Gender, psychological distress, and subjective well-being two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain / Género, trastorno psicológico y bienestar subjetivo a dos años del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19 en España / Gênero, distúrbio psicológico e bem-estar subjetivo dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19 na Espanha

Abstract This study aimed to examine gender differences in distress and well-being two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing risk and protective factors for psychological distress and subjective well-being. It is a repeated cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,588 women (50%) and men (50%) from the general Spanish population aged 18-74 years who were assessed online by seven questionnaires and scales. Descriptive, variance, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. From February to April 2022, 57.4% of women and 38.7% of men had psychological distress, percentages that totaled 50.5% and 41.5%, respectively, from October 2022 to February 2023. Women also had greater perceived vulnerability to diseases, more negative feelings, and lower affect balance, resilience, and self-esteem than men. The most important predictors of greater psychological distress refer to lower self-esteem, resilience, and social support and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases. Other statistically significant predictors included lower educational level in women and neither being married nor living with a partner in men. Lower self-esteem also best predicted lower subjective well-being, with lower social support and lower resilience also constituting significant predictors. Moreover, lower educational level and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases statistically and significantly predicted lower subjective well-being in women, as did not being a student in men. We conclude that psychological distress remains greatly prevalent in Spain two years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in women.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las diferencias de género en distrés psicológico y en el bienestar a dos años del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, analizando factores de riesgo y de protección para distrés psicológico y bienestar subjetivo. Se trata de un estudio transversal repetido con una muestra de 1.588 individuos de la población general de España, 50% mujeres y 50% hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 74 años. Los participantes fueron evaluados en línea mediante 7 cuestionarios y escalas. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, de varianza y de regresión múltiple jerárquica. Entre febrero y abril del 2022, el 57,4% de las mujeres y el 38,7% de los hombres presentaron distrés psicológico, con porcentajes del 50,5% y 41,5%, respectivamente, entre octubre del 2022 y febrero del 2023. Las mujeres también presentaron una mayor vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad, más sentimientos negativos, menos equilibrio afectivo y menor resiliencia y autoestima que los hombres. Los indicadores más importantes de un mayor distrés psicológico fueron la baja autoestima, la baja resiliencia, el escaso apoyo social y una mayor vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad. Otros indicadores estadísticamente significativos fueron los siguientes: bajo nivel de educación entre las mujeres y no estar casado o no vivir con una compañera entre los hombres. La baja autoestima también fue el mejor indicador de un bajo bienestar subjetivo; además, el escaso apoyo social y la baja resiliencia también fueron indicadores importantes. Además, el bajo nivel de educación y la alta vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad fueron indicadores estadísticamente significativos de bajo bienestar subjetivo entre las mujeres y de no ser estudiantes entre los hombres. Concluimos que el distrés psicológico sigue siendo muy prevalente en España dos años después del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, especialmente entre las mujeres.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as diferenças de gênero em estresse psicológico e no bem-estar dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19, analisando fatores de risco e de proteção para estresse psicológico e bem-estar subjetivo. Este foi um estudo transversal repetido com amostra de 1.588 indivíduos da população geral da Espanha - 50% do sexo feminino e 50% do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 74 anos. Os participantes foram avaliados online por meio de sete questionários e escalas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, de variância e de regressão múltipla hierárquica. Entre fevereiro e abril de 2022, 57,4% das mulheres e 38,7% dos homens apresentaram estresse psicológico, com porcentagens de 50,5% e 41,5%, respetivamente, entre outubro de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023. As mulheres também apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade percebida à doença, mais sentimentos negativos, menor equilíbrio afetivo e menor resiliência e autoestima do que os homens. Os indicadores mais importantes de maior estresse psicológico foram baixa autoestima, baixa resiliência, baixo apoio social e maior vulnerabilidade percebida à doença. Outros indicadores estatisticamente significativos foram: baixo nível de escolaridade entre as mulheres e não ser casado ou não viver com uma companheira entre os homens. Baixa autoestima também foi o melhor indicador de baixo bem-estar subjetivo; além disso, baixo apoio social e baixa resiliência também foram indicadores significativos. Além disso, baixo nível de escolaridade e alta vulnerabilidade percebida à doença foram indicadores estatisticamente significativos de baixo bem-estar subjetivo entre as mulheres e de não ser estudante entre os homens. Concluímos que estresse psicológico ainda é muito prevalente na Espanha dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19, principalmente entre as mulheres.

Concerns About Inequality in Health, Education and Income Jointly Predict Collective Actions

Introduction: Income inequality is often tolerated and justified, but when it brings about disparities in other domains of life (e.g., health or education), it may be seen with different eyes. In this research, we aimed to explore concerns regarding economic inequality in health, education, and income, and its relationship to supporting collective actions to reduce inequality. Method: We used survey data (N = 20,204, 18 countries) from the Latinobarometer 2020. We conducted descriptive analyses, latent class analyses, and analyses of multilevel linear regression to test our hypothesis. Results: We found that people were more concerned about health access and education opportunities than income inequality. We also identified two classes of people: one class concerned about education and health and the other unconcerned about inequality in any domain. In addition, results showed that all concerns and class membership predicted greater support of collective actions to reduce inequality. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that concerns about education and health disparities may serve to increase awareness of overall inequality and mobilise the public.

Introducción: La desigualdad de ingresos a menudo se tolera y justifica, pero cuando esta conlleva desigualdades en otros ámbitos de la vida (e.g., salud o educación), puede que se vea con ojos diferentes. En este artículo tratamos de explorar la preocupación por la desigualdad económica en salud, educación e ingresos, así como su relación con el apoyo a acciones colectivas para reducir la desigualdad. Método: Usamos datos secundarios (N = 20 204, 18 países) del Latinobarómetro 2020. Llevamos a cabo análisis descriptivos, análisis de clases latentes y análisis de regresión multinivel. Resultados: Encontramos que la gente estaba más preocupada por el acceso a la salud y las oportunidades en educación que por la desigualdad en el ingreso. También identificamos dos perfiles de personas: unas preocupadas por la educación y la salud, y otras poco preocupadas por la desigualdad en ninguno de los ámbitos. Además, los resultados mostraron que todas las preocupaciones y los distintos perfiles predecían un mayor apoyo a las acciones colectivas para reducir la desigualdad. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos preliminares sugieren que la preocupación por las desigualdades en salud y educación podrían servir para aumentar la conciencia sobre la desigualdad general y movilizar al público.

