The Connotation and Clinical Significance of “Spleen Governs Time” based on the Zangxiang （藏象） Time-space View / 中医杂志

There are different views on the theory of “spleen governs time”， which is still a hot spot in the study of Zangxiang （藏象） theory. Based on Zangxiang time-space view， it is found that the thinking mode of the spleen governing time theory follows space-time logic. It is believed that the different time views of the spleen governing time are all formed based on the space view that the spleen belongs to earth and resides in the center， and the zang time theory is developed with the unified time and space logic. Guided by Zangxiang time-space view， the origin of the spleen belonging to earth and residing in the center is traced， and the theoretical connotation and its clinical application of spleen governing time under different time-space logic are explored with reference to the four season and five zang theory， five season and five zang theory， six season and six zang theory， and eight season and eight zang theory.

Research progress on the epidemiology of tsutsugamushi disease of summer type in China / 预防医学

@#Tsutsugamushi disease, also known as scrub typhus, is a zoonosis caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, with rats as the main sources of infection and chigger mites as the only medium of transmission, and has no effective vaccines. Tsutsugamushi disease can be divided into summer, autumn and winter types according to seasons in China, while the summer type is characterized by strong virulence, typical and severe symptoms, high rates of misdiagnosis and mortality. The summer type of tsutsugamushi disease is distributed in the south of 31°N in China, with the epidemic time from June to August, and the cases are predominantly females, farmers and people at ages of over 40 years. Affected by natural environment, social and economic factors, the epidemic areas and the number of cases of summer type of tsutsugamushi disease are increasing continuously. Based on publications pertaining to the epidemiology of summer type of tsutsugamushi disease in China from 1960 to 2023, this review summarizes the mechanism of transmission, epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for prevention and control of summer type of tsutsugamushi disease in China.

Efecto de los cultivos de cobertura invernales sobre el microbioma del suelo: revisión sistemática de la literatura / Effect of winter cover crops on the soil microbiome: a systematic literature review

Resumen La inclusión de cultivos de cobertura invernales (CCI) en un sistema de siembra directa (SD) en reemplazo del barbecho constituye una alternativa promisoria para mejorar la salud del suelo y contribuir a la sustentabilidad ambiental de los sistemas agrícolas. Esta revisión ofrece un panorama integral de los efectos sobre el microbioma del suelo que tiene la introducción de CCI en rotación con cultivos de verano en sistemas de SD vs. el barbecho desnudo. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura que reporta los efectos de los CCI sobre los parámetros de abundancia, actividad y diversidad microbiana del suelo. Combinando 7 criterios de búsqueda se seleccionaron y analizaron 22 trabajos. El conjunto de resultados de esos trabajos muestra que la actividad enzimática del suelo se ve favorecida con la inclusión de CCI en la rotación, principalmente si estos se componen de leguminosas y mezclas de especies. Más de la mitad de esos trabajos reportan una mayor biomasa microbiana con CCI que con barbecho. Además, se advierte que los efectos de los CCI sobre los parámetros microbianos son independientes de la duración de los ensayos. Sin embargo, aún se necesitan más investigaciones básicas que permitan reducir la heterogeneidad entre estudios y comprender las complejas interacciones que ocurren entre los CCI y el microbioma del suelo.

Abstract The inclusion of winter cover crops (WCC) in no-till (NT) systems in replacement of bare fallow is a promising alternative to improve soil health and consequently, contribute to environmental sustainability of agricultural systems. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of the use of WCC in rotation with summer cash crops under NT systems on the soil microbiome versus bare fallows. A systematic literature search was conducted to evaluate the impact of WCC on microbial parameters indicative of abundance, activity and diversity. Twenty-two papers were selected based on seven combined criteria. The results of this review show that enzyme activities in soil are enhanced with the inclusion of WCC in the rotation, particularly those that include legumes and mix of species. ln general, more than half of the analyzed papers report higher microbial biomass in soils with WCC than in bare fallow. Interestingly, the effects of WCC on microbial parameters are independent of the duration of the experiments. However, more basic research is necessary to reduce the heterogeneity of the studies and to better understand the complexity of the interactions between WCC and the soil microbiome.

