ABSTRACT
The incidence of sternoclavicular joint dislocation is rare due to its specially physiological anatomy. At present, the main therapy of sternoclavicular joint dislocation is operation, including the sternoclavicular joint reconstruction, internal clavicle resection and internal fixation with thoracoclavicular joint. Overall,surgical treatment is difficult to operate and has high risk. The article summarized the relevant literature and reviewed the treatment of sternoclavicular joint dislocation as follows.
ABSTRACT
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is well known disease which induces cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and metabolic sequelae. Positive airway pressure (PAP) is considered as standard and primary therapy of choice in OSA. However, compliance continues to be a problem for many patients despite advances in PAP for obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep apnea surgery is a viable option for patients who are intolerant of positive pressure therapy and should be one column in treatment of this disease. This review will present the current state in sleep apnea surgery, including concept of surgery, formulation of surgical planning through a lot of factors which should be considered, as well as introduction of various surgical techniques which have been used world widely, and perioperative cares.