Percepção de religiosidade e forças pessoais: Relação entre os construtos em universitários / Perception of religiosity and characters strengths: Relationship between the constructs in university students

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar as relações entre a percepção de religiosidade e as forças pessoais e as diferenças quanto à idade, ao sexo e nível de religiosidade dos participantes. Para tanto, 92 estudantes, com idades entre 18 e 64 anos (M= 25,13; DP=8,09), de uma universidade particular do estado de São Paulo, responderam à Escala de Avaliação da Percepção de Religiosidade (EAPRE) e à Escala de Forças de Caráter (EFC). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre 21 forças da EFC, e o fator internalização da EAPRE (r entre 0,21 e 0,49), e três forças pessoais com o fator externalização (r entre 0,25 e 0,53). As mulheres apresentaram maiores médias que os homens no fator internalização da EAPRE e em seis forças de caráter da EFC. Além disso, os participantes que se percebiam com alto nível de religiosidade apresentaram maiores médias na força espiritualidade. Pesquisas com outras amostras são necessárias para permitir o amadurecimento dos conceitos investigados, sobretudo no Brasil, onde os instrumentos que avaliam construtos da psicologia positiva estão em desenvolvimento.

This research aimed to investigate the relationships between the perception of religiosity and the character strengths and the differences in age, gender, and level of religiosity of the participants. To this end, 92 students, aged between 18 and 64 years (M= 25.13; SD=8.09), from a private university in the state of São Paulo, answered the Religiosity Perception Assessment Scale (EAPRE) and the Character Strengths Scale (EFC). Significant correlations were found between 21 EFC forces, and the internalization factor of EAPRE (r between 0.21 and 0.49) and three-character strengths with the externalization factor (r between 0.25 and 0.53). Women presented higher averages than men in the internalization factor of PSAE and in six-character strengths of EFC. In addition, the participants who perceived themselves with a high level of religiosity presented higher averages in the spiritual strength. Research with other samples is necessary to allow the maturation of the concepts investigated, especially in Brazil, where the instruments that evaluate positive psychology constructs are under development.

Bienestar subjetivo y satisfacciones de dominios en estudiantes universitarios colombianos / Subjective well-being and domain satisfactions in Colombian university students

Resumen El concepto de bienestar subjetivo se refiere a la forma global, positiva o negativa, en la que las personas evalúan sus vidas y experiencias. La búsqueda de factores que expliquen el bienestar subjetivo, actualmente uno de los temas de mayor interés en la psicología, condujo al concepto de satisfacciones de dominios, que se entienden como los juicios que las personas hacen al evaluar los mayores dominios de vida. Este estudio correlacional tuvo por objetivo establecer la relación de la satisfacción en los dominios económico, de pareja, familia, amigos, salud, vida universitaria y rendimiento académico, con los componentes cognitivo y emocional del bienestar subjetivo (satisfacción vital y felicidad, respectivamente), identificando cuáles de esos dominios lo predicen. La muestra, no probabilística, estuvo conformada por 344 estudiantes de una universidad pública colombiana (50.9 % mujeres y 49.1 % hombres) con edades entre 18 y 29 años (. = 20.89; DT = 2.52). Los resultados mostraron una fuerte relación de todos los dominios con el bienestar subjetivo. La satisfacción en los dominios económico, de pareja, familia, amigos y vida universitaria explicó la varianza de la satisfacción vital y la felicidad en forma diferenciada. Se concluye que: (a) el bienestar se afecta con la satisfacción de necesidades asociadas a los dominios cercanos e importantes para el individuo; (b) las satisfacciones de dominios impactan más el componente cognitivo del bienestar que el emocional; (c) el dominio económico satisface más necesidades cognitivas, la amistad suple necesidades emocionales, y la pareja, la familia y la vida universitaria satisfacen ambas.

Abstract The concept of subjective well-being refers to the overall positive or negative way in which people evaluate their lives and experiences. It is generally accepted that subjective well-being is made up of a cognitive component usually called satisfaction with life or life satisfaction and an emotional component usually referred to as happiness. The search for factors that explain subjective well-being is currently one of the most interesting topics in psychology and led to the concept of domain satisfactions, which are understood as the judgments that people make when evaluating the major domains of life. It refers to the perceived degree of satisfaction that we obtain from the way in which each of these main domains or areas of our lives are developed. This correlational study with predictive intent aimed at establishing the relationship of satisfaction in the economic, couple, family, friends, health, university life, and academic performance domains, with the cognitive and emotional components of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and happiness, respectively), identifying which of these domains predict well-being. The non-probabilistic sample, for convenience, was made up of 344 women and men (50.9 % and 49.1 % respectively) between 18 and 29 years of age (M = 20.89); SD = 2.52), students from an important Colombian public university based in the city of Palmira. The instruments, which include the Diener's life satisfaction and Lyubomirsky and Lepper's happiness scales, and simple items for each domain satisfaction studied (economic, couple, family, friends, health, university life, and academic performance) were answered in a format printed by 64 % of the participants and in virtual format by 36 %, according to their own choice. The results showed that all domain satisfactions were significantly related to both the cognitive and the emotional components of subjective well-being. The results also showed that except for satisfaction with health and academic performance, all other domain satisfactions predicted at least one of the components of subjective well-being. In general, domain satisfactions explained the variance of satisfaction and happiness much better than sociodemographic variables. Thus, it was confirmed that the psychological significance of events that occur in the main areas of people´s lives have much more relevance to well-being than situational factors such as sociodemographic ones. In a different sense, and order of impact, satisfaction with the economic domain, satisfaction with university life, and satisfaction with the couple emerged as the domains that had the greatest influence on life satisfaction, and satisfaction with friends and satisfaction with university life emerged as the strongest predictors of happiness. The results suggest that well-being is especially affected by the satisfaction of needs associated with the closest domains and more important to the individual. These would include the economic domain and relationships that involve affections, but also other domains that, for specific reasons, occupy a relevant place in the individual's internal hierarchy of importance, which may vary among cultures and even among people of the same culture. The above conclusion could explain, among other findings, the significant impact of satisfaction with university life on subjective well-being. The results also suggest that, in general, domain satisfactions have a greater impact on the cognitive component of well-being than on the emotional component, and that, in particular, domains such as economics fundamentally satisfy cognitive needs, friendship fundamentally satisfy emotional needs, and other domains such as couple, family and university life, satisfy both cognitive and emotional needs. This would demonstrate the importance of applying differentiated instruments to study the cognitive and emotional components of well-being.

