes universitários, de Souza, Faiad e Rueda (2021), que realiza a investigação de seis fatores. O segundo instrumento, destinado a mensuração do bem-estar subjetivo, foi composto pela escala de afetos positivos e negativos, de Zanon e Hutz (2014) e a escala de satisfação com a vida, de Zanon, Bardagi, Layous e Hutz (2013). Para análise dos dados foram realizados cálculos de correlações de Pearson e análises de modelos de regressão linear múltipla. Quanto aos resultados, normas para fins de diagnóstico foram produzidas para a população geral. Os resultados mostraram também que a maioria dos fatores de competências socioemocionais para estudantes universitários se correlacionaram significativamente com bem-estar subjetivo e foram capazes de predizer o bem-estar subjetivo. Concluiu-se que a escala de competência socioemocionais de estudante universitários pode ser utilizada para fins de diagnóstico, principalmente por apresentar um estudo normativo.

Socio-emotional skills have attracted the attention of researchers and training programs for socio-emotional skills have been developed worldwide. The general objective of this study was to produce norms for the socio-emotional competence scale of university students, as well as to analyze its predictive power on subjective well-being. The collection was carried out with a total sample of 1,020 students from different undergraduate courses, from two private educational institutions in the Federal District, in Brazil. Two instruments were used for data collection. The first was the Social-emotional Skills Scale for University Students, by Souza et al. (2021), which carries out the investigation of six factors. The second instrument, designed to measure subjective well-being, was composed of the Positive and Negative Affects Scale, by Zanon and Hutz (2014) and the Life Satisfaction Scale, by Zanon et al. (2013). For data analysis, calculations of Pearson correlations and analysis of multiple linear regression models were performed. As for the results, standards for diagnostic purposes were produced for the general population. The results also showed that most factors of socio-emotional competence for university students were significantly correlated with subjective well-being and others were able to predict subjective well-being. It is concluded that the Socio-emotional Competence Scale of University Students can be used for diagnostic purposes, mainly because it presents a normative study.

Las habilidades socioemocionales han llamado la atención de los investigadores y se han desarrollado programas de formación en habilidades socioemocionales en todo el mundo. El objetivo general de este estudio fue producir normas para la escala de competencia socioemocional de estudiantes universitarios, así como analizar su poder predictivo sobre el bienestar subjetivo. La recolección se realizó con una muestra total de 1.020 estudiantes de diferentes carreras de grado, de dos instituciones educativas privadas del Distrito Federal, en Brasil. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos para la recolección de datos. La primera fue la Escala de habilidades socioemocionales para estudiantes universitarios de Souza et al. (2021), que lleva a cabo la investigación de seis factores. El segundo instrumento, destinado a medir el bienestar subjetivo, estuvo compuesto por la Escala de afectos positivos y negativos, de Zanon y Hutz (2014) y la Escala de satisfacción con la vida, de Zanon et al. (2013). Para el análisis de datos, se realizaron cálculos de correlaciones de Pearson y análisis de modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. En cuanto a los resultados, se elaboraron estándares con fines diagnósticos para la población general. Los resultados también mostraron que la mayoría de los factores de competencia socioemocional para estudiantes universitarios se correlacionaron significativamente con el bienestar subjetivo y otros fueron capaces de predecir el bienestar subjetivo. Se concluye que la escala de competencia socioemocional de estudiantes universitarios puede ser utilizada con fines diagnósticos, principalmente porque presenta un estudio normativo.

A clínica psicanalítica das urgências subjetivas no hospital universitário: construção de um caso clínico / Psychoanalysis of subjective urgencies at a university hospital: construing a clinical case / La clínica psicoanalítica de urgencias subjetivas en el hospital universitario: construcción de un caso clínico

O hospital constitui-se como um contexto em que a urgência subjetiva pode vir a se apresentar de forma frequente, instaurando, para cada sujeito, uma vivência de angústia. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar as possibilidades para uma clínica das urgências subjetivas no contexto de um hospital universitário em Salvador, considerando as vivências em uma residência multiprofissional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório, em que se realizou revisão teórica sobre o tema e se construiu um caso clínico, sob orientação psicanalítica. A escolha do caso baseou-se na escuta clínica ao longo dos atendimentos e da atuação em equipe multiprofissional, considerando os impasses ao longo do tratamento. Foram utilizados registros documentais produzidos pela psicóloga residente ao longo dos atendimentos, que ocorreram durante três meses. Os resultados apontam para as contribuições da escuta psicanalítica no tratamento das urgências e na atuação em equipe multiprofissional no contexto hospitalar. A subjetivação da urgência permitiu, no caso em questão, um tratamento pela palavra do que havia incidido diretamente no corpo como fenômeno. Conclui-se pela relevância em discutir o tema da urgência e suscitar novas pesquisas, reintroduzindo no contexto hospitalar a questão sobre a subjetividade.(AU)

