ABSTRACT
Background: Antenatal care services including supplementary nutrition services are the essential services for reducing maternal mortality. As per National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 4 data, 62% pregnant mothers received supplementary nutrition in Karnataka state and only 49.4% received health and nutrition education. Study was conducted to assess utilization of antenatal services with special reference to supplementary nutrition and advice on nutrition.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the mothers admitted in obstetrics and gynecology department of Yenepoya Medical College Hospital. All the 140 mothers admitted during August and September 2017 for safe confinement of pregnancy were enrolled in this study and data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire. SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics was expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages. Chi square test was used to study the factors association with utilization of antenatal services.Results: Of the 140 participants, most of them i.e. 38.6% were in 25-30 years age group. The mean age was 46 years. Only 86 mothers (61.42%) received supplementary nutrition of whom only 53 (37.85%) had consumed it. Utilization of antenatal services was 100% with respect to minimum antenatal visits, routine laboratory investigations and TT immunization. Awareness about Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) was very poor (5%). Educational status of mother was found to be associated with utilization of supplementary nutrition (p=0.026).Conclusions: Utilization of routine antenatal services was reported to be very good. Efforts should be made to improve utilization about supplementary nutrition and awareness about nutrition education.
ABSTRACT
occurrences ofCandidasp. isolated were C. albicans which was thepredominant species 10(21.5%),C. tropicals 5(5.4%),C. krusei 4(4.3%) andC. Parapsilosis3(3.2%) respectively.Conclusion:Candida albicansremains the most predominant species of Candidain patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis and colonizationby Candidaspshould not be ignored.The presence of Candida sp.might contribute to in one way totheprogression of the disease under supplementary nutrition. Immunization and health check-ups were not available for pregnant and lactating women, however, 53.3% received iron and folic acid (IFA) tablets and 4.17% were provided with referral services. 71.53% of adolescent girls received IFA tablets. Health check-ups and basic skills programmes were not conducted foradolescent girls, however, 5.56% were provided with referral services.Conclusion:The performance of ICDS in Kashmir in terms of coverage is very low and almost all the services except supplementary nutrition are not delivered properly. There are many reasons for the underperformance of the scheme including socio-economic and other aspects of the grassroot workers including anganwadi workers (AWWs) and anganwadi helpers (AWHs), inadequacy of equipment for proper implementation, undesirable condition of AWCs, lack of professionalism in implementing staff, lack of co-ordination between AWCs and other associated personals like Lady Health Visitor (LHV)/Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM). In Kashmir the political environment makes the implementation of ICDS scheme even more complicated and difficult. A realignment is the need of hour and the state government must identify the specific problems faced by the scheme and convey them to all the stake holders so that a better and modified version of the scheme is implemented.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) program in terms of infrastructure of Anganwadi centers, inputs, process, coverage and utilization of services, and issues related to program operation in twelve districts of Gujarat, India. Design: Facility (Anganwadi) based study. Setting: Twelve districts of Gujarat, India (April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2013). Participants: ICDS service providers (60 Anganwadi workers from 46 rural and 14 urban Anganwadi centers) and their beneficiaries. Main Outcome measures: Coverage of supplementary nutrition, pre-school education, immunization and referral services. Results: Supplementary nutrition coverage was reported in 48.3% in children. Interruption in supply of supplementary nutrition during last six months was reported in 61.7% Anganwadi centers. Only 20% centers reported 100% pre-school education coverage among children. Immunization of all children was recorded in only 10% Anganwadi centers, while in 76.7% centers, no such records were available. Regular health checkup of beneficiaries was done in 30% centers. Referral slips were available in 18.3% Anganwadi centers and referral of sick children was done from only 8.3% centers. Conclusion: There are program gaps in coverage of supplementary nutrition in children, its regular supply to the beneficiaries, in pre-school activities coverage, recording of immunization, and regular health check-up of beneficiaries and referral of sick children.
ABSTRACT
Background: Malnutrition is serious problem in India. ICDS provides supplementary nutrition through anganwadis to its beneficiaries. Aims & Objective: (1) To study quantitative effect of supplementary nutrition on physical growth of children beneficiaries of ICDS. (2) To understand determinants of physical growth among children registered with ICDS anganwadis. Material and Methods: It was a prospective cohort study done during September 2010 to August 2011. All children of three to five years of 6 randomly selected anganwadis of Jhagadia block of Bharuch district were selected for study. The pretested and predesigned questionnaire was used for collection of data from the mother of the children at their home. Anthropometric measurements were done at anganwadi. Data for availing of supplementary nutrition by child and was obtained from anganwadis. Follow up anthropometric measurements were done another two times over the period of one year. Results: Out of 104 children, 70 (67.3%) received adequate and 34 (32.7%) did not receive adequate supplementary nutrition. Both weight and height gain were more in the children who received adequate supplementary nutrition as compared to the children who did not receive adequate supplementary nutrition. Multivariate analysis indicated that, out of so many factors, supplementary nutrition and caste were the one which had significant effect on weight gain of children. Conclusion: Supplementary nutrition provided at anganwadi has significant impact on physical growth of its beneficiaries
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To assess the extent of utilization of services by underthree & their mothers at AWC’s & to study the gender differences in availing the services . Methods : A cross- sectional study regarding the utilization of services by children (0-3 years) & their mothers among 11 Anganwadis in 8 villages registered under RHTC,HIHT Dehradun. The data was tabulated on Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed using the software SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Results : Study findings showed that majority of underthree children i.e. 89.2% were enrolled in the AWCs whereas only 29.20 % went to AWCs to avail the combined benefits of vaccination, supplementary nutrition, healthcheckups followed by Immunization services(23.2%).63.55% children in the age group 0-3 years were attending the AWC to receive SN whereas only 22% of children were availing it regularly. Conclusion: The problems encountered at AWCs were under utilization of services due to lack of awareness of parents & insufficient motivation of AWW. There is a need to improve awareness about the services especially in the underthree age group so that eligible beneficiaries can avail them.