Teorías subjetivas sobre el tiempo de espera y experiencias de la parentalidad adoptiva / Subjective theories about waiting time and experiences from adoptive parenting

Resumen El proceso de adopción comprende cambios importantes en las familias adoptivas, pues implica una reestructuración y adaptación a una nueva organización del sistema familiar. Durante este proceso los padres elaboran expectativas y creencias respecto a cómo comportarse frente a los cambios y adaptarse a sus hijos, desde donde dirigen sus prácticas de crianza. La percepción del tiempo que tenga cada persona posee un papel en cómo se desarrolla la identidad tanto individual como familiar, pues las experiencias pasadas, vivencias actuales y expectativas del futuro influyen en sus acciones. Por lo tanto, es posible decir que los padres adoptivos elaboran teorías subjetivas sobre este proceso y especialmente en relación con el tiempo de espera de la adopción, explicaciones que podrían incidir en la forma en que enfrentan este nuevo desafío y se preparan para la parentalidad. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comprender las teorías subjetivas sobre el tiempo de espera y las experiencias de la parentalidad adoptiva. Participaron diez madres y padres adoptivos mediante entrevistas episódicas individuales. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos utilizando técnicas de tres procedimientos de análisis: de contenido basado en la Teoría Fundamentada, específico para las teorías subjetivas y de la perspectiva temporal. De los hallazgos se destacan teorías subjetivas de contenido emocional ansioso durante el proceso de adopción. Además, contar con una red de apoyo, compartir experiencias con otros padres y el uso de estrategias personales son las principales estrategias de adaptación de los padres adoptivos que les permiten sobrellevar los sentimientos negativos durante el proceso.

Abstract The adoption process includes important changes in adoptive families, since it implies a restructuring and adaptation to a new organization of the family system. The path to parenthood entails changes at levels of mental, physical and social health, which in the case of adoptive parents, the challenges are greater or are altered in some way due to the unique characteristics of their experiences and the obstacles they face. To these challenges are added the usual stressors that parents face, such as changes in roles, increased stress, lack of sleep, alterations in the relationship and intimacy of the couple and difficulties that arise in raising their children. On the other hand, time is configured as a concrete dimension through which life develop. The relationship between objective time and subjective or psychological time will shape the perception of time that each person has, which has a role in how both individual and family identity develops. This is because people´s actions are influenced by past experiences, current experiences and future expectations. One of the areas of the adoption process that has not yet been deepened is the waiting time, the period of time between obtaining the suitability and assignment of the minor to the adoptive family, which can be considered important for the future family depending on how adoptive parents face it, this because the way in which the adoption process is experienced impacts both the path to parenthood and post-adoption adaptation. In fact, it confirms that waiting time influences the psychological well-being of adoptive parents. Therefore, it is possible to say that adoptive parents elaborate subjective theories about this process and especially in relation to the waiting time for adoption, explanations that could influence the way in which they face this new challenge and prepare for parenthood. The present study aimed to understand subjective theories about the waiting time and experiences of adoptive parenting. Ten adoptive mothers and fathers participated in this study through individual episodic interviews. The data obtained were analyzed using techniques of three analysis procedures: content based on Grounded Theory, specific for subjective theories and time perspective.

Influencia del tiempo psicológico y el autocontrol en el malestar psicológico en adultos argentinos / Influence of psychological time and self-control on psychological distress in Argentinian adults

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si la temporalidad subjetiva -perspectiva y foco temporales- y la capacidad de autocontrol e impulsividad repercuten en el malestar psicológico, en particular durante la pandemia por COVID-19. La conjetura teórica es que el tiempo psicológico está estrechamente vinculado a la autorregulación, que influye en el desarrollo de la impulsividad y el autocontrol e impacta en el malestar psicológico. Se diseñó un modelo y se realizó un estudio empírico cuantitativo, no experimental y transversal (. = 279; 78 % mujeres; ME = 30.14 años; DE = 11.21). Los resultados del análisis de correlación mostraron relaciones significativas entre las variables de interés. Para determinar las variables predictoras del malestar psicológico se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. El 48 % de la varianza del malestar psicológico fue explicado por el pasado negativo, autocontrol e impulsividad, y focos temporales futuro y presente. Finalmente, se probó el modelo teórico diseñado para analizar los efectos directos e indirectos del malestar psicológico a través de un análisis de senderos que presentó un buen ajuste a los datos, ya que explicó el 50 % de la varianza de aquel. La perspectiva y el foco temporal explicaron el 53 % de la variabilidad del autocontrol, y presentaron efectos indirectos sobre el malestar psicológico a través del autocontrol. El autocontrol influyó de manera inversa en el malestar. Los hallazgos indican que el tiempo subjetivo y el autocontrol sirven para explicar estados psicológicos, incluso en pandemia, lo cual confirma estudios previos que muestran la importancia de las variables de personalidad -además de las biológicas y contextuales- en la aparición de malestar psicológico.

Abstract Psychological time is an essential aspect of humans. Two of the most important notions of subjective temporality are time perspective and temporal focus. Time perspective is a process by which the flow of personal and social experiences are framed in five different temporal categories: past negative, past positive, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and future. Temporal focus refers to the attention people devote to thinking about the past, present, and future. Previous research shows there is a strong relation between psychological time and self-regulatory processes, specifically self-control and impulsivity. Self-control is the ability to inhibit impulsive behaviors or reactions that can keep the person from pursuing the proposed goals. On the other hand, impulsivity refers to a short attention span and a tendency to engage in risky behaviors, and to prefer immediate rewards. Both subjective temporality and self-regulatory processes influence behaviors and psychological states such as psychological distress. In particular, the objective of this study was to find out if subjective temporality -time perspective and temporal focus-- and self-control and impulsivity have repercussions on psychological distress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, in an Argentinian sample. The theoretical conjecture is that subjective temporality is closely linked to self-regulation, which influences the development of impulsivity and self-control, and impacts psychological distress. A quantitative, non-experimental, and cross-sectional empirical study was carried out (. = 279; 78 % women; ME = 30.14 years old; SD = 11.21). Firstly, the results of the correlational analysis showed significant relations between the variables. Then, to facilitate further analyses, an index variable of self-control was created, which included the scores of self-control and three dimensions of impulsivity. An optimal parallel analysis was performed. It indicated the existence of a single dimension. Then a semi-confirmatory factor analysis was ran, which showed acceptable results (KMO = .68; X. (6) = 198.8, . < .001; GFI = .99; RMSR = 0.03). Thirdly, to determine the predictive variables of psychological distress, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. It was found that 48 % of the variance of psychological distress was explained by negative past, self-control index, and future and present temporal focuses (. (4, 266) = 64.66, . < .001, R. = .49, R. adjusted = .48). The best predictor variable was past negative. Afterwards, a theoretical model was tested to explain the direct and indirect causes of psychological distress. It presented a good fit (X./gl = 1.63; GFI = .99; RMSEA = .04). Time perspective and temporal focus explained 53 % of the variability of self-control and presented indirect effects on psychological distress through self-control. Self-control inversely influenced psychological distress; more self-control generates less psychological distress. The model explained half of the variance of psychological distress (R. = .50). The findings indicate that subjective temporality and self-control explain psychological states, even during a pandemic, which confirms previous studies that show the importance of personality variables -in addition to biological and contextual variables- in the manifestation of psychological distress. The results support the theory that psychological time can be considered as a personality trait underlying self-control and psychological distress. A theoretical and practical discussion of the results is presented.