Global warming and the Summer Olympic and Paralympic games: a perspective from the Tokyo 2020 Games

The Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games provided a significant opportunity to consider global warming as an issue to be seriously addressed to run the safe and fair games in the era of climate change. As the global temperature continuously rises and extreme hot-weather events increase in frequency and intensity, the future summer Olympic and Paralympic games will need to deal with the heat by applying thorough and appropriate countermeasures. In the recent decades, many mitigation measures to protect athletes from heat have been rapidly discussed by the sports community, including countermeasures to hold games at times and places with moderate temperature and climatic risk assessments with Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) during the games. However, the excessive heat conditions in the Tokyo 2020 Games affected not only athletes, but also all people concerned the events. While deliberate considerations by organizers had been given to mitigate extraordinary heat, the evaluations of these measures and epidemiological analyses of risk factors of patients must be further enhanced to develop efficient measures for the future. Therefore, we discussed the underlying climate-related problems of the summer Olympic and Paralympic Games in view of what we had experienced in the Tokyo 2020 Games. Facing with emerging global warming, future intervention against heat in the summer Olympic and Paralympic games will need to integrate systematic disease surveillance and evaluation of intervention with an effective combination with the approaches previously conducted. The Tokyo 2020 Games is a wake-up call to accelerate the public health measures towards the creeping global warming.

Genetic parameters and line selection of Cucurbita pepo based on selection indices / Parâmetros genéticos e seleção de linhagens de Cucurbita pepo com base em índices de seleção

In the improvement of pumpkins, the selection based on one or a few characters of interest tends to be less efficient, leading to a superior product only compared to the few characters selected. To maximize the simultaneous selection of multiple characteristics of interest, selection indexes are used to obtain a numerical value resulting from the combination of the characters on which the simultaneous selection is to be practiced. The objective of this study was to determine genetic parameters and the most appropriate selection indexes in strains of Summer squash (C. pepo). Statistical analyzes were performed based on 65 genotypes belonging to the vegetable germplasm bank of the Federal University of Uberlândia. The variables analyzed were: leaf area index, precocity, SPAD index, productivity. plant-1, number of fruits. Plant-1, leaf temperature, NDVI index and NDRE index. The indexes were used: Smith (1936) and Hazel (1943), the sum of "Ranks" by Mulamba and Mock (1978), and Willians (1962). The selection methodologies selected ten individuals (15% of the genotypes). The values found for h² (%) ranged from 36.92% (SPAD) to 59.65% (cycle). The values obtained in the CVg / CVe quotient were below 1, varying from 0.18 for leaf temperature to 0.70 for the cycle, with the other variables close to 0.5. The CVg genetic variation coefficient (%) was also low, ranging from 1.84% for leaf temperature to 30.94% for productivity. The greatest gains obtained with direct and indirect selection were for the characters productivity (35.92%), NDRE (33.04%), number of fruits (28.93%) and leaf area index (22.72%). The Mulamba and Mock (1978) index showed the highest total selection gain value, providing a balanced distribution of selection gains, choosing the genotypes: 8, 31, 34, 38, 42, 64, 65, 66, 67 and 68.

No melhoramento de abóboras, a seleção baseada em um ou alguns caracteres de interesse tende a ser pouco eficiente, levando a um produto superior apenas em comparação com os poucos caracteres selecionados. Para maximizar a seleção simultânea de múltiplas características de interesse, os índices de seleção são utilizados visando obter um valor numérico resultante da combinação dos caracteres sobre os quais será praticada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar parâmetros genéticos e os índices de seleção mais adequados em linhagens de abóbora (C. pepo). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com base em 65 genótipos pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma de hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. As variáveis analisadas foram: índice de área foliar, precocidade, índice SPAD, produtividade. planta-1, número de frutos. Planta-1, temperatura foliar, índice NDVI e índice NDRE. Foram utilizados os índices: Smith (1936) e Hazel (1943), a soma de "Ranks" de Mulamba e Mock (1978) e Willians (1962). As metodologias de seleção selecionaram dez indivíduos (15% dos genótipos). Os valores encontrados para h² (%) variaram de 36,92% (SPAD) a 59,65% (ciclo). Os valores obtidos no quociente CVg / CVe foram inferiores a 1, variando de 0,18 para a temperatura foliar a 0,70 para o ciclo, com as demais variáveis próximas de 0,5. O coeficiente de variação genética CVg (%) também foi baixo, variando de 1,84% para temperatura foliar a 30,94% para produtividade. Os maiores ganhos obtidos com a seleção direta e indireta foram para os caracteres produtividade (35,92%), NDRE (33,04%), número de frutos (28,93%) e índice de área foliar (22,72%). O índice de Mulamba e Mock (1978) apresentou o maior valor de ganho de seleção total, proporcionando uma distribuição balanceada de ganhos de seleção, escolhendo os genótipos: 8, 31, 34, 38, 42, 64, 65, 66, 67 e 68.

