Virtual Reality Applied in a Thermoelectric Power Plant Planning

Abstract The planning of a new thermal power plant is linked to the various decision elements and evaluation criteria. Factors such as the plant's geographic positioning, primary energy supply points, paths, and means of delivery of this primary energy should be analyzed. Similar studies are imposed when studying the change of a thermoelectric plant's primary energy source occurs. In Brazil, several plants are currently investigating the exchange of their primary fuel from oil to gas due to the decrees issued by ANEEL. This paper presents software, which uses virtual reality to assist in the various stages of the planning process and in the analyses that must be performed. This software was developed for the Hidrotermica Group and had as the primary target the Borborema Thermoelectric Power Plant.

Satisfacción de usuarios y proveedores de un servicio estomatológico de prótesis / Users and suppliers satisfaction in a stomatological prosthesis service

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal que incluyó a 2 especialistas en prótesis y 2 licenciadas en atención estomatológica, pertenecientes al Departamento Clínico de Prótesis del Servicio Estomatológico del Policlínico Docente Julián Grimau García de Santiago de Cuba, así como de 321 pacientes con atención concluida en dicho Servicio, para evaluar la satisfacción de proveedores y usuarios durante el 2015 en relación con la atención brindada y recibida, respectivamente, para lo cual se establecieron criterios, indicadores y estándares. Tanto los profesionales como los usuarios quedaron satisfechos, ambos con 5 de los criterios evaluados de adecuados, ya que superaron el estándar establecido (100 y 90 por ciento, en ese orden).

A descriptive and cross-sectional study that included 2 specialists in prosthesis and 2 graduates in stomatological care, belonging to the Prosthesis Clinical Department of the Stomatological Service in Julián Grimau García Teaching Polyclinic was carried out in Santiago de Cuba, as well as of 321 patients with care concluded in this Service, to evaluate the satisfaction of suppliers and users during the 2015 related to the care offered and received, respectively, for which criteria, indicators and standards were established. Either professionals or users were satisfied, both with 5 of the evaluated criteria as appropriate, since overcame the established standard (100 and 90 percent, in that order).

Can prepayment reform of medical insurance control the rise of medical expenses in China? Empirical analysis based on PSM model and CHARLS data / 中国卫生政策研究

At present, China's medical service costs keep rising, and residents' out-of-pocket medical expen-ses are also increasing heavily. The prepayment reform of medical insurance is considered as an important starting point to solve the problem. It is of great significance to evaluate the effect of prepaid medical insurance reform on con-trolling medical expenses and reducing economic burden when sick. In order to achieve the objective of this study, a use of CHARLS data 2011 &2015 and DIDPSM theory, and a combination of the Interaction Item Model and PSM model, and make use of a natural experiment developed from experimental reform stage for the comprehensive promo-tion stage of new rural cooperative medical system (NCMS) in 2012, were very crucial. This paper finds that:(1) Prepayment system can control the rise in outpatient and inpatient expenses. Compared with those who did not partici-pate in NCMS in the initial stage of reform, after the universal reform, outpatient and inpatient expenses dropped by 6. 3％ and 41％, the average decrease was 1041yuan and 2895yuan, respectively. (2) After the universal reform, the insured patients' medical burden of outpatient and inpatient reduced by 17％ and 33％. Prepayment system has, to some extent, resisted the rise in medical expense, and alleviated the burden of medical treatment. (3) On the basis of PSM, the estimated value and significance of coefficients have not changed, the effect of PPS reform is good. The poli-cy implication is that accelerating the prepayment system reform is the key way to control the growing medical expenses.

Avaliação dos fornecedores de gêneros alimentícios de um serviço de nutrição e dietética hospitalar em Maceió ­ AL / Evaluation of food suppliers of a hospital nutrition and dietetics service in Maceio - AL

Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), as Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTAs) são um grande problema de saúde pública, pois afetam todos os indivíduos do mundo, causando assim um grande prejuízo ao governo e à saúde do consumidor. É essencial a atenção quanto à origem da matéria-prima, por meio do controle dos fornecedores, a fim de se evitar surtos de contaminação alimentar. Por esse motivo, o presente trabalho avaliou as condições sanitárias das empresas fornecedoras cadastradas em um serviço de nutrição e dietética de um hospital privado de Alagoas. A amostra foi composta por 3 fornecedores, em que 1 é de carnes e cereais (A), 1 de hortifrutis (B), e 1 de polpa de frutas (C). As empresas foram visitadas durante o horário comercial para aplicação do checklist, após isso foi observada a entrega dos produtos nos serviços de nutrição do hospital participante da pesquisa. Dos 3 fornecedores visitados, 2 (66,6%) e 1 (33,4%) foram aprovados e não aprovado, respectivamente, com os seguintes percentuais: A (75,5%), B (30,9%) e C (94,8%), segundo a análise do checklist aplicado. Pode-se assim concluir que existe uma grande necessidade de implantação de visitas técnicas de rotina aos fornecedores, devendo também ser realizada a aplicação do checklist para cadastramento dos mesmos, com o objetivo de identificar possíveis problemas e assim evitar constrangimentos futuros com os fornecedores que não estão em condições adequadas.