Minding the gap: The moderating role of education between subjective health and social life perception and Internet use time

Introduction: Internet addiction results in intense and frequent use. There is a gap in the literature in relation to the unawareness of problematic Internet use (PIU) in predicting Internet use time (IUT). Objective: To identify sociodemographic/psychological variables contributing and moderating IUT. Participants: 1,270 participants of the European Social Survey (EES), Round 8. Instruments: EES variables assessing Internet use (IU), health perception, well-being, social life, and sociodemographic variables, underlying the construct. Results: Age, education, sources of household income, social activities compared to others of the same age and subjective general health explain IU per day; and age, years of education, domicile and socially meeting with other people with whom to discuss intimate matters explain IU per week. Education was found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between subjective general health and IU per week; and in the relationship between socially meeting with other people and IU per day. Discussion: Maladaptive IU, when the perception of health is worse, and adaptive IU, when the perception of social life is better, are both suggested, depending on education. Conclusions: These findings point to the need to study IUT involving educational level, keeping in mind that what may be PIU at one educational level may not be the case at another.

Introdução: O vício da Internet traduz-se numa utilização intensa e frequente. Existe uma lacuna na literatura sobre o desconhecimento dos preditores do uso problemático da Internet (PIU) do tempo de utilização da Internet (IUT). Objetivo: Identificar as variáveis sociodemográficas/psicológicas que contribuem e moderam o IUT. Participantes: 1270 participantes da European Social Survey (EES), Round 8. Instrumentos: Variáveis ESS que avaliam a utilização da Internet (IU), perceção de saúde, bem-estar, vida social e variáveis sociodemográficas, sub jacentes ao construto. Resultados: Idade, escolaridade, fontes de renda familiar, atividades sociais em comparação com outras da mesma idade e saúde geral subjetiva explicam IU por dia e idade, anos de escolaridade, domicílio, convívio social com outras pessoas e quem para discutir assuntos íntimos explicam IU por semana. A escolaridade mostrou-se um moderador significativo na relação entre saúde geral subjetiva e IU por semana; e na relação entre encontro social com outras pessoas e IU por dia. Discussão: IU desadaptativa, quando a perceção de saúde é pior, e IU adaptativa, quando a perceção de vida social é melhor, dependem da escolaridade. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem o estudo do IUT de acordo com o nível educacional, pois o que pode ser um PIU num nível educacional pode não ser noutro.

Ser escutado, perceber que suas experiências importam, contribui para o resgate da dignidade do ser humano / Being listened to, realizing that your experiences matter, contributes to the rescue of human dignity

Introdução: o plantão psicológico é uma modalidade de atenção psicológica que se caracteriza pela oferta de uma escuta clínica especializada no exato momento em que o sujeito vivencia uma crise. Essa prontidão na acolhida dialoga com as necessidades do sujeito contemporâneo que, imerso num cenário de indisponibilidade de tempo e afeto, encontra no plantão um lugar de referência com o qual poderá contar para o cuidado em saúde mental. Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre o plantão psicológico do período de 2017 a 2021. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem quali-quanti acerca das publicações sobre o plantão psicológico indexadas no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Resultados: foram encontrados 34 artigos, dos quais 19, por atenderem aos critérios de elegibilidade estabelecidos, integraram este estudo. A produção científica sobre o plantão psicológico vem sendo desenvolvida nos serviços-escola das instituições universitárias, publicadas em veículos de expressiva qualidade, com maior concentração de estudos na região sul do Brasil e com predomínio de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e relatos de experiência. Em relação à temática abordada, foram identificados três núcleos de sentidos: fundamentação teórica do plantão a partir de uma abordagem específica, plantão como prática clínica na formação profissional em psicologia e características dos sujeitos que demandam a clínica do plantão. Conclusão: constatou-se que os estudos sobre o plantão têm trilhado caminhos diversos, incluindo várias abordagens teóricas e práticas em contextos distintos, com destaque para os serviços-escola das universidades, lugar de concepção dessa modalidade clínica e onde se pode fazer a diferença na formação de profissionais comprometidos ética e politicamente com os sujeitos em situação de angústia/sofrimento psíquico, que têm, no plantão, portas abertas para serem escutados, de modo a compreenderem seus problemas e atribuírem novos significados às suas experiências.

Introduction: the psychological 'on duty' is a type of psychological care that is characterized by the provision of specialized clinical listening, at the exact moment when the subject experiences a crisis. This readiness in welcoming dialogues with the needs of the contemporary subject who, immersed in a scenario of unavailability of time and affection, finds, on duty, a place of reference on which he can count on mental health care. Objective: to analyze the scientific production on psychological duty in the period from 2017 to 2021. Methodology: tis a descriptive-exploratory study with a quali-quanti approach about the publications on psychological duty indexed in the CAPES Journal Portal. Results: a total of 34 articles were found, of which 19, as they met the established eligibility criteria, were part of this study. Scientific production on psychological duty has been developed in the teaching services of university institutions, published in vehicles of expressive quality, with a greater concentration of studies in the southern region of Brazil and with a predominance of qualitative research and experience reports. Regarding the topic addressed, three core meanings were identified: the theoretical foundation of the on-duty from a specific approach, on-duty as clinical practice in professional training in psychology and characteristics of the subjects who demand the on-duty clinic. Conclusion: it was found that studies on the on-duty have followed different paths, including several theoretical and practical approaches, in different contexts, with emphasis on university school services, the place where this clinical modality is conceived and where a difference can be made in training of professionals who are ethically and politically committed to subjects in situations of anguish/psychic suffering, who have, on duty, open doors to be listened to, in order to understand their problems and attribute new meanings to their experiences.