Analysis of theoretical basis and clinical application of dog-days moxibustion / 中国针灸

The present situation of the clinical application of dog-days moxibustion (moxibustion applied in the three periods of the hot season) is summarized so as to provide the guide for the theoretic study and clinical application of dog-days moxibustion. The intervention time of dog-days moxibustion is on the 1st day of each of the three periods of the hot season. Simultaneously, the geographic factors are considered. The disorders of lung system are mostly dominant among the indications of dog-days moxibustion, complicated with spleen and stomach disorders as well as cold and deficiency syndromes/patterns. The acupoints are mainly selected from the front- points on the chest and the back- points on the back, in combination with the differentiation of diseases, symptoms/patterns and the disorder stages. The duration of treatment is ranged from 1 to 3 years. The clinical therapeutic effect is improved constantly along with the increase of treatment periods by years.

Seasonal Variation in Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D and its Association with Clinical Morbidity in Healthy Infants from Northern India

Objective: To evaluate the seasonal change in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level inhealthy infants and to relate it to common childhood morbidities. Methods: 72 healthybreastfed infants residing in Delhi were enrolled at the end of summer and followed till the endof winter [mean (SD) duration 200 (10) d]. Serum 25-OHD was estimated at baseline andfollow-up. Infants were monitored for common childhood diseases. Results: Mean (SD)serum 25-OHD level was lower at the end of winter (20.7 (8.02) ng/mL) than summer (22.9(8.70) ng/mL) [mean difference (95% CI) –2.14 ng/mL (–3.36, –1.06), P<0.001). Theseasonal distribution of children according to vitamin D status in summer and winter -Deficient(15.3%, 12.5%), Insufficient (19.4%, 30.6%) and Sufficient(65.3%, 56.9%),respectively was comparable P=0.17). The morbidity profile remained unaffected by changein vitamin D status from summer to winter. Conclusions: Seasonal changes in vitamin Dlevels do not have significant clinical effect or effect on overall vitamin D status in apparentlyhealthy infants from North India. This may have implications for results of population surveysfor vitamin D status, irrespective of the season when they are conducted.

Identification of genomewide single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with presummer, summer and autumn bolls in upland cotton

Presummer, summer, and autumn bolls (PSB, SB and AB, respectively) in cotton are related to both maturity and yield. Therefore, studying their genetic basis is important for breeding purposes. In this study, we developed an association analysis panel consisting of 169 upland cotton accessions. The panel was phenotyped for PSB, SB and AB across four environments and genotyped using a Cotton SNP80K array. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these three traits were identified by a genomewide association study. A total of 53,848 high-quality SNPs were screened, and 91 significant trait-associated SNPs were detected. Of the 91 SNPs 33 were associated with PSB, 21 with SB and 37 with AB. Three SNPs for PSB (TM10410, TM13158 and TM21762) and five for AB (TM13730, TM13733, TM13834, TM29666 and TM43214) were repeatedly detected in two environments or by two methods. These eight SNPs exhibited high phenotypic variation of more than 10%, thus allowing their use formarker-assisted selection. The candidate genes for target traits were also identified. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of early maturity and yield in cotton breeding programmes.

Asymptomatic hypernatremia in exclusively breastfed neonates

Background: The aim of study was to identify the asymptomatic hyparnatremia in exclusively breastfed neonates and to study the factors associated with it.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2010 to October 2012 in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, A. M. U., Aligarh. Consecutive term appropriate-for-gestational age and asymptomatic neonates who were exclusively breastfed since birth were enrolled.Results: A total of 1360 term neonates were screened, out of which 145 neonates in each early and late neonatal group were enrolled. Prevalence of hypernatremia in 290 patients was 4.48% (n=13) with mean serum sodium level of 156.6'5.5 mmol/L, ranging from 151 to 167 mmol/L. It was 16 times more common in early compare to late neonates (adjusted odds ratio=16.074, P=0.001), 6 times more common in primi mothers (adjusted odds ratio=6.037, P=0.010) and 7 times more common during summer season (May-August) (adjusted odds ratio=6.566, P=0.017). Other variables like sex, mode of delivery and blood urea levels do not show significant association with hypernatremia. There was a significant positive correlation of serum sodium level with blood urea (r=0.123, P=0.037) and serum creatinine levels (r=0.157, P=0.007), and a negative correlation with blood sugar levels, but it was not significant (r=-0.072, P=0.224).Conclusions: The prevalence of hypernatremia in exclusively breastfed term asymptomatic neonates is 4.8%, and is more common in early neonatal period, in summer season and in babies born to primi mothers. There was a significant positive correlation of serum sodium with blood urea and creatinine levels.

