A Bilateral Multiple Renal Artery with Lobulated Left Kidney – A Case Report.

Introduction: A precise knowledge of variation of the renal artery is essential for a variety of surgical and radiological procedures. Method: One such variation observed during routine educational dissection of a 65-year-old male cadaver at SMIMER, Surat. The cadaver was preserved using standard embalming technique and dissection carried out based on the method given in “CUNNINGHAM’S MANUAL OF PRACTICAL ANATOMY” Volume-II. Observation: (i) On right side an additional renal artery originated from the right side of abdominal aorta above the normal renal artery which soon divides into two branches which run parallel towards the renal hilum. The normal renal artery arches forward and downward in front of right renal vein and divides into two segmental arteries. The upper branch of additional artery give supra renal branch and continue as upper segmental artery while the lower branch divide into two segmental arteries. (ii) On left side one small additional renal artery originated from the left side of abdominal aorta above the normal renal artery and pass horizontally above left renal vein towards renal hilum. The normal artery arches behind left renal vein and divide into two segmental arteries. Another additional artery originated from left side of abdominal aorta just below the origin of inferior mesenteric artery run upward and laterally and divide into two segmental arteries one of which supply the accessory lobule of left kidney and another branch supply lower pole of left kidney. Conclusion: The comprehensive knowledge of variations of renal artery is the key issue in determining the technical feasibility of different surgical interventions of kidney.

Prevalence and hematological profile of β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia in four communities of Surat city.

Background: From the data of transfusion-dependent thalassemia major cases, the 4 communities (Muslim, Dhodia Patel, Kachhiya Patel, and Modh Bania) with high prevalence but not studied methodically were selected. Aim: The aim of this study is to find prevalence of β-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia in 4 selected communities and also to evaluate hematological profile in them. Materials and Methods: For screening of β-thalassemia trait (BTT) and sickle cell trait (SCT), all samples were tested for red cell indices, solubility, HbA 2 level and doubtful cases confirmed on HPLC. Statistical Analysis: Mean ± SD, χ2 and 't' tests were used to evaluate the significance. Results and Conclusion: Among 4 selected communities, the highest prevalence of BTT was observed in Modh Bania (6.2%) and Kachhiya Patel (6.05%) and that of SCT in Dhodia Patel (14.0%). Significantly higher prevalence of BTT was observed in Memon ( P < 0.0001) and of SCT in Khalifa 6.6% ( P < 0.0001) compared to other Muslim sub castes. Anemia was more prevalent in BTT compared to non-BTT and non-SCT subjects. 80% of Dhodia Patel non-BTT and non-SCT subjects showed microcytic red cell morphology. Their Mean ± SD Hb concentration was 12.1 ± 1.73, hence iron deficiency cannot be a sole reason. This community needs α-thalassemia and iron studies.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in affluent adolescent girls in Surat city, western India.

Background: Incidence of obesity is increasing day by day because of various factors. It is important to assess the trend of obesity in particular geographical area. Objective: To assess the prevalence of obesity and overweight in affluent schoolgirls aged 13 to 15 years in Surat, India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2009 to April 2010. From a list of all private schools in Surat, with tuition fees more than Rs. 2,000 per monyh, two schools were selected randomly using a random table. Height and weight was measured and BMI was calculated. Overweight and obesity was assessed by BMI for age. Student who had BMI for age>85th and < 95th percentile of reference population were classified as overweight and BMI for age>95th percentile of reference population were classified as obese (IAP Growth Monitoring Guidelines for Children from Birth to 18 Year). Results: Prevalence of obesity and overweight amongst the study subjects was 6.6% and 13.5% respectively. Conclusion: There is significant prevalence of obesity in affluent schoolgirls in Surat, India.