Validación de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff, en adultos mayores cubanos / Validation of Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale in Cuban older adults

Introducción: El bienestar del adulto mayor constituye una prioridad del Sistema Sanitario, por lo que es necesario contar con instrumentos válidos y confiables para su evaluación. Objetivo: Validar la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff, en una muestra de adultos mayores con diagnóstico presuntivo de osteoartrosis de rodilla, de la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. Métodos: Se asumió el paradigma de investigación cuantitativo y un tipo de estudio instrumental. La selección muestral fue probabilística, conformada por 170 adultos mayores. Se aplicó el instrumento Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Carol Ryff (42 aspectos); para el procesamiento de la información se emplearon las pruebas estadísticas: coeficiente alpha de Cronbach y el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio. Resultados: Se determinó una estructura coherente de 5 factores: autoaceptación, propósito en la vida, dominio del entorno, autonomía y relaciones positivas con los demás. Se apreció una elevada consistencia interna de la escala global y sus dimensiones, así como adecuadas correlaciones entre los diversos aspectos. Conclusión: El instrumento posee adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y permite evaluar el constructo en esta población.

Introduction: the well-being of the elderly is a priority of the health system, that is why valid and reliable instruments are necessary for its evaluation. Objective: to validate the Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale in a sample of older adults from Villa Clara province, Cuba with a presumptive diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Methods: a quantitative and instrumental research was assumed. The sample selection was probabilistic, made up of 170 older adults with this condition. The Carol Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale was applied (42 items); statistical tests were used for information processing such as Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Exploratory Factor Analysis. Results: a coherent factorial structure of 5 factors was determined: self-acceptance, purpose in life, environmental mastery, autonomy, and positive relationships with others. A high internal consistency of the global scale and its dimensions were observed, as well as adequate inter-item correlations. Conclusion: the instrument has adequate psychometric properties and allows us to evaluate the construct in this population.

Escala de competências socioemocionais para estudantes universitários: Produção de normas e sua relação com bem-estar subjetivo

As competências socioemocionais têm chamado a atenção de pesquisadores e programas de treinamento de habilidades socioemocionais têm sido desenvolvidos em muitos países. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral produzir normas para a escala de competências socioemocionais de estudantes universitários e analisar seu poder preditivo sobre o bem-estar subjetivo. A coleta foi realizada com uma amostra total de 1.020 estudantes de diversos cursos de graduação, de duas instituições de ensino particular do Distrito Federal. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados dois instrumentos. O primeiro foi a escala de competências socioemocionais para estudantes universitários, de Souza, Faiad e Rueda (2021), que realiza a investigação de seis fatores. O segundo instrumento, destinado a mensuração do bem-estar subjetivo, foi composto pela escala de afetos positivos e negativos, de Zanon e Hutz (2014) e a escala de satisfação com a vida, de Zanon, Bardagi, Layous e Hutz (2013). Para análise dos dados foram realizados cálculos de correlações de Pearson e análises de modelos de regressão linear múltipla. Quanto aos resultados, normas para fins de diagnóstico foram produzidas para a população geral. Os resultados mostraram também que a maioria dos fatores de competências socioemocionais para estudantes universitários se correlacionaram significativamente com bem-estar subjetivo e foram capazes de predizer o bem-estar subjetivo. Concluiu-se que a escala de competência socioemocionais de estudante universitários pode ser utilizada para fins de diagnóstico, principalmente por apresentar um estudo normativo.

Socio-emotional skills have attracted the attention of researchers and training programs for socio-emotional skills have been developed worldwide. The general objective of this study was to produce norms for the socio-emotional competence scale of university students, as well as to analyze its predictive power on subjective well-being. The collection was carried out with a total sample of 1,020 students from different undergraduate courses, from two private educational institutions in the Federal District, in Brazil. Two instruments were used for data collection. The first was the Social-emotional Skills Scale for University Students, by Souza et al. (2021), which carries out the investigation of six factors. The second instrument, designed to measure subjective well-being, was composed of the Positive and Negative Affects Scale, by Zanon and Hutz (2014) and the Life Satisfaction Scale, by Zanon et al. (2013). For data analysis, calculations of Pearson correlations and analysis of multiple linear regression models were performed. As for the results, standards for diagnostic purposes were produced for the general population. The results also showed that most factors of socio-emotional competence for university students were significantly correlated with subjective well-being and others were able to predict subjective well-being. It is concluded that the Socio-emotional Competence Scale of University Students can be used for diagnostic purposes, mainly because it presents a normative study.

Las habilidades socioemocionales han llamado la atención de los investigadores y se han desarrollado programas de formación en habilidades socioemocionales en todo el mundo. El objetivo general de este estudio fue producir normas para la escala de competencia socioemocional de estudiantes universitarios, así como analizar su poder predictivo sobre el bienestar subjetivo. La recolección se realizó con una muestra total de 1.020 estudiantes de diferentes carreras de grado, de dos instituciones educativas privadas del Distrito Federal, en Brasil. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos para la recolección de datos. La primera fue la Escala de habilidades socioemocionales para estudiantes universitarios de Souza et al. (2021), que lleva a cabo la investigación de seis factores. El segundo instrumento, destinado a medir el bienestar subjetivo, estuvo compuesto por la Escala de afectos positivos y negativos, de Zanon y Hutz (2014) y la Escala de satisfacción con la vida, de Zanon et al. (2013). Para el análisis de datos, se realizaron cálculos de correlaciones de Pearson y análisis de modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. En cuanto a los resultados, se elaboraron estándares con fines diagnósticos para la población general. Los resultados también mostraron que la mayoría de los factores de competencia socioemocional para estudiantes universitarios se correlacionaron significativamente con el bienestar subjetivo y otros fueron capaces de predecir el bienestar subjetivo. Se concluye que la escala de competencia socioemocional de estudiantes universitarios puede ser utilizada con fines diagnósticos, principalmente porque presenta un estudio normativo.