Chemical-bromatological quality and productivity of peanut genotypes ( arachis hipogaea l. ) / Qualidade químico-bromatológica e produtividade de genótipos de amendoim (Arachis hipogaea L. )

Peanuts (Arachis hipogaea L.) have a great potential for grain production for feed and forage production, being an alternative for producers, as it grows a double product. Grains have excellent quality and contain a greater amount of protein with which to feed the herd. The present study is a cut-off effect study with an application of Stimulate® phytostimulant to determine grain quality and peanut fodder genotype. In the first planting, the peanuts were cultivated under field conditions in a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 × 2 subplot scheme, with four cultivars and two cutting periods, with or without phytostimulant. The cultivars were IAC Tatu ST and Caiana (vertical growth), as well as non-flowering and harvesting seeds. For the second planting, a randomized block design was used with a subplot scheme of 3 × 2 × 2, with three cultivars and 2 cutting periods, with or without phytostimulant. The cultivars were IAC Tatu ST and Caiana (vertical growth) and IAC 503 (prostrate growth). All cultivars contained a high percentage of hay protein in the two plantings. The cultivar IAC 503 was efficient in the production of protein and fiber in the grains in both plantings, demonstrated the potential of protein for animal supplementation, and also presented high grain yield in the summer planting.

A cultura do amendoim (Arachis hipogaea L.) apresenta grande potencial para produção de grão para alimentação e produção de forragem, sendo uma alternativa para os produtores, produzindo a cultura com duplo propósito, grãos de excelente qualidade e significativa quantidade de feno para alimentação do rebanho. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da época de corte com a aplicação do fitoestimulante Stimulate® sobre a qualidade do grão e forragem de genótipo de amendoim. No primeiro plantio o amendoim foi cultivado em condições de campo, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de subsubparcela de 4x2x2, sendo quatro cultivares, dois períodos de corte, com e sem fitoestimulante. As cultivares foramcompostas de IAC Tatu ST e Caiana (crescimento vertical), IAC 886 e IAC 503 (crescimento prostrado) e as épocas de corte foram no florescimento e na colheita. Para o segundo plantio foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de subsubparcela de 3x2x2 sendo três cultivares com e sem fitoestimulante e dois períodos de corte. As cultivares foram IAC Tatu ST e Caiana (crescimento vertical) e IAC 503 (crescimento prostrado). Todas as cultivares que receberam corte apresentaram alto percentual de proteína do feno nos dois plantios. A cultivar IAC 503, mostrou-se eficiente na produção de proteína e fibra nos grãos nos dois plantios, demonstraram potencial com fonte de proteína para suplementação animal, além de apresentar alta produtividade de grãos no plantio de verão.

Frangos de corte de linhagens pescoço pelado e carijó, criados sob condições de estresse térmico ­ revisão de literatura / Naked neck and california gray broiler chicken reared under thermal stress conditions ­ literature review / Pollos de engorde de ascendencia cuello desnudos y carijó creados en condiciones de estrés térmico ­ revisión del literatura

O Brasil tem situação vantajosa relacionada às condições de acondicionamento das aves em relação a outros países. A evolução nas áreas de genética, nutrição e manejo das aves tem possibilitado a obtenção de produtos de baixo custo e de alta qualidade, proporcionando maior competitividade no mercado. O Brasil caracteriza-se por ser um país predominantemente agrícola, porém é um país tropical que apresenta altas temperaturas e estas por sua vez, influenciam diretamente no bem-estar das aves. A produção de frango de corte em regiões de clima quente, a exemplo do Acre, precisa ser considerada, pois apresentam condições climáticas diferenciadas, o que pode exercer uma influencia negativa nos resultados de desempenho animal, como resposta ao clima e ambiente de criação, portanto, este estudo de revisão de literatura objetivou analisar estudos inerentes às condições de conforto térmico ambiental e respostas fisiológicas e zootécnicas em frangos de corte criados em clima de verão amazônico.(AU)

