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Background: This study aimed to determine effectiveness of sweeping of membranes on the duration of pregnancy at term, and its effect on maternal and neonatal outcomes.Methods: In this prospective study, 145 women with uncomplicated pregnancy at 39 weeks or more gestation who were attending regular ANC clinic, were recruited for study, out of them 60 were cases (sweeping group) and 85 were control (no sweeping group). Primary outcome measure was occurrence of spontaneous labour and total duration of pregnancy. Other outcome measures included were interval of onset of labour from membrane sweeping, incidence of premature rupture of membranes, total duration of active labour, mode of delivery, rate of caesarean section and causes, and neonatal and maternal outcome.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding maternal age, parity and bishops score at recruitment. There was a significant difference observed in spontaneous labour rate and interval time between recruitment to delivery in groups. There was no significant difference regarding mode of delivery, maternal and fetal outcomes.Conclusions: Membrane sweeping is a safe procedure that reduces the incidence of post-term pregnancies if applied at term.
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Objective To optimize GGF110 landmine sweeping protective outfit to improve its wearing comfort and environmental adaptability.Methods With considerations on protection performances the outfit was improved from its size, structure,humanization design and manufacturing technique,which was composed of helmet and mask,protective clothing, mine boots and protective gloves. The protective clothing was made up of an upper piece, a vest, a jockstrap and a lower piece.Results The mine boots with the existed protection performances was optimized in increased walking stability while decreased possibilities to trigger GLD111 antipersonnel mine; the protective clothing was improved in comfort and convenience with the protection performance kept the same;the helmet and mask had the problems of giddiness or dizziness due to light reflecting as well as forward head gravity center resulting from unbalanced weight;the protective gloves met the tactical and technical requirements and ensured the flexibility when mine detection and sweeping were carried out. Conclusion The outfit with high protecting performances is enhanced in comfort, safety and adaptability, and thus can be used for mine sweeping by military forces.
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A sensitive analytical method based on reversed microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography ( MEEKC) combined with on_line preconcentration technique was developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) in cosmetics. For six lipophilic PAHs analytes which are difficult to be separated under conventional conditions, three stacking techniques including large volume sample stacking ( LVSS) , dynamic pH junction and sweeping ( LVSS_DypH_sweep ) were combined to realize the efficient preconcentration and separation. Under the optimum conditions, including the microemulsion buffer with the composition of 2. 4%(w/w)SDS_0. 6% (w/w) octane_6. 6% (w/w)n_butyl alcohol_20 mmol/L NaH2PO4 ( pH 2 . 2 ) , HCB injection time of 20 s ( 16 kPa ) and sample injection time of 80 s ( 16 kPa ) , good enrichment effect was reached with the enrichment factors ranged from 25 to 80 , and the PAHs were analyzed successfully within 27 min. The developed method was used to analyze the PAHs in cosmetics. The recoveries ranged from 90 . 6% to 95 . 9%. The RSD values ( n=5 ) were less than 5 . 1%.
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Objective: To establish a rapid method for detecting acetylbritannilactone (ABL) by online sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and to elevate the sensitivity of the detection. Methods: The combination of online sweeping technique with MEKC was used to determine the content of ABL in the extract of Inula britannica in plasma of rats. Results: ABL was completely separated within 15 min in running buffer and sample buffer. The optimal conditions were as follows: on uncoated fused quartz silica capillary, with separation voltage of 23 kV, capillary temperature of 25 °C, and detection wavelength of 195 nm. The regression equations revealed good linear relationships between the peak area and concentration of ABL (r = 0.998), with the detection limits of 0.005-0.15 mg/mL. The relative standard deviations of migration time and peak areas for intra- and inter-batch were < 2.45% and < 2.26%, respectively. The recovery rate of this method was 96.3%-97.2%. Conclusion: This method provides some advantages in separation speed, testing sensitivity, and operating convenience, with low sample and reagent consumption. The online sweeping-MEKC is an effective method for pharmacokinetic study and analysis on tracing biological samples. © 2014 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.
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O artigo descreve, numa abordagem institucionalista, o processo de gestão da autarquia responsável pela limpeza urbana em Belo Horizonte (de 1973 a 2012), focalizando a atividade de varrição. Realizaram-se a pesquisa documental e as entrevistas semi estruturadas com pessoas chaves e garis de varrição e aplicou-se a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que as políticas públicas promoveram mudanças nos marcos institucionais com impactos relevantes para a organização. Os garis as percebem como predominantemente problemáticas. A reflexão sobre os resultados aponta a necessidade de promover a participação dos trabalhadores na gestão da autarquia e valorizar suas experiências para o desenvolvimento e qualidade do serviço de limpeza urbana, e contribuir para o bem-estar social...