A dimensão subjetiva do período pré-eleitoral de 2022: um estudo a partir da psicologia sócio-histórica / The subjective dimension of the 2022 pre-election period: a study based on socio-historical psychology

Considerando as movimentações políticas recentes, a polarização e a escalada reacionária no cenário brasileiro, este artigo visa analisar a dimensão subjetiva das eleições presidenciais do ano de 2022, voltando-se para o período pré-eleitoral. Para tanto realizou-se, primeiramente, uma revisão de literatura interdisciplinar na qual se buscou compreender as raízes de nosso contexto político atual. Tendo estes referenciais, objetivou-se, especificamente, entender como a Psicologia Sócio-Histórica pode, por meio da metodologia da análise de discurso dos núcleos de significação e do conceito de dimensão subjetiva da realidade, ajudar na interpretação deste evento sócio-político. Com isso em mãos, procurou-se analisar comentários de uma publicação de maio de 2022 sobre a intenção de voto dos brasileiros nas eleições presidenciais deste ano divulgada pelo veículo de imprensa UOL na rede social Instagram. Após essa exposição, discorreu-se a respeito do caráter polarizado deste período pré-eleitoral iniciado gradativamente a partir de 2013. Também se atentou para a natureza autoritária que parte dos apoiadores de Bolsonaro possuem, o que remonta ao histórico político nacional e cerceia a democracia. Por fim, apontou-se para a importância de se pensar a política para além de seu caráter institucional e racional, entendendo-a igualmente como espaço de formação de subjetividades.

Considering the recent political movements, polarization and reactionary fascist escalation in the Brazilian scenario, this paper aimed to analyze the subjective dimension of the 2022 presidential elections, focusing on the pre-election period. In order to do so, an interdisciplinary literature review was made, this review sought to understand the roots of our current political context. Having these references, the specific objective was to understand how Socio-Historical Psychology could, through the methodology of discourse analysis of the nucleus meaning and the concept of the subjective dimension of reality, help in the interpretation of this socio-political event. With this, it was analyzed comments from a May 2022 post about Brazilians' voting intentions in this year's presidential elections, published by UOL on Instagram. After this exposure, the polarized aspect that this pre-election is taking, that began in 2013, was discussed. Attention was also paid to the authoritarian nature that part of Bolsonaro's supporters have, which goes back to the national political history and limits democracy. Finally, it was pointed out the importance of thinking about politics beyond its rational and institutional profile, also understanding it as a space for the formation of the subjectivity.

Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging of subjective tinnitus related mood disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Subjective tinnitus refers to the subjective sound perception of patients in the absence of an external sound stimulus.Tinnitus patients are often accompanied by emotional disorders, such as depression and anxiety, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients.Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying the occurrence of tinnitus emotional disorders can help relieve the pain of tinnitus.Tinnitus was considered a simple ear disease in the early stages, but with the progress of neuroimaging technology and the development of animal models, increasing attention has been given to the changes in the neural structure and function of tinnitus patients.As a powerful technique for in vivo investigation of neural activity in the brain, multimodal magnetic resonance has been widely used in the study of subjective tinnitus.By observing the changes of brain structure in subjective tinnitus patients, the neural mechanism of the occurrence and development of tinnitus has been explored.This article reviewed recent multimodal magnetic resonance imaging studies on the neuroimaging mechanisms of tinnitus with mood disorders, compared the differences in neural activity between subjective tinnitus patients and healthy people, and found that the limbic system, default mode network and other neural network abnormalities were closely related to the mood disorders of tinnitus.The application and development of multimodal magnetic resonance techniques in subjective tinnitus were also discussed to elucidate the neural mechanism of subjective tinnitus accompanied by mood disorders with the help of multimodal magnetic resonance techniques.

Application of context-input-process-product model combined with integrated teaching in standardized training of medical oncology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the application of the decision-oriented context-input-process-product (CIPP) model combined with integrated teaching in standardized training of medical oncology.Methods:A total of 98 standardized training residents who participated in standardized training in Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, were enrolled as subjects, and they were divided into control group and observation group using a simple random number table, with 49 residents in each group. The residents in the control group received routine teaching, and those in the observation group received CIPP model combined with integrated teaching. The two groups were compared in terms of department examination score and assessment of subjective learning effect, and the observation group was assessed in terms of critical thinking ability before and after training. SPSS 22.0 was used for the t-test. Results:Compared with the control group, the observation group had significant increases in theoretical examination score ( t=2.95, P=0.004), practical operation score ( t=17.04, P<0.001), and total score ( t=3.55, P=0.001). After training, the observation group had significant increases in the scores of each dimension of critical thinking ability and the total score of critical thinking ability ( t=2.89, 3.55, 3.37, 3.20, 3.13, 2.67, 3.06, 3.13; P=0.005, 0.001, 0.001, 0.002, 0.002, 0.009, 0.003, 0.002). The observation group had significantly higher assessment scores of subjective learning effect than the control group ( t=3.46, 3.56, 2.83, 2.85, 2.57, 3.07; P=0.001, 0.001, 0.006, 0.005, 0.012, 0.003). Conclusion:The CIPP model combined with integrated teaching can improve the department examination score and critical thinking ability of standardized training residents in medical oncology, with good assessment results of subjective learning effect.

Mediating effect of work-family conflict and work-family enrichment in the relationship between job demands and subjective well-being among nurses / 中国职业医学

Objective: To investigate the mechanisms of work-family conflict (WFC) and work-family enrichment (WFE) between job demands and subjective well-being (SWB) among nurses. Methods: A total of 1 420 nurses were selected as the study subjects from five tertiary public hospitals in Shandong Province using two-stage sampling method. Job Demands-Resources Scale, Work-Family Relationship Scale and General Well-Being Scale were used for investigating the job demands, job resources, WFC, WFE, and SWB. Results: The average score of SWB in nurses was (75.5±15.1). Job demands had a negative effect on SWB in nurses (standardized regression coefficient=-0.17, P<0.01). WFC and WFE played parallel mediating roles in the relationship between job demands and SWB, with the mediating effect values of -0.29 and -0.07, respectively (both P<0.01). The interaction of job resources and job demands positively affected WFC (standardized regression coefficient<0.01, P<0.01). Conclusion: Job demands affect SWB through the mediating roles of WFC and WFE, and the impact of job demands on WFC is moderated by job resources. The effect of job demands on WFC is relatively strong in nurses with high levels of job resources, but the difference in the effect of high and low levels of job resources is small.