Brazil is at an advantageous position regarding the storage conditions of poultry in relation to other countries. The evolution in genetics, nutrition and bird management has made it possible to obtain low-cost, high quality products and provide greater competitiveness in the market. Brazil is a predominantly agricultural country, but it is a tropical country with high temperatures, which has direct influence on poultry welfare. The production of broiler chickens in states with hot climate, such as Acre, needs to be considered, since they have different climatic conditions that may exert a negative influence on the performance of animals as a response to the harsh climate and breeding environment. This literature review aimed at analyzing studies inherent to the conditions of environmental thermal comfort and physiological and zootechnical responses in broiler chickens reared in the Amazonian summer climate.(AU)

Brasil tiene una situación ventajosa en relación a las condiciones de acondicionamiento de las aves en relación a otros países. Los avances en las áreas de genética, nutrición y manejo de las aves ha permitido la consecución de bajo costo y productos de alta calidad, proporcionando una mayor competitividad en el mercado. Brasil se caracteriza por ser un país predominantemente agrícola, pero es un país tropical con altas temperaturas y estas a su vez influyen directamente en el bienestar de las aves. La producción de pollos de engorde en regiones de climas calurosos, como el Acre, debe ser considerado, ya que tienen diferentes condiciones climáticas, que puede ejercer una influencia negativa en los resultados de rendimiento de los animales en respuesta al clima y medio ambiente de creación, por lo tanto, este estudio bibliográfico ha objetivado analizar estudios inherentes a las condiciones de conforto térmico ambiental y respuestas fisiológicas y zootécnicas en pollos de engorde creados en clima de verano amazónico.(AU)

Becas de investigación QUINCKE: una experiencia pedagógica innovadora / Quincke's Research Scholarships: A Innovative Pedagogical Experience

Introducción: El perfeccionamiento de la sociedad cubana demanda nuevas formas de investigación y enseñanza acordes con la realidad nacional e internacional. Objetivo: Favorecer que los estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas se vinculen efectivamente a la investigación científica como protagonistas a partir de un curso de verano con carácter selectivo para estudiantes de pre y posgrado basado en los postulados de la ciencia abierta. Métodos: A partir de problemas como insuficiente aprovechamiento de LABCEL para el desarrollo de los estudiantes de medicina y su vinculación a planes de estudio, se asumió la dialéctica materialista como método general de la ciencia. Para las tareas de investigación se usaron los métodos del nivel teórico el histórico-lógico, análisis y síntesis, inducción-deducción, modelación con un enfoque de sistema junto a un análisis documental. En el nivel empírico el método fue la observación, la encuesta, la entrevista a directivos y el experimento pedagógico y la prueba pedagógica. Resultados: Se encontraron avalados por los premios obtenidos como el Premio Anual de Inmunología en la categoría docencia, y en los premios internacionales LURAP y IOP Award otorgado por la American Physiological Society los resultados de siete años de trabajo. Conclusiones: La experiencia de estos años de trabajo indica que esta modalidad de curso de verano a partir de la ciencia abierta es novedosa e innovadora(AU)

Introduction: The improvement of the Cuban society demands new research and teaching forms in accordance with national and international reality. Objective: To encourage students of medical sciences to become effectively involved in scientific research as protagonists, by means of a selective summer course for undergraduate and postgraduate students based on the principles of open science. Methods: We initially considered problems such as insufficient use of LABCEL for the progression of medical students and their connection with the syllabus, and then assumed the materialist dialectics as a general method of science. For the research tasks, the methods of the theoretical level were used, such as the historical-logical, analysis and synthesis, induction-deduction, and modeling with a system-related approach, together with documentary analysis. At the empirical level, the methods were observation, the survey, the interview with managers, the pedagogical experiment, and the pedagogical test. Results: The outcomes of seven years of work are supported by the prizes obtained, such as the Annual Immunology Award in the Teaching category, and by the international LURAP and IOP awards given by the American Physiological Society. Conclusions: The experience of these years of work indicates that this type of summer course based on open science is new and innovative(AU)

Seasonal Variation in the Presentation of Acute Appendicitis: A Retrospective Analysis

Acute appendicitis is the most commonly operated surgical condition of the abdomen. It has been reported to have the highest incidence in adolescents and young adults, more common in males than females and also to have a seasonal pattern, with some particular months having a higher incidence. Methods: Records of 551 consecutive cases of acute appendicitis who underwent emergency appendicectomy were analysed. The diagnosis was based on history, examination, investigation, surgery and histopathological examination. The variation in presentation of acute appendicitis in terms of age, gender and seasonal pattern were assessed. Results: Out of 551 patients, 62.98% were females. The highest incidence was seen in the 20-29 years age group. A higher incidence was observed in the months of AugustNovember, which is a relatively warm period in the region of study, i.e Imphal, Manipur. Conclusion: A seasonal variation in incidence of acute appendicitis is seen. The females have higher incidence of acute appendicitis, as opposed to males having higher incidence in other studies, with 20-29 years being the most common age-group.

