Application of scenario simulation teaching in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for junior surgical residents / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To explore the effect of scenario simulation teaching method in the training of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for junior surgical residents. Methods 133 junior residents (working life<3 years) in the author's hospital rotating Cardiac Surgery department were selected and divided into control group (n=65) and observation group (n=68), in which the control group adopted traditional classroom teaching: teacher explanation-demonstration-student practice-teacher counseling; the observation group adopted scenario simulation teaching: teacher explanation-demonstration-student practice-teacher counseling scenario simulation. Before and after training, two groups both received the CPR theory and double operation assessment , comparing the difference of assessment scores between groups before and after training . Results There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic characteristics between the two groups. The assessment scores of CPR theory and operation were improved in both groups after training, and there were significant differences (P=0.000). There were no statistically significant differences in the CPR theory and operation assessment scores between the two groups before training (P>0.05);compared with the scores of CPR operation between the two groups after training, the observation group [(84.62±3.94)] was significantly higher than that of the control group [(79.68±5.45)] and there were significant statistical differences (P=0.000), while there was no statistically significant difference in CPR theory assessment scores between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Both traditional classroom teaching and scenario simulation teaching methods could improve the CPR theory and skill level of the surgical junior resident, but situa tional simulation teaching method is better than traditional classroom teaching method in improving students' CPR performance.

Perspectives and expectations: gradual improvement and Aptimization of the quality and progress of our current standardized surgical residency / 中国实用外科杂志

Standardized surgical residency training is an important part of graduate medical education, a necessary path towards becoming a surgeon with the capability to deal with common clinical surgical problems in an independent, correct and evidence-based manner. It is also the fundamental policy for homogeneous clinician training, medical human resources construction and improvement of health care quality. Since its nationwide implementation at the end of 2013, there have been great achievements while problems and confusions were also exposed. Surgical residency training is now facing new challenges and opportunities. With the rapid development of minimally invasive surgery, young surgeons have been actively promoted to learning laparoscopic technique; however,traditional surgical basic skills as well as the essence of handson apprenticeship shall not be neglected. In the meantime, the Internet, and the series of revolutions and breakthroughs it brings, need to be utilized in residency training and construction of a system for standardized training management,which can be a creative model for future medical education.

Initial Experience with Single Incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy by Surgical Resident

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is a popular procedure for acute appendicitis. Its minimally invasive nature has made LA a commonly performed surgical technique for surgical residents. However, single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) poses a challenge to inexperienced surgical residents. We described our initial experience in teaching SILS for appendectomy in our medical center. METHODS: Twenty nine cases of SILA were performed by single surgical resident and 110 cases of LA were performed by four surgical residents and five board-certified surgeons. Data were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean SILA and multi-port laparoscopic appendectomy (MLA) operative time was 44.5±14 min (range 25~85 min) and 74.8±26 min (range 20~125 min), respectively. The shorter time for SILA was significant (p<0.05). Postoperative hospital stay was 3.3±1.6 days (range 2~6 days) following SILA and 4.0±2.9 days (range 2~12 days) following MLA (p<0.05). Three cases of wound infection developed following SILA. Complications in the MLA patients included one cases each of operative bladder injury and postoperative ileus. CONCLUSION: SILA is a considerable training method for laparoscopic surgery for a surgical resident learning SILS.

What is the Safe Training to Educate the Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Surgical Residents in Early Learning Curve?

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) performed by surgical residents. METHODS: We reviewed the records of patients who underwent LC for chronic cholecystitis and gallbladder polyps between February 2010 and July 2012. All diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy. All procedures performed by surgical residents were conducted under the close supervision of an experienced laparoscopic surgeon. A standard four-port method was used, and we achieved the critical view of safety in almost all patients. RESULTS: Of 219 LC procedures, 136 were performed by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon, and 83 by surgical residents. There was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay (1.1 vs. 1.2 days, p=0.337) or complication rates (3.7% vs. 2.4%, p=0.712) between groups. However, the patients operated on by surgical residents had significantly longer operation times (40.7 vs. 63.7 min, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: LC performed by inexperienced surgical residents under the supervision of an experienced surgeon is safe and feasible for chronic cholecystitis and gallbladder polyps. Major bile duct injury is strongly correlated with having performed fewer than 20 LC procedures, so surgical residents must secure the critical view of safety, and the supervising surgeon must confirm it before the cystic duct and cystic artery are ligated.

Occupational stress and related factors among surgical residents in Korea

PURPOSE: The application rate for surgical residents in Korea has continuously decreased over the past few years. The demanding workload and the occupational stress of surgical training are likely causes of this problem. The aim of this study was to investigate occupational stress and its related factors in Korean surgical residents. METHODS: With the support of the Korean Surgical Society, we conducted an electronic survey of Korean surgical residents related to occupational stress. We used the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) to measure occupational stress. We analyzed the data focused on the stress level and the factors associated with occupational stress. RESULTS: The mean KOSS score of the surgical residents was 55.39, which was significantly higher than that of practicing surgeons (48.16, P < 0.001) and the average score of specialized professionals (46.03, P < 0.001). Exercise was the only factor found to be significantly associated with KOSS score (P = 0.001) in univariate analysis. However, in multiple linear regression analysis, the mean number of assigned patients, resident occupation rate and exercise were all significantly associated with KOSS score. CONCLUSION: Surgical residents have high occupational stress compared to practicing surgeons and other professionals. Their mean number of assigned patients, resident recruitment rate and exercise were all significantly associated with occupational stress for surgical residents.