Hospitals are contexts in which subjective urgency can frequently materialize, triggering an experience of anguish for each subject. Hence, this research investigates the possibilities of establishing a subjective urgency clinic at a university hospital in Salvador, considering the experiences in a multidisciplinary residence. A qualitative, exploratory research was conducted by means of a theoretical review on the topic and construction of a clinical case, under psychoanalytical advisement. The case was chosen based on clinical listening during the sessions and performance in a multidisciplinary team, considering the obstacles for long-term treatment. Data were collected from documentary records produced by the resident psychologist during three months. Results point to the contributions of psychoanalytic listening to treating subjective urgencies and to the performance of a multidisciplinary team in the hospital context. In the case in question, subjectivation of urgency allowed a treatment through the word of affecting phenomenon. In conclusion, discussing urgency and conducting further research, are fundamental to reintroduce subjectivity in the hospital context.(AU)

El hospital es un contexto en el que frecuentemente se puede percibir una urgencia subjetiva, estableciendo una experiencia de angustia para cada sujeto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar las posibilidades de una clínica de urgencia subjetiva en el contexto de un hospital universitario en Salvador (Brasil), considerando las experiencias en una Residencia Multiprofesional. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, de carácter exploratorio, en la que se realizó una revisión teórica sobre el tema y construcción de un caso clínico, con orientación psicoanalítica. La elección del caso se basó en la escucha clínica a lo largo de las sesiones y actuación en un equipo multidisciplinar, considerando los impasses para el tratamiento a largo plazo. Se utilizaron registros documentales elaborados por el psicólogo residente, durante las atenciones, que se realizaron durante tres meses. Los resultados apuntan a las contribuciones de la escucha psicoanalítica en el tratamiento de urgencias y en la actuación de un equipo multidisciplinario en el contexto hospitalario. La subjetivación de la urgencia permitió, en el caso en cuestión, un tratamiento a través de la palabra de lo que había afectado directamente al cuerpo como fenómeno. Se concluye que es relevante discutir el tema de la urgencia y plantear nuevas investigaciones, reintroduciendo el tema de la subjetividad en el contexto hospitalario.(AU)

Sentidos de (des)regulação do mercado de trabalho no setor da saúde em Portugal / Directions of health labor market (de)regulation in Portugal

Resumo Reconhece-se a escassez de investigação sobre o mercado de trabalho do setor da saúde. Com a ampliação dos fenómenos de precarização objetiva e subjetiva, decorrente da agenda neoliberal de mercadorização do valor do trabalho e das reformas gestionárias da saúde, a "atipicidade" dos vínculos laborais e a "insegurança" de vida dos profissionais de saúde têm introduzido lógicas de segmentação e polarização do mercado de trabalho. Este deixa de ser palco apenas de mercados protegidos, passando a incluir mercados desregulados e "híbridos". Neste artigo pretende-se explorar os sentidos, com implicações desiguais, da (des)regulação do mercado de trabalho no setor da saúde em Portugal. Parte-se de fontes secundárias e de investigação qualitativa suportada em 32 entrevistas semiestruturadas feitas com profissionais de saúde, que atestam o fenômeno da crescente individualização e subcontratação laboral. Propõe-se um modelo conceitual que capte os sentidos de (des)regulação, num continuum de regulação social e mobilidade profissional, traduzindo mercados protegidos (profissionais e internos) e mercados híbridos (terciarizados e secundários) a serem testados por confronto empírico e investigação futura.

Abstract The need for further research on the labor market in the health sector is acknowledged. With the expansion of the phenomena of objective and subjective precariousness, resulting from the neoliberal agenda of commodification of the value of work and the managerial reforms in health, the "atypicality" of labor ties and the "insecurity" of health professionals' lives have introduced segmentation and polarization logics into the labor market. The latter is no longer the stage for protected markets, but includes deregulated and "hybrid" markets. This article aims to explore the directions, with unequal implications, of the (de)regulation of the labor market in the health sector in Portugal. We begin from secondary and qualitative research supported by 32 semi-structured interviews with health professionals, which attest to the phenomenon of increasing individualization and labor subcontracting. A conceptual model is proposed that captures the meanings of (de)regulation, in a continuum of social regulation and professional mobility, translating protected markets (professional and internal) and hybrid markets (outsourced and secondary) to be tested by empirical confrontation and future research.