Determinando los factores del capital relacional en la interacción de cliente proveedor en MiPyMES

El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido determinar y analizar los factores que caracterizan el capital relacional en la interacción cliente-proveedor en pequeñas y medianas empresas en una región específica de México. Con fundamento en la revisión de literatura se identifican las perspectivas de análisis de la variable de capital relacional en el trato con los proveedores. Se desarrolló y aplicó un cuestionario para recabar datos en 258 micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MiPyMES) del noreste de México. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis factorial exploratorio para la determinación de los factores que mejor reflejan la estructura subyacente de las variables de estudio. Se obtuvieron tres dimensiones importantes mediante lo cual se puede afirmar que la comunicación y el compromiso, la integración y la socialización son los factores que caracterizan la relación cliente - proveedor en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas estudiadas.

The objective of this research was to determine and analyze factors that characterize relational capital in the supplier customer interaction in small and medium enterprises in a specific region of Mexico. Based on the literature review, the prospects for analysis of relational capital variable in dealing with suppliers are identified. It was developed and applied a questionnaire to collect data on 258 small and medium enterprises (SME's) in northeastern Mexico. The exploratory factor analysis technique for the determination of the factors that better reflect the underlying structure of the study variables was used. Three important dimensions by which we can say that communication and engagement, integration and socialization are the factors that characterize the client relationship were obtained related to the SME's studied.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar e analisar os fatores que caracterizam o capital relacional na interação cliente-fornecedor em pequenas e médias empresas em uma região específica do México. Com base na literatura de análise de revisão perspectivas de capital variável relacional em lidar com fornecedores são identificados. Foi desenvolvido e aplicado um questionário para coletar dados sobre 258 micro, pequenas e médias empresas (MPMEs) no nordeste do México. foi utilizada a técnica de análise fatorial exploratória para a determinação dos fatores que melhor refletem a estrutura subjacente das variáveis do estudo. fornecedor por micro, pequenas e médias empresas estudadas - três dimensões importantes pelos quais podemos dizer que a comunicação e engajamento, integração e socialização são os fatores que caracterizam o relacionamento com o cliente é obtido.

Análise do trabalho de qualificação de fornecedores de insumos farmacêuticos da Unidade Farmanguinhos / Analysis of the work of qualification of suppliers of pharmaceutical ingredients Unit Farmanguinhos

Considerando a estreita relação entre a lógica econômica e as necessidades da área de saúde, o estudo em questão interliga o trabalho de Qualificação de Fornecedores de Insumos Farmacêuticos com o desempenho produtivo das Indústrias Farmacêuticas no contexto do Complexo Industrial da Saúde. Como objetivo evidencia o inter-relacionamento de ordem administrativa, técnica e operacional, frente o desempenho articulado entre os Procedimentos internos adotados por Farmanguinhos, seus processos de Aquisição, Validação, Manufatura e Inovação de Medicamentos, e a Qualidade e Especificidade dos Insumos Farmacêuticos adquiridos, demonstrando dentro desta ambiência, o impacto promovido pelo Trabalho de Qualificação de Fornecedores, em conformidade com os requisitos de qualidade visando às Boas Práticas de Fabricação. Como referencial teórico e regulatório, fundamenta além do contexto econômico, político e institucional capitalista associado à produção de bens e serviços do Complexo Industrial da Saúde, a representatividade da Indústria Farmacêutica frente à balança comercial nacional e desenvolvimento econômico, a conexão de conformidades entre os trabalhos de Validação e as Boas Práticas de Fabricação, bem como a interdependência entre a especificidade dos insumos farmacêuticos, seus processos de aquisição pelo setor público e os trabalhos de qualificação de fornecedores, tudo no âmbito da cadeia de produção de medicamentos. O impacto destes fundamentos frente à dinâmica administrativa, técnica e operacional produtiva de Farmanguinhos é evidenciado por informações oriundas de pesquisa exploratória, documental e de campo, empregada na metodologia de intervenção. Na análise de campo foram evidenciados procedimentos adotados por Farmanguinhos, relacionados com a aquisição pela administração pública e com a qualificação de fornecedores de insumos farmacêuticos, apresentando diagnóstico dos índices de reprovações das matérias-primas e medicamentos manufaturados...

