Current status of surgery for portal hypertension in China: a national multi-center survey analysis / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the current status of surgery for portal hypertension to grasp current status and future development of surgery in China.Methods:This study is jointly sponsored by China Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Specialist Alliance & Portal Hypertension Alliance in China (CHESS).Comprehensive surveying is conducted for basic domestic situations of surgery for portal hypertension, including case load, surgical approaches, management of postoperative complications, primary effects, existing confusion and obstacles, liver transplantation(LT), laparoscopic procedures and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS), etc.Results:A total of 8 512 cases of portal hypertension surgery are performed at 378 hospitals nationwide in 2021.Splenectomy plus devascularization predominated(53.0%)and laparoscopy accounted for 76.1%.Primary goal is preventing rebleeding(67.0%) and 72.8% of hospitals used preventive anticoagulants after conventional surgery.And 80.7% of teams believe that the formation of postoperative portal vein thrombosis is a surgical dilemma and 65.3% of hospitals practiced both laparoscopy and TIPS.The major reasons for patients with portal hypertension not receiving LT are due to a lack of qualifications for LT(69.3%)and economic factors(69.0%).Conclusions:Surgery is an integral part of management of portal hypertension in China.However, it is imperative to further standardize the grasp of surgical indications, the handling of surgical operation and the management of postoperative complications.Moreover, prospective, multi-center randomized controlled clinical studies should be performed.

Quality-of-life and associated factors after pediatric liver transplantation: based upon CHU9D scale / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore health utility value, evaluate health-related quality-of-life(QOL)of pediatric liver transplantation(LT)recipients and examine its influencing factors to provide rationales for related health economic evaluations.Methods:This cross-sectional QOL was conducted through a questionnaire in pediatric LT recipients aged 5-17 years.The interviewees undergoing initial LT from June 2013 to September 2021 were reviewed regularly.Those children and their parents unwilling to participate or failing to understand the contents of questionnaire were excluded.The questionnaire was designed on the basis of Child Health Utility 9D Instrument(CHU9D)and answered online by one of primary caregiver.Chinese score system of CHU9D was employed for converting the responses into health utility values and the influencing factors were analyzed.Univariate analysis was performed by nonparametric tests and multivariate analysis by multiple linear regression model. P<0.05 was deemed as statistically significant. Results:A total of 140 valid questionnaires were obtained.Mean age of pediatric LT recipients was(7.95±2.74)years and mean postoperative time(4.90±2.17)years.Among them, 19 cases had experienced acute rejection and 101(72.1%)cases were living-related LT recipients.CHU9D scale indicated that average health utility value was(0.85±0.14)points.Univariate analysis revealed that age( P=0.008), education level( P<0.001)and primary disease( P=0.010)influenced the postoperative level of QOL.Multivariate analysis indicated that QOL was correlated with education level(behind schedule: 95% CI: -0.146, -0.034, P=0.002; leave of absence: 95% CI: -0.251, -0.068, P=0.001). Conclusions:Health utility of pediatric LT recipients is high with an excellent QOL.Poor QOL is associated with absence from school or dropping out of school.

Current status of diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in China: A national multicenter survey research / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To understand the current status of diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) /small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) among hematologists, oncologists, and lymphoma physicians from hospitals of different levels in China. Methods: This multicenter questionnaire survey was conducted from March 2021 to July 2021 and included 1,000 eligible physicians. A combination of face-to-face interviews and online questionnaire surveys was used. A standardized questionnaire regarding the composition of patients treated for CLL/SLL, disease diagnosis and prognosis evaluation, concomitant diseases, organ function evaluation, treatment selection, and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor was used. Results: ①The interviewed physicians stated that the proportion of male patients treated for CLL/SLL is higher than that of females, and the age is mainly concentrated in 61-70 years old. ②Most of the interviewed physicians conducted tests, such as bone marrow biopsies and immunohistochemistry, for patient diagnosis, in addition to the blood test. ③Only 13.7% of the interviewed physicians fully grasped the initial treatment indications recommended by the existing guidelines. ④In terms of cognition of high-risk prognostic factors, physicians' knowledge of unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable and 11q- is far inferior to that of TP53 mutation and complex karyotype, which are two high-risk prognostic factors, and only 17.1% of the interviewed physicians fully mastered CLL International Prognostic Index scoring system. ⑤Among the first-line treatment strategy, BTK inhibitors are used for different types of patients, and physicians have formed a certain understanding that BTK inhibitors should be preferentially used in patients with high-risk factors and elderly patients, but the actual use of BTK inhibitors in different types of patients is not high (31.6%-46.0%). ⑥BTK inhibitors at a reduced dose in actual clinical treatment were used by 69.0% of the physicians, and 66.8% of the physicians had interrupted the BTK inhibitor for >12 days in actual clinical treatment. The use of BTK inhibitors is reduced or interrupted mainly because of adverse reactions, such as atrial fibrillation, severe bone marrow suppression, hemorrhage, and pulmonary infection, as well as patients' payment capacity and effective disease progression control. ⑦Some differences were found in the perceptions and behaviors of hematologists and oncologists regarding the prognostic assessment of CLL/SLL, the choice of treatment options, the clinical use of BTK inhibitors, etc. Conclusion: At present, a gap remains between the diagnosis and treatment of CLL/SLL among Chinese physicians compared with the recommendations in the guidelines regarding the diagnostic criteria, treatment indications, prognosis assessment, accompanying disease assessment, treatment strategy selection, and rational BTK inhibitor use, especially the proportion of dose reduction or BTK inhibitor discontinuation due to high adverse events.