Trabalho doméstico remunerado e resistência: interseccionando raça, gênero e classe / Paid domestic work and resistance: intersecting race, gender, and class / Trabajo doméstico remunerado y resistencia: intersección entre raza, género y clase

No Brasil, o trabalho doméstico remunerado é essencialmente feminino e emprega cerca de 5,9 milhões de mulheres, correspondendo a 16,8% da ocupação feminina. Desse contingente, 61 % são compostos por mulheres negras. As empregadas domésticas estiveram historicamente submetidas a uma série de aspectos excludentes, como baixa remuneração, contratações à margem da legalidade e discriminação de gênero e raça. Esta pesquisa objetivou compreender a resistência enquanto categoria fundamental para compreensão do trabalho doméstico. Ao falar sobre essa categoria, destacamos a subjetividade que constitui os fenômenos sociais, partindo de uma compreensão dialética e histórica do sujeito e da relação indivíduo-sociedade, inserida em uma historicidade. Os resultados encontrados, coletados por meio de documentos, notícias, reportagens, participações no sindicato da categoria e da realização de entrevistas com cinco domésticas apontam a existência de formas de resistência no campo do trabalho doméstico, compondo movimentos de oposição e reação ao modus operandi colonial e às hierarquias de gênero-raça-classe que formam a sociedade brasileira. A psicologia sócio-histórica foi escolhida como abordagem teórico-metodológica, pois possibilita compreender do homem como ser ativo, social e histórico. Ao investigar as formas de resistência presentes nesse tipo de trabalho, compreende-se a trabalhadora doméstica não como mera consequência da realidade social em que se insere, mas como sujeito ativo que constitui essa realidade e é simultaneamente constituído por ela. Com esta pesquisa, pretende-se contribuir com a crítica à ideologia dominante que subalterniza essas trabalhadoras e as relega à subcidadania, uma condição sem reconhecimento e direitos.(AU)

In Brazil, paid domestic work is essentially female and employs about 5.9 million women, corresponding to 16.8% of the female occupation. Of this contingent, 61% is made up of black women. Domestic workers have historically been subjected to a series of exclusionary aspects, such as low remuneration, hiring outside the legal system and gender and race discrimination. This research aimed to understand resistance as a fundamental category for understanding domestic work. When talking about this category, we highlight the subjectivity that constitutes social phenomena, starting from a dialectical and historical understanding of the subject and the individual-society relationship, inserted in a historicity. The results found, collected from documents, news, reports, participation in the category union and interviews with five domestic workers, point to the existence of forms of resistance in the field of domestic work, composing movements of opposition and reaction to the colonial modus operandi and the gender-race-class hierarchies that make up Brazilian society.Socio-historical psychology was chosen as a theoretical-methodological approach, since it provides an understanding of man as an active, social and historical being. When investigating the forms of resistance present in this type of work, the domestic worker is understood not as a mere consequence of the social reality in which she is inserted, but, as an active subject, who constitutes this reality and is simultaneously constituted by it. This research intends to contribute to the criticism of the dominant ideology that subordinates these workers and relegates them to a sub-citizenship, a condition without recognition and rights.(AU)

El trabajo doméstico remunerado en Brasil es predominantemente femenino y emplea casi 5,9 millones de mujeres, lo que corresponde al 16,8% de la ocupación femenina. El 61% de este grupo está compuesto por mujeres negras. Históricamente, las trabajadoras del hogar han sido sometidas a una serie de aspectos excluyentes, como la baja remuneración, la contratación fuera del sistema legal y la discriminación de género y raza. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender la resistencia como categoría fundamental para entender el trabajo doméstico. Al hablar de esta categoría, se destaca la subjetividad que constituye los fenómenos sociales a partir de una comprensión dialéctica e histórica del sujeto y la relación individuo-sociedad, insertada en una historicidad. Los datos recogidos de documentos, noticias, participación en la categoría unión y entrevistas con cinco sirvientas permitieron concluir que existen formas de resistencia en el ámbito del trabajo doméstico, que se componen de movimientos de oposición y reacción al modus operandi colonial y a jerarquías de género-raza-clase que conforman la sociedad brasileña. La psicología sociohistórica fue el enfoque teórico-metodológico utilizado, ya que proporciona una comprensión del ser humano como ser activo, social e histórico. El análisis de las formas de resistencia presentes en este tipo de trabajo permite identificar la trabajadora doméstica no como una mera consecuencia de la realidad social en la cual se inserta, sino como sujeto activo que constituye esta realidad y, a la vez, es constituido por ella. Se espera que esta investigación pueda contribuir a la crítica de la ideología dominante que subordina a estas trabajadoras, relegándolas a una subciudadanía, una condición sin reconocimiento y sin derechos.(AU)