The existing problems and thinking of the reassessment of surgical resident training bases in Beijing / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To understand the current circumstance of the surgical resident training bases in Beijing Methods The reassessment data of the 11 surgical resident training bases in Beijing were collected and analyzed. Results 73%(8/11)surgical resident training bases have passed the assessment; and 27%(3/11)have not completely reached the requirements The most prominent problems found in the reassessment were that the numbers of clinic and emergency patients in some departments;the qualification and teaching level of the instructors;the administration in the training process;the test after finishing the rotation and the training results, Conclusion Surical resident training bases criterion,instructor for resident training and administration in the training process are the most important factors which influence the surgical resident training results

50 Cases of Laparoscopic Appendectomy by One Surgical Resident: The Learning Curve and Safety / 대한내시경복강경외과학회지

PURPOSE: The frequency of performing laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has increased compared to that of open appendectomy because of its advantages such as decreased postoperative pain, shorter hospitalization and quicker recovery. The advantages of minimally invasive surgery are well known to the general public, so we recognized the importance of a laparoscopic training course. We analyzed the results of LA performed by one resident and we determined the learning curve and the safety. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 50 consecutive patients with a preoperative diagnosis of acute appendectomy and who underwent LA by one surgical resident. We used the medical and video records and compared the patients' age, gender, BMI, the location of the appendix tip, the pathologic findings, the state of drainage insertion, intraoperative bleeding, conversion to open surgery, the operation time and the complicating factor affecting the operating time. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 79.9 minutes and the operation time was effectively shortened when the surgeon had many experiences, the patients had a low BMI and there was no perforation, periappendiceal abscess or insertion of drains. After 25 cases of surgery experience (LA), the surgeon had enough expertise for the operations. Two cases of wound infection around the umbilical area and 1 case of intraperitoneal fluid collection occurred after the surgery. Yet this was all soon cured by wound dressing and the use of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Fifty cases of LA were safely performed by one surgical resident. Thus, LA is a suitable procedure for surgical residents and it helpful for learning the basic technique of other advanced laparoscopic surgeries.

Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A Safe Procedure that can be Performed by Surgical Residents

PURPOSE: Although laparoscopic surgery has many advantages and has become popular in various disease settings, surgical residents do not yet have sufficient opportunity to perform laparoscopic surgery. Appendectomies are the most common procedures performed by surgical residents, and they may be suitable for gaining them laparoscopic experience. We had our residents perform laparoscopic appendectomies and analyzed clinical outcomes to verify the utility of this procedure in providing laparoscopy education. METHODS: Between September 2006 and December 2007, 384 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (n=191, LA) or open appendectomy (n=193, OA). Patient demographic data and outcomes for the two groups were compared. In the LA group, cases performed by surgical residents were compared against those performed by surgical specialists. RESULTS: Both groups of patients were comparable demographically. The incidence of complicated appendicitis in the LA group was 19.4% and that in the OA group was 25.9% (P=0.126). Operative time was similar between the two groups. Postoperatively, recovery time was shorter in the LA group than in the OA group, especially for patients with non-complicated appendicitis. LA performed by surgical residents showed similar outcomes, including operative time and postoperative recovery parameters. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic appendectomy appears to have many advantages, such as less pain, rapid postoperative recovery, and more economic differential diagnosis. This procedure can be performed safely by surgical residents. Thus, laparoscopic appendectomy is a suitable procedure for laparoscopic surgery education for surgical residents.

Opinions for Surgical Residency Education

PURPOSE: Since the induction of the residency program in the surgical departments, more than 200 residents now enter postgraduate year-1 (PGY-1) every year. This number has been declining in recent years while the dropout has been on the rise. To suggest a solution to this problem, we evaluated the current status of residency education and proposed an improved method for postgraduate surgical education. METHODS: We analyzed the responses from mailed questionnaires sent to the 789 residents in 123 different training hospitals in April 2001. Twenty-five questions were analyzed according to PGY, working conditions, and other variables. RESULTS: The response rate was 40.8% (322/789). The mean age of the residents was 30 years, and there were 28 (9%) female residents. The number of married residents were 137 (42.5%), and there were 91 1st year PGYs, 77 2nd year, 82 3rd year and 70 4th year. Most of them were being trained in university based hospitals (89.8%). The residents felt that their number was insufficient (70.8%), and that their work load was greater than that of other residents (92.9%). Their greatest stress was physical exhaustion (64.3%). Most residents discussed their problems with the senior residents (78%). They needed standardized training programs (62.1%). A majority (77.7%) responded that they did not have enough opportunities to perform surgical procedures. The single most important problem in PGY education was perceived to be the excessive work load (75.8%), which could be improved by specialized educational programs (64.6%). CONCLUSION: The absences of both educational programs and supporting manpower are the major problems facing surgical residents. Adequate stipend would be also beneficial, and increased attention and demonstrations of experience should be offered by the staff physicians.