A public attitude survey on organ xenotransplantation / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To survey the public attitude towards xenotransplantation and examine its influencing factors.Methods:A survey form with 46 multiple-choice questions is offered. It is composed of general profiles of respondent and scale. The questionnaire is distributed online through the platform of Wenjuanxing(https: //www.wjx.cn). All adult respondents filled in anonymously online. Statistical processing included descriptive analysis, reliability and validity testing and variance and correlation analysis.Results:A total of 4 414 valid questionnaires are obtained between December 1, 2021 and January 31, 2022. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.912 and the scale has decent reliability. Based upon the results of exploratory factor analysis, the items are grouped into five main factors, namely organ source, decision, psychosocial change, infection risk and other risks. If pig organs are proven feasible, the risks and prognosis are basically the same as human organs, 65.4% of the respondents definitely supported xenotransplantation. Among the respondents, individuals aged 31~50 years, male, born or resident in Chinese western region, higher education, non-medical institution practitioners, self/family members/friends have done or awaiting organ transplantation, self/partners supporting organ donation, future needs for organ transplantation, previous discussion of organ donation or organ transplantation with family/friends, blood donation, volunteer social worker, atheist or Buddhist/Christianc and hearing about xenotransplantation are more inclined to support xenotransplantation.Correlation analysis showed significant correlations among five main factors.Conclusions:Despite differences in attitudes towards xenotransplantation among different populations, overall attitude is favorable. Respondents are more concerned about their associated risks, especially psychosocial changes. The related researches should be stressed. And for different groups of people, corresponding stratified tutoring should be carried out. Strengthening clinical trials, heightening public attention and training medical staff are expected to further popularize this new technology.

A survey of the practice of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in emergency department in China / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the application of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in emergency department in China.Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out in the emergency department in China,then the results were analyzed.Results Out of the 317 hospitals,non-invasive ventilators were available in the emergency department in 150 clinics (47.3％).Among them,144 clinics were the tertiary hospitals,and 6 clinics were the secondary hospitals.The leading five causes for NPPV were as follows:acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (AECOPD) (29.7％),acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (23.2％),ventilator weaning (11.2％),acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (9.0％),and extubation failure (8.7％).The bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) S/T was the most commonly used ventilation mode (51.8％),followed by the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)(30.3％) and BiPAP (S)(12.5％).The oronasal mask (73.7％) and the nasal mask (24.2％) were the most favorable interfaces for NPPV.The reasons for NPPV underusing mainly included insufficient training (36.8％),lacking of related knowledge (22.9％),medical teaching staff shortage (21.1％) and poor compliance of patients (11.0％).The main causes of the failure of NPPV were as follows:poor tolerance (31.5％),irrational parameters setting (25.6％),unfitness of interface (17.8％),airway secretions (14.7％),and disorders of consciousness (10.4％).Conclusions In China,the types of patients most commonly treated with NPPV in the emergency department are those with AECOPD and acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.Barriers to popularize the use of NPPV in the emergency department include availability of equipment,physician with familiarity in operating the NPPV,and human resources required for NPPV.

Projeto Mais Médicos na saúde indígena: reflexões a partir de uma pesquisa de opinião / More Doctors Project in indigenous health: reflections from an opinion survey / Proyecto Más Médicos en la salud indígena: reflexiones a partir de una encuesta de opinión

O estudo tem como objetivo contribuir com a análise da implementação do "Projeto Mais Médicos para o Brasil", nos Distritos Sanitários Especiais Indígenas, com dados produzidos por pesquisa de opinião desenvolvida em comunidades assistidas por médicos do projeto. A presente análise trouxe um recorte dos dados produzidos pelo questionário aplicado às comunidades indígenas assistidas e comparados com o universo geral da pesquisa aplicada em municípios. O estudo identifica um incremento significativo no quantitativo de médicos trabalhando na saúde indígena, uma percepção positiva quanto à satisfação com o projeto e aponta uma relação não excludente entre o acesso aos serviços biomédicos e o uso de práticas terapêuticas indígenas. Demonstra, ainda, a necessidade de se ampliarem as pesquisas sobre as consequências do Programa Mais Médicos, especialmente de cunho qualitativo e etnográfico.