Experiencias subjetivas del personal de salud durante la emergencia sanitaria en Uruguay / Experiences of health personnel during the health emergency in Uruguay / Vivências subjetivas dos trabalhadores de saúde na emergência sanitária en Uruguay

La emergencia sanitaria COVID-19 impactó en los/as trabajadores de salud, dejando en evidencia: el malestar subjetivo y altos índices de ansiedad y depresión. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las experiencias y vivencias de trabajadores/as de la salud durante la pandemia. La misma se realizó a partir del análisis de las respuestas obtenidas en la pregunta abierta del formulario autoadministrado del proyecto Héroes Uruguay. La población objetivo fue el personal de los servicios de salud integrados al Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud en los tres niveles de atención. Las respuestas fueron agrupadas y categorizadas en base a su frecuencia. La categoría condiciones de trabajo fue la temática más mencionada, seguida de organización del trabajo y vivencias. Realizamos otra categorización sobre los sentidos subjetivos durante la pandemia, nueve categorías son las frecuentes, siendo el 86% de los sentidos subjetivos: ansiedad y estrés, miedo, cansancio, no apoyo social y sobrecarga son los más mencionados. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de las respuestas remite a las condiciones y a la organización del trabajo, se trata de dimensiones claves en la salud del trabajador, en su entorno, y en los procesos de asistencia al paciente y su familia. Este estudio nos permite afirmar la importancia a nivel organizacional y de políticas de salud, de generar entornos laborales seguros y saludables. La emergencia sanitaria generada por el COVID 19, expuso y agudizó la tensión de los sistemas sanitarios y su impacto en la salud y bienestar del personal.

The COVID-19 health emergency impacted health workers, revealing: subjective discomfort and high rates of anxiety and depression. The objective of this work is to analyze the experiences of health workers during the pandemic. It was carried out from the analysis of the answers obtained in the open question of the self-administered form of the Héroes Uruguay project. The target population was the staff of the health services integrated into the National Integrated Health System at the three levels of care. The responses were grouped and categorized based on recurring themes. The working conditions category was the most mentioned theme, followed by work organization and experiences. We carry out another categorization of the subjective senses during the pandemic, nine categories are the most frequent, with 86% of the subjective senses: anxiety and stress, fear, tiredness, lack of social support and overload are the most mentioned. The results show that most of the answers refer to the conditions and organization of work, these are key dimensions in the worker's health, in his environment, and in the patient assisted and his family. This study allows us to affirm the importance at the organizational and health policy level of generating safe and healthy work environments. The health emergency generated by COVID 19 exposed and exacerbated the tension in health systems and its impact on the health and well-being of personnel.

A emergência sanitária da COVID-19 impactou os trabalhadores da saúde, revelando: desconforto subjetivo e altos índices de ansiedade e depressão. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as vivências dos trabalhadores da saúde durante a pandemia. Foi realizada a partir da análise das respostas obtidas na questão aberta do formulário autoaplicável do projeto Héroes Uruguai. A população alvo foram os trabalhadores dos serviços de saúde integrados no Sistema Único de Saúde Integrado nos três níveis de cuidados. As respostas foram agrupadas e categorizadas com base em temas recorrentes. A categoria condições de trabalho foi o tema mais citado, seguido de organização do trabalho e experiências. Realizamos outra categorização dos sentidos subjetivos durante a pandemia, nove categorias são as mais frequentes, com 86% dos sentidos subjetivos: ansiedade e estresse, medo, cansaço, falta de apoio social e sobrecarga são os mais citados. Os resultados mostram que a maioria das respostas se refere às condições e organização do trabalho, dimensões fundamentais na saúde do trabalhador, em seu ambiente, e no paciente assistido e sua família. Este estudo permite afirmar a importância a nível organizacional e da política de saúde de gerar ambientes de trabalho seguros e saudáveis. A emergência de saúde gerada pelo COVID 19 expôs e exacerbou a tensão nos sistemas de saúde e seu impacto na saúde e bem-estar do pessoal.