The article describes, in an institutionalist approach, the management process of the municipal institution responsible for urban cleaning in Belo Horizonte (from 1973 to 2012), focusing on street sweeping activity. Documental research and semi-structured interviews with key people and street sweepers were conducted. Content analysis was used. The results indicated that municipal policies promoted changes in the institutional framework with significant impacts for the organization. The street sweepers perceive them as predominantly problematic. The article points out the need to promote workers' participation in the management of the municipal institution, and to benefit from their experience, toward improving operations and quality of the urban cleaning service, and to contribute to social welfare...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Street Sweeping and Cleaning , Public PolicyABSTRACT
Dentre os perigos relacionados com a produção de café verde, a ocratoxina A (OTA) é considerada significativa nesse produto. Com o objetivo de estudar a origem da OTA no processamento de café verde e avaliar os possíveis fatores de risco (região, etapas do processamento, fungos, insetos e ácaros) que poderiam contribuir na presença de OTA, foram amostradas três fazendas nos seguintes municípios: Bom Jardim (RJ), Espírito Santo do Pinhal (SP) e Cornélio Procópio (PR), onde havia a produção de café verde pela via seca e úmida. Foram coletadas 109 amostras de grãos de café, em diversas etapas do processamento, no período de maio a agosto de 2002. As amostras foram colhidas de acordo com fluxograma estabelecido e as etapas estudadas foram: cereja (campo), via seca, via úmida, armazém e café de varrição. Dessas amostras, 10 apresentaram OTA, que variou na sua quantificação de 3 a 101 ng.g 1. A maior prevalência de OTA foi a do café de varrição 57%, a via úmida apresentou uma prevalência de 10,3% e a via seca 7%. Na etapa cereja o fungo potencialmente toxigênico mais encontrado foi Penicillium spp, e quanto aos insetos, as larvas de Diptera e os Homoptera; na via úmida foram encontradas linhagens do Aspergillus seção Nigri e Circundatti e Penicillium spp, a infestação predominante foi a broca do café e os ácaros da família Acaridae; na etapa via seca registrou-se o isolamento de fungos do gênero Penicillium spp e Asperigillus seção Nigri, a broca do cadê foi a infestação predominante junto com os ácaros da família Acaridae, na etapa de armazém foram isolados Penicillium spp e Aspergillus seção Nigri, o inseto predominante foi a boca do café e os ácaros da família Acaridae; no café de varrição foram isolados Penicillium spp e Asperigillus seção Nigri e a broca do café estava presente junto com insetos da Ordem Díptera...
The ochratoxin A (OTA) is considered to be among the most significant coffee contaminants with related hazards. With the purpose to study the origin of the OTA in the processing of green coffee and to evaluate the possible risk factors (region, step of processing, fungi, insects and mites) that could contribute in the OTA presence, had been selected three regions (states) of Brazil: Bom Jardim/RJ, Espírito Santo do Pinhal/SP and Cornélio Procópio/PR. A total of 109 samples of coffee beans were collected in conformity with flow chart established at different stages of ripening and processing: cherry (field), dry method, wet method, and warehouse and varrição coffee, from May to August of 2002. Of these samples 10 had presented OTA, which varied in its quantification from 3 to 101 ng.g-1. The biggest prevalence of OTA was the varrição coffee 57%, the wet method presented a prevalence of 10,3% and dry way 7%. In the stage cherry fungi potentially toxigenic was more found Penicillium spp, the insects had been the larvae of Diptera and the Homoptera; in the wet way it was found Aspergillus section Nigri and Circundatti and Penicillium spp, the predominant infestation was the coffee berry borer and the mite of the Acaridae family; in the stage wet methods spp was registered the isolation the Penicillium spp and Aspergillus section Nigri, the predominant infestation was the coffee berry borer together with the mites of the Acaridae family; in the stage of warehouse had been isolated Penicillium spp and Aspergillus section Nigri, and the predominant insect was the coffee berry borer and mites of the family Acaridae; in the varrição coffee had been isolated Penicillium spp and Aspergillus section Nigri the coffee berry borer was the most present insects together of Diptera. The results of each step had been with compared by Analysis of Variance. In the analysis of risk factors the varrição coffee" was the factor most strongly related to the risk of the presence of OTA (p<0,001 ).
Subject(s)
Mites/microbiology , Aspergillus niger/isolation & purification , Coffee , Food Handling , Insecta/microbiology , Penicillium/isolation & purification , Analysis of Variance , Fungi , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
According the features of mine sweeping mission and the requirements of the armaments,the compound structure to reflect,absorb,block and attenuate the blast waves and to give dynamic protection against diffracted waves is designed,which is based on the theories of biomedical engineering,explosive mechanics and material mechanics.The calculation through3D nonlinear dynamic finite element and simultaneous tests are used in the de-velopment of the structure.These theories above-mentioned applied to the experiments and medical science com-bined with mechanical engineering,a series of technical problems in the protection against the injuries to human bodies by blast waves,detonations and mine fragments are solved.Through practical application,the outfit has been granted and finalized by Finalization Board of Armaments and given the name GGF110mine sweeping protective outfit.It has been equipped with the army and pointed for the first time to be used by the UN peacekeeping troops.