Considering the relation between the economic logic and the necessities of the health area, the study in subject establishes connection the Raw Pharmaceutical Suppliers Qualification’s Work with the productive performance of the Pharmaceutical Industries in the context of the Health Industrial Complex. As objective it evidences the Inter-relationship of administrative, operational and technique orders, front of the articulated performance of the internal Procedures adopted by Farmanguinhos, its processes of Acquisition, Validation, Manufacture and Innovation of Medicines, and the Quality Specified Raw Pharmaceutical acquired, demonstrating inside of this environment, the impact promoted for the Suppliers Qualification’s Work, in compliance with the Good Manufacturing Practices quality requirements. As regulatory and theoretician referential, it bases beyond the economic, politician and institutional capitalist context associated with the production of goods and services of the Health Industrial Complex, the representation of the Pharmaceutical Industry front to the national trade balance and economic development, the connection of conformity between the Validation’s work and the Good Manufacturing Practices, as well as the interdependence enters the specificity of the Raw Pharmaceutical, its public acquisition processes and the supplier qualification works, everything in the scope of the chain of medicine production. The impact of these bases front to the Farmanguinhos administrative, productive and operational technique dynamics is evidenced by deriving information of exploratory research, documentary and of field, used in the intervention methodology. In the field analysis procedures adopted for Farmanguinhos had been evidenced, related with the acquisition for the public administration and with the Raw Pharmaceutical Suppliers Qualification’s Work presenting diagnostics of the raw materials and manufactured medicines disapprove index...

Application of Qualitative Data Analysis of Drugs in Hospital Management of Drug Storehouse / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To assess the ability of suppliers and manufacturers in dealing with drug quality problems so as to provide reference for hospital in optimizing future suppliers and manufacturers.METHODS:The drug quality registration form in drug storehouse in 2007 in our hospital was analyzed in respect of the quality of drugs which were classified into type A and type B.RESULTS:The A-type drug quality problems,i.e drug quality problems presented in the production of drugs, accounted for 28.6%,and B-type drug quality problems,i.e drug quality problems involved in circulation and use of drugs, accounted for 71.4%.CONCLUSIONS:Drug quality data analysis report can objectively reflect the overall condition of hospital drug quality and the drug quality of the suppliers,thus it can be used as reference for hospital in optimizing future drug manufacturing enterprises and suppliers.

A Study on the Sanitary Perception of the Food Suppliers for the Business and Industry Foodservice in Busan Area

It is thought that the sanitary perception and hygienic food treatment of food suppliers as the first handlers of foodstuffs are extremely significant for the safe and sanitary management of food in group meal services. So in this study, a survey of 103 food suppliers who provide raw materials for 80 meal services in business places around Buasn area was conducted on general matters, participation in sanitation education, sanitary perception, sanitary treatment of foodstuffs, knowledge of sanitation, etc. The results of the survey are as follows: 1. 42.7% of the subjects have worked for the food supply companies for one to five years and the main job of 36.9% of them is delivery service. Food suppliers who handle over two foodstuffs are 6839%. 2. Concerning the participation in sanitation education, 43.7% of the subjects have not experienced any such education, The reason of 23.3% of them for not having the education is that there have been no opportunity for them at all. And 83.5% of them regard the education on hygiene as necessary. 3. In the sanitary perception, 93.1% of the subjects considered the temperature control of the food delivery vehicles as important and 82.5% of them replied on of the leading causes of food poisoning as foodstuffs. 64.0% thought of their knowledge of food sanitation as not very good, but moderate. 4. Concerning sanitary treatment of foodstuffs, 50.5% of delivery vehicles were wearing sanitary uniforms and 24.3% of them washed their hands while supplying food. 5. In the score of hygienic knowledge, the average score of all food suppliers was 60.6 point. In the score of hygienic knowledge on general matters, managing supervisors got 6.31+/-1.81, meat suppliers scored 7.08+/-1.37 and suppliers with 5 to 10 year careers recorded the highest point, 6.37+/-1.70. In the score of hygienic knowledge based on the perception of food sanitation, the food suppliers with the experience of sanitation education scored 6.42+/-1.93 point and the point was significant(p<0.01), compared with that of the food suppliers without the experience of sanitation education. The food suppliers who answered their knowledge was very good scored the highest point, 8.00+/-1.41. The food suppliers who replied that sanitation education was truly necessary recorded the hygienic knowledge score of 6.75+/-1.77, significantly(p<0.01) high. In the score of hygienic knowledge on the basis of the practical degree of sanitary handling of food materials, the food suppliers who answered they cleaned their delivery vehicles everyday scored 6.48+/-1.93, the food suppliers who answered they sterilized their delivery vehicles everyday scored 6.29+/-1.89, the food suppliers who answered they controlled the themperature of their delivery vehicles irregularly scored 6.58+/-1.79 and the food suppliers who answered they washed their hands every time when they were working scored 6.86+/-2.24, significantly(p<0.05) high in comparison with every item in other factors. And the food suppliers who answered they were wearing sanitary uniforms irregularly while suplying foodstuffs scored the highest point, 6.66+/-2.92.

Influence of Regulation on the Stock Trade between Retailers and Suppliers on Drug Retailing / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the possible influence of the Regulation on the Stock Trade between Retailers and Suppliers(which was called in the following as “Regulation” for short) on drug retailing for the reference of drug retailers and suppliers.METHODS:The origin and the status quo of “Regulation” were studied and the influence of which on drug retailing was analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Drug retailing was considerably influenced by policy factor,this issue of “Regula_tion” may change some unfair business behaviors such as delaying in payment and charging unreasonable entrance fee,and influences the strength contrast between drug retailers and suppliers.