Efficacy comparison of different forms of dog-days acupoint application for prevention and treatment of chronic bronchitis / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of traditionaldog-days acupoint application and Magic Acupuncture Patch (Manji) in the prevention and treatment of chronic bronchitis (CB) in remission stage in the past five years, and explore the principle of action and effective stimulation, to provide the evidence for treating CB by acupoint application. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 405 patients with CB who met the inclusion criteria. All patients were treated with dog-days acupoint application or Magic Acupuncture Patch between 2013 and 2017. The clinical data of 405 patients were statistically analyzed to compare the prevention and treatment effects of dog-days acupoint application and Magic Acupuncture Patch, and different degrees of stimulation of dog-days acupoint application. Results: Among the dog-days acupoint application groups, the total effective rate was 63.6％ in the light stimulation group, 93.1％ in the moderate stimulation group, and 94.8％ in the strong stimulation group. The differences in the total effective rate between the light stimulation group and the moderate stimulation group, as well as the strong stimulation group, were statistically significant (both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total effective rate between the moderate stimulation group and the strong stimulation group (P>0.05). The total effective rate was 83.9％ in the dog-days acupoint application group, versus 45.4％ in the Magic Acupuncture Patch group, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of dog-days acupoint application in the prevention and treatment of CB is better than that of Magic Acupuncture Patch; the degree of stimulation is the basis for the effect of dog-days acupoint application on prevention and treatment of CB, and the moderate and strong stimulations are more appropriate.

Severe heatstroke treated by combination of Chinese and western medicine: a case report and literature review / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective Via the analysis of clinical effect of combined traditional Chinese and western medicine in treating severe heatstroke (HS), to explore the rescue therapeutic measures of combined Chinese and western medicine for HS. Methods A case of HS patient admitted to the Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU) of Shuguang Hosipital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was treated with the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine. The physical hypothermia with ice-blanket and ice-cap and supportive therapy were immediately given to the patient after admission; then the TCM prescription Siwei Xiangru decoction plus or minus was additionally given; the ingredients of the decoction were as follows: elsholtziae 9 g, white lentil coat 15 g, poria cocos 20 g, rhizome atractylodis 15 g, tangerine peel 6 g, processed pinellia ternate 9 g, codonopsis 10 g, licorice 3 g, 1 dose, 2 times per day. The changes of HS patient's laboratory indexes, symptoms and signs were observed. Results After the combined treatment with traditional Chinese and western medicine, the respiratory rate of the patient was improved significantly, and the oxygenation was maintained at 0.99-1.00, no symptoms of fever, cough, sputum were seen. On the fourth day after treatment, the patient was transferred to local hospital, on the day of discharge, the patient had no fever or shortness of breath, urine volume and color were normal, and vital signs stable. Conclusions Effective continuous and controlled cooling is not only the main treatment measure in modern western medicine but also in TCM. Meanwhile, because 'heat must carry moisture, and heat often damage body fluid', it is necessary to observe the patient's dynamic changes of heat and damp evil. When clearing summer heat and damp evil, simultaneously, the measures of strengthening spleen and stomach, enhancing qi and nourishing fluid to prevent further consumption of the body fluid should be paid attention to.