Effects of kangaroo nursing after cesarean section on paternal role adjustment and subjective well-being for first-time fathers / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of kangaroo nursing after cesarean section on the paternal role adaptation and subjective well-being of first-time fathers.Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 160 first-time fathers of newborns delivered by cesarean section from May 2021 to May 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were continuously selected as research objects and randomly divided into experimental group (80 cases) and control group (80 cases) by random number table method. In the control group, the nursing staff carried out routine obstetric care after the birth of the newborns, the newborns were swaddled to keep warm and transferred to the ward, the fathers took care of them by the side; and the fathers were given postnatal routine education and guidance once a day, including newborn bathing, touching and umbilical buttock care, maternal breast care, breastfeeding, diet, medication and discharge precautions etc. The experimental group were given kangaroo nursing on care basis of control group: the father took a comfortable position that half leaned on the recliner with his shirt unbuttoned, the naked newborn was placed on the father′s chest at an angle of approximately 60 degree on the head up and feet down for maximum skin to skin contact with the help of researchers. The newborn′s back was covered with a blanket and wrapped in the father′s clothes, soft music was playing throughout the whole process, meanwhile, researchers encouraged interactions through verbal communications and touching between the father and the newborn. After newborns returned to the ward, they were given kangaroo nursing immediately by the fathers for the first time, and then twice a day in the same way, lasting for 30-40 min every time, and a total of 6 times of kangaroo nursing were completed during in first 3 days after birth. The average hospitalization period of both groups was 5 days. The father-role adjustment scale and subjective well-being scale were asseessed in the fathers, the independent sample t test was used to compare differences of father-role adjustment level and subjective well-being at the time of discharge between the two groups, the Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the two variables. Results:The total score of paternal role adaptation, and the three dimensions scores including role identity, parent-child attachment establishment and nursing behavior implementation in the experimental group were all significantly higher than those in the control group (83.91±7.90 vs 78.79±9.44, 28.94±2.64 vs 27.85±3.36, 28.39±3.15 vs 26.46±3.52, 26.59±4.26 vs 24.48±3.81) ( t=3.725, 2.276, 3.647, 3.309, all P<0.05). The total score of subjective well-being, and the three dimensions scores including health worry, energy, melancholy or pleasant mood in the experimental were all significantly higher than those in the control group (88.34±6.38 vs 83.43±7.26, 7.70±1.77 vs 6.95±1.46, 20.03±3.15 vs 18.76±2.94, 19.41±2.01 vs 17.99±2.68) ( t=4.546, 2.928, 2.625, 3.805, all P<0.05), and were all significantly higher than those before the intervention (74.83±5.84, 6.11±2.22, 16.98±2.68, 15.18±2.13) ( t=13.069, 5.207, 6.261, 13.332, all P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between fathers′ subjective well-being and paternal role adaptation ( r=0.614, P<0.001). Conclusions:The father-centered kangaroo nursing after cesarean section can improve postpartum paternal role adaptation and subjective well-being of first-time fathers. There is a positive correlation between the subjective well-being and the paternal role adaptation level.

Correlation between ambulatory blood pressure variability and the progression of subjective cognitive decline / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To analyze the correlation between ambulatory blood pressure variability and the progression of subjective cognitive decline (SCD).Methods:In this prospective observational study, the overall sampling method was used to continuously select 100 patients with SCD in the Department of Neurology, Changshu First People′s Hospital and Changshu Xinzhuang People′s Hospital from January 1 2016 to June 30 2017. The baseline demographic characteristics of the patients were collected. The Chinese version of SCD-Q9 questionnaire was used to self-evaluate SCD, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) was used to evaluate objective cognitive impairment. All patients received 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and 24 h systolic coefficient of variation (SCV) and diastolic coefficient of variation (DCV) were calculated. The follow-up period was 4 years after the first visit, and the MoCA scale was evaluated once a year. Finally, 83 patients completed the follow-up and were included in this study. According to the MoCA score at the end of follow-up (<26 or ≥26), the patients were divided into progression group (39 cases) and non-progression group (44 cases). The difference of MoCA score between baseline and last follow-up was calculated in the progression group. The difference in demographic characteristics between the two groups was compared with χ2 test. The difference of 24 h SCV and 24 h DCV between the two groups were compared by rank sum test. The correlation between 24 h SCV and MoCA score difference or SCD-Q9 score in the progression group were tested by multiple linear regression analysis. Results:The 4-year progression rate of SCD patients was 46.99% (39/83). There was no significant differences in baseline age, gender, education level, medical history, smoking history, SCD-Q9 score and MoCA score between the progressive group and the non-progressive group (all P>0.05). The 24 h SCV in the progressive group was significantly higher than that in the non-progressive group [13.4% (9.9%, 15.6%) vs 10.9% (9.7%, 12.7%), U=594.50, P=0.016]. There was no significant difference in 24 h DCV between the two groups ( P>0.05). In progressive group, the 24 h SCV was negatively correlated with MoCA score difference ( r=-0.368, P=0.021). Conclusion:There is a correlation between ambulatory blood pressure variability and SCD progression, high 24 h SCV may be one of the factors of SCD progression and has certain predictive value.

Postoperative visual acuity assessment of different intraocular lens implantation regimens in patients with high myopia and cataract / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the visual quality of patients with high myopia and cataract who received micro binocular single vision implantation of Tecnis Symfony intraocular lens(IOL), hybrid implantation of Tecnis Symfony IOL and Tecnis ZMB00 multifocal IOL, and binocular implantation of AcrySof IQ Panoptix IOL.METHODS: A prospective non-randomized controlled study was conducted to select patients with high myopia and cataract who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from August 2020 to March 2022. According to the different IOL implantation schemes selected by patients, they are divided into micro single vision group, hybrid group and trifocal group. The postoperative follow-up was 3mo. The observation indexes included uncorrected far(5m), middle(80, 60cm)and near(33cm)visual acuity at 3mo after operation, contrast sensitivity(CS), uncorrected defocus curve under far vision, subjective visual quality score and light interference at 1 and 3mo after operation.RESULTS: There was no significant difference among the three groups in uncorrected far(5m)and middle(60cm)visual acuity at 3mo after operation(P<0.05); Uncorrected middle(80cm)distance visual acuity in the micro single vision group was similar to that in the hybrid group, and both were better than that in the trifocal group(P<0.05); Uncorrected near(33cm)distance vision of the hybrid group showed the best, followed by the trifocal group, and the lowest was in the micro single vision group(all P<0.05). The CS of dark light plus glare(12, 18c/d)was the best in the trifocal group, followed by the hybrid group, and the lowest was in the micro single vision group(all P<0.05). The defocus curve at 3mo after operation showed a span of +1.00～-3.00D, and the visual acuity of the three groups was better than 0.3 LogMAR; In the span of -1.00～-1.25D, the visual acuity of the hybrid group and micro single vision group was better than that of the trifocal group(all P<0.05); In the span of -3.00～-3.50D, the visual acuity of the hybrid group was the best, followed by trifocal group, and the lowest was in the micro single vision group(all P<0.05). At 3mo after operation, there was no significant difference in subjective visual quality scores among the three groups(P<0.05). Light interference in the micro single vision group was higher than that of the other two groups at 1mo after operation(P<0.05), and it decreased in the three groups at 3mo after operation, with no statistical significance(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The three IOL implantation schemes can provide excellent visual quality for patients with high myopia and cataract. The vision of the micro single vision group and the hybrid group is better in the span of -1.00～-1.25D, and the hybrid group performs the best near vision in the span of -3.00～-3.50D. Although the design of micro single vision can make up for the weakness of Symfony IOL's lack of near vision, it is still worse than the hybrid group and the trifocal group.