The study aims to contribute to the analysis of the implementation of the Project More Doctors for Brazil in the Indigenous Special Health Districts, with data produced by opinion research developed in communities that are served by Project's physicians. The present analysis presents a set of data produced by a questionnaire applied to indigenous communities and then compared with the general universe of the same research in municipalities. The study identifies a significant increase in the number of physicians working in indigenous health, a positive perception of satisfaction with the project pointing out a non-exclusive relationship between access to biomedical services and the use of indigenous therapeutic practices. It also demonstrates the need to expand research on the consequences of the More Doctors Program, especially on qualitative and ethnographic bases.

El objetivo del estudio es contribuir con el análisis de la implementación del Proyecto Más Médicos para Brasil, en los Distritos Especiales Indígenas, con datos obtenidos por encuesta de opinión desarrollada en comunidades asistidas por médicos del proyecto. Este análisis proporcionó un recorte de los datos obtenidos por el cuestionario aplicado en las comunidades indígenas asistidas y comparados con el universo general de la encuesta realizada en los municipios. El estudio identifica un aumento significativo en la cantidad de médicos trabajando en la salud indígena, una percepción positiva en lo que se refiere a la satisfacción el proyecto y señala una relación no excluyente entre el acceso a los servicios biomédicos y el uso de prácticas terapéuticas indígenas. También demuestra la necesidad de ampliar las investigaciones sobre las consecuencias del Programa Más Médicos, especialmente de cuño cualitativo y etnográfico.

Efeitos de ordem, do entrevistador do local e do horário de coleta dos dados nos resultados de uma pesquisa psicossocial / The effects determined by order, interviewer, place and time during the data-collecting procedure on the results of a social psychology research

Este estudo procura avaliar o efeito da ordem de apresentação dos estímulos, do entrevistador e do local de realização e horário de realização da coleta de dados nos resultados de uma pesquisa psicossocial. No primeiro caso, foi avaliado o efeito de ordem na apresentação dos estímulos. Os resultados evidenciaram a ausência de qualquer efeito de ordem, uma vez que independentes da ordem de apresentação das cenas, os resultados foram os mesmos. O entrevistador exerceu um efeito apenas modesto, pois das quatro entrevistadoras, observou-se diferença estatística significativa apenas nas respostas obtidas por uma delas. Em relação ao local das entrevistas, um único apresentou uma diferença significativa, e ainda assim, em apenas uma das cenas avaliadas. Por fim, no caso do horário de realização da coleta não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos resultados. Os dados indicam que os efeitos dos fatores contingenciais não parecem ser decisivos nos resultados da pesquisa.

his study is for evaluating the effects of thesequence in which the different stimulus arepresented, the interviewer, the place of theexperiment and the time of the data-collectingprocedure. In the first instance, it was evalu-ated the effect determined by the order in asequence of stimulus. The results revealed theabsence of any effect determined by thesequence order, since they were the sameindependently of the variations applied to thesequence. The effect determined by the inter-viewer, by its turn, provoked only a singlesubtle result, because, considering the factthat there were four women acting as intervi-ewer, only in the answers obtained by one ofthem it was noted significant statistics differen-ces and, even so, only in one of the six scenesused in the experiment. Concerning the vari-ation of places, from among the five siteswhere the data-collecting procedure was car-ried out, also only one presented a significantresult difference. At last, as regards the hourwhen the data-collecting procedure is carriedout, also only one of the four different hourspresented a relevant statistic difference inresult. Those results indicate, therefore, thatthe effect of the contingential factors does notseem to be decisive in spite of all the cautionsadopted by the researcher

Survey Research on Prevalence, Aim and Image of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Japan(1): Prevalence and Aim of Acupuncture and Moxibustion / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective] To clarify the prevalence and aim of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment as well as reasons for choosing this remedy in Japan.<BR>[Methods] We conducted direct interviews with 2, 000 adults (aged 20 years or older) in a stratified two stage sampling in March, 2003.<BR>[Results] Of those interviewd, 71% (1, 420 / 2, 000) responded to the survey of demographics, experience, aim and reasons for choosing acupuncture and/or moxibustion. A total of 7.5% of the population had used Acupuncture and/or Moxibustion during the past 12 months and a total of 26.4% had experienced at least one of these treatment during their lifetime. The most frequent symptoms being treated involved musculoskeletal prob-lems (81.6%), and the most frequent reason for choosing the treatment was the recommendation of family or friends (58.7%).<BR>[Conclusion and Discussion] The prevalence of choosing acupuncture and moxibustion in Japan was higher than that in the U. S. or Europe, which might reflect the history of these methods as popular folk remedies in Japan. The most frequent reason for choosing these remedy might be related to the treatment methods requiring direct contact and stimulation of the body.