The effectiveness of physical activity promotion program during summer vacation / 体力科学

The decrease in physical activity in elementary school children is an important problem in Japan. Previous studies have shown that physical activity during the summer vacation is lower than during the school days, and a program for increase in physical activity during the summer vacation are required. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of physical education homework and exercise events during summer vacation in elementary school children. A total of 67 children in grade 4 were assigned to the two groups for each school: the control school (n = 39) or the intervention school (i.e., did physical education homework and participated in exercise events; n = 28). Physical education homework was constituted of four exercise programs per day. Additionally, exercise events were carried out four times during the summer vacation. Physical activity before and during the summer vacation were measured by accelerometer (Lifecorder EX). The decline in physical activity of the intervention school was less than the control school, and significant interactions were indicated by two-way repeated ANOVA (Step count: F (1, 65) = 6.704; Light-intensity physical activity, LPA: F (1, 65) = 4.365; Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, MVPA: F (1, 65) = 6.088, all P < 0.05, respectively). After adjusted for sex, percentage of overweight, participation of sport activity, and each physical activity, significant trends of interactions about the step count, LPA, and MVPA were shown (Step count: F (1, 61) = 3.982, P = 0.050; LPA: F (1, 61) = 3.243, P = 0.077; MVPA: F (1, 61) = 2.916, P = 0.093). These results suggest that combined use of physical education homework and exercise events are effective to attenuate the decrease in physical activity during summer vacation in elementary school children.

Association between high air temperature and mortality in summer: A multi-city analysis in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the associations between changes of high air temperature and mortality in summer in 31 cities in China.Methods Daily mortality and meteorological data in 31 cities in China from January 1,2008 to December 31,2013 were collected.Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the association between high air temperature change and mortality in early summer and late summer after controlling for the long-term trend and the effect of "day of week".Results The relative risk of high air temperature on mortality was higher in early summer,with relative risk in the range of 1.08-2.14 in early summer and 1.03-1.67 in late summer.In early summer,the influence of high temperature on mortality was mainly below 5th of percentile and above 50th of percentile,while in late summer it was mainly above 95th of percentile.The lag effect of high air temperature on mortality in early summer was 6 days,while the lag effect in late summer was only about 2 days.Conclusions Association existed between high air temperature and mortality.The influence of high air temperature on mortality in early summer was stronger than that in late summer.It is necessary to take targeted protection measures.

Association between high air temperature and mortality in summer: A multi-city analysis in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the associations between changes of high air temperature and mortality in summer in 31 cities in China.Methods Daily mortality and meteorological data in 31 cities in China from January 1,2008 to December 31,2013 were collected.Distributed lag nonlinear model was used to evaluate the association between high air temperature change and mortality in early summer and late summer after controlling for the long-term trend and the effect of "day of week".Results The relative risk of high air temperature on mortality was higher in early summer,with relative risk in the range of 1.08-2.14 in early summer and 1.03-1.67 in late summer.In early summer,the influence of high temperature on mortality was mainly below 5th of percentile and above 50th of percentile,while in late summer it was mainly above 95th of percentile.The lag effect of high air temperature on mortality in early summer was 6 days,while the lag effect in late summer was only about 2 days.Conclusions Association existed between high air temperature and mortality.The influence of high air temperature on mortality in early summer was stronger than that in late summer.It is necessary to take targeted protection measures.

A Study Of Demographic Data In Electrocution Deaths In Kamrup, Assam

Electrical injuries are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in our country especially in our regions. The present study has been carried out to study the incidence of electrocution deaths in Kamrup, Assam and study the demographic data of the victims.Cases were collected from autopsy cases in Department of Forensic Medicine, GMCH. Total number of cases was 36.Most of the cases were male. The most commonly involved age group was 31–40 followed by 21–30 years. Most of the cases occurred in the summer season and caused by high tension wires. The morbidity and mortality can be reduced by educating the people and the use of protective measures must be made compulsory to the workers especially employees of electric department.

Comparison between Ye Tianshi and Wu Jutong in treatment of summer-heat disease / 中国中药杂志

Through the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance platform system, with the help of medical records, Ye Tianshi and Wu Jutong's medication characteristics for summer heat sickness were analyzed, the laws of the two people's medication were summarized, and the similarities and differences between the two were explored to explore the relationship. As a result, it was found that both of them recognized the relationship between summer heat and wetness, and Wu Jutong believed that "wind" was also an important pathogenic factor. Both of the patients were treated with cold medicine and warm medicine. They used mostly bitter, sweet, pungent taste and lungs, spleen, stomach, and heart meridian are the main components; two are commonly used Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Talcum, Rehmanniae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Pinelliae Rhizoma and other drugs, Ye Tianshi use Scrophulariae Radix, Tetrapanacis Medulla, Coicis Semen and other drugs more, Wu Jutong use Gypsum Fibrosum, Sojae Semen Praeparatum, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and other drugs more; at the same time, a combination of two high-frequency medicines used by two people has been excavated, and a new prescription has been deduced to provide a reference for further understanding and treatment of summer diseases.