Effects of Satir model group intervention on coping style, self-consistency and congruence and subjective well-being among re-employment nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Satir model group intervention on stress coping style, self-consistency and congruence and subjective well-being of re-employment nurses, in order to provide evidence for nursing managers to take targeted intervention measures.Methods:This was a quasi-experimental study. Convenience sampling was used to select 63 re-employment nurses from Shandong Provincial Third Hospital in 2021 as the research objects. The re-employment nurses were divided into control group (32 cases) and observation group (31 cases) by random number table method. The control group received humanistic care including heart-to-heart talk, group discussion and psychological lecture, and the observation group received Satir model group intervention for 6 weeks. Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Self Consistency and Congruence Scale and General Well-Being Scale were used to evaluate the intervention effect before intervention, immediately after intervention, 3 months after intervention, and 6 months after intervention.Results:There was no significant difference in coping style, self-consistency and congruence and subjective well-being between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05). The positive coping scores of the observation group immediately after intervention, 3 months after intervention and 6 months after intervention were (28.94 ± 2.99), (28.71 ± 4.70) and (29.16 ± 3.23) points, significantly higher than the control group (23.38 ± 5.50), (24.72 ± 5.91), (24.65 ± 5.65) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.96, 2.96, 3.87, all P<0.01); the total self-consistency and congruence scores were (94.52 ± 14.00), (99.87 ± 16.82), (91.84 ± 10.36) points, significantly lower than the control group (105.72 ± 10.75), (114.23 ± 20.10), (107.41 ± 13.39) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=-3.57, -3.07, -5.15, all P<0.01); the total subjective well-being scores were (84.97 ± 7.37), (84.58 ± 10.33), (91.84 ± 7.01) points, which were higher than the control group (75.69 ± 7.94), (77.28 ± 8.27), (77.00 ± 8.48) points, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.80, 3.69, 7.56, all P<0.01). Conclusions:Satir model group intervention can improve the coping style, enhance the level of self-consistency and congruence and subjective well-being among re-employment nurses.

Applicability of Modified Pediatric Nutritional Risk Screening Tool in children with cerebral palsy / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the scheme of assigning rational scores to the Modified Pediatric Nutritional Risk Screening Tool for children with cerebral palsy(CP) at different Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS) levels.Methods:The clinical data of 360 children with CP hospitalized in the Department of Children′s Rehabilitation, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January to October 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.All the CP children at different GMFCS levels who met the inclusion criteria were subject to nutrition screening and assessment by using the Modified Pediatric Nutritional Risk Screening Tool and the Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment(SGNA) scale.The distribution of malnutrition rates assessed by the SGNA scale among the children at different GMFCS levels was examined.Data between groups were compared by the χ2 test.Children at different GMFCS levels were divided into different subgroups according to the statistical difference.Then, 0 or 1 score was assigned to the Modified Pediatric Nutritional Risk Screening Tool in different subgroups, and different combinations were formed.The nutritional risk screening results of different combinations were evaluated by using the SGNA scale assessment results as a reference. Results:In children with CP, the risk detection rate and incidence rate of malnutrition were 58.1%(209/360) and 36.9%(133/360), respectively.There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of malnutrition between GMFCS Ⅱ and GMFCS Ⅲ, as well as between GMFCS Ⅳ and GMFCS Ⅴ(all P>0.05). Therefore, children with CP were divided into 3 subgroups, namely, group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ to Ⅲ, and group Ⅳ to Ⅴ.Different CP disease scores were given to the Modified Pediatric Nutritional Risk Screening Tool in 3 subgroups, forming 3 different protocols[protocol 1 (0, 0, 1 point); protocol 2(0, 1, 1 point); current protocol (1, 1, 1 point)]. Taking the SGNA scale assessment results as a reference, the sensitivity of protocol 1, protocol 2 and current protocol were 85.7%, 92.5%, and 93.2% respectively.The specificity protocol 1, protocol 2 and current protocol were 81.1%, 78.0%, and 62.6%, respectively.And the Youden indexes of above three protocols were 0.668, 0.705, and 0.558, respectively.The Youden index of protocol 2 was relatively high. Conclusions:The Modified Pediatric Nutritional Risk Screening Tool can effectively identify the risk of malnutrition in children with CP.The scheme of assigning 0 points to children with GMFCS grade Ⅰ and 1 point to children with GMFCS grade Ⅱ to Ⅴ is more reasonable.

The mediating effect of resilience on anxiety and subjective well-being in occupational population / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the current situation of anxiety, subjective well-being in occupational population and the mediating effect of resilience. Methods: From March 24th to 26th, 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among occupational population aged ≥18 years old using online questionnaires. A total of 2134 valid questionnaires were obtained, with respondents from 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Their general demographic data, subjective well-being, anxiety, and resilience were collected. Pearson χ(2) test and Spearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis, and structural equation model was used to explore the mediating effect of resilience on anxiety and subjective well-being. Results: The age of the respondents ranged from 18 to 60 years old, with an average age of (31.19±7.09) years old, including 1075 (50.4%) women and 1059 (49.6%) men. The positive rates of low subjective well-being and anxiety were 46.5% (992/2134) and 28.4% (607/2134), respectively. Anxiety scores were significantly negatively correlated with subjective well-being scores and resilience scores (r(s)=-0.52, -0.41, P<0.05), while resilience was significantly positively correlated with subjective well-being (r(s)=0.32, P<0.05). Structural equation models showed that anxiety had a negative predictive effect on subjective well-being, while resilience not only had a positive predictive effect on subjective well-being, but also played a mediating role between anxiety and subjective well-being, with a mediating effect of 9.9%. Conclusion: The situation of anxiety and well-being in the occupational population is still not optimistic, and resilience has a mediating effect between anxiety and subjective well-being.