ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from Swertia davidii. Methods: The chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate fraction from the whole plants of S. davidii (Gentianaceae) were investigated by various chromatographic methods including silica gel, ODS, semi-preparative HPLC and so on. Their structures were identified on the basis of NMR spectral data analysis and comparisons with the data reported in literatures. Results: Seventeen known compounds were separated and purified from the ethyl acetate fraction of this plant, which were identified as gentiocrucine (1), gentiocrucine A (2), gentiocrucine B (3), junipediol A (4), 1-hydroxy-3,4,7,8-tetramethoxyxanthone (5), 1,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (6), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,4,7-trimethoxyxanthone (7), 1,5,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (8), swertianolin (9), deacetylcentapicrin (10), amarogentin (11), amaroswerin (12), swertiamarin (13), gentiopicroside (14), oleanolic acid (15), daucosterol (16), and β-sitosterol (17). Conclusion: Compounds 1-6, 10, 12, 16, and 17 are isolated from S. davidii for the first time.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To accelerate the development of nation medicine, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with content analysis of index compound, cluster analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate and discriminate three kinds of national folk medicinal plants, Swertia davidi, S. punicea, and S. angustifolia. Methods: The chromatograms of 27 samples from three kinds of Swertia L. were collected. The chromatograms were imported in Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica 2004A to obtain data retention time and peak area of samples. Three sets of samples of similarity were analyzed. The peak area data were imported in SPSS and SIMCA-P+ software for cluster analysis and principal component analysis, dendrogram and principal component scores were obtained, and the clustering effect was observed. Results: The line relationship of this way was good (R2 > 0.9993), with high precision instrument (RSD of 0.19%-2.45%), the method had good reproducibility (RSD of 0-1.77%), recovery was between 95.8% and 102.3% (RSD of 0.45%-2.81%). Three kinds of Swertia L. medicinal plants were different in the contents of index compounds, and the contents of index compounds in the same species were different. Swertiamarin: S. davidi (0.54-10.05 mg/g), S. angustifolia (undetectable), S. punicea (1.76-15.62 mg/g); gentiopicroside: S. davidi (4.27-11.18 mg/g), S. angustifolia (0.26-3.58 mg/g), S. punicea (1.13-16.11 mg/g); sweroside: S. davidi (0.02-0.28 mg/g), S. angustifolia (0.02-0.14 mg/g), S. punicea (0.11-44.52 mg/g); mangiferin: S. davidi (0.14-0.55 mg/g), S. angustifolia (0.03-0.04 mg/g), S. punicea (0.01-13.49 mg/g). The accuracy of dendrogram classification was 85.2%. The contents of index compounds of three false anomalies were less than the remaining nine samples of S. punicea. The effect of discrimination by PCA scores plot of three Swertia L. plants was good, and S. punicea with dispersive distribution indicated that the individuals were significant difference. Conclusion: The method to evaluate and discriminate three Swertia L. medicinal plants is feasible by UPLC combined with analysis of index compound HCA and PCA. In this article, S. punicea is more valuable compared S. davidi and S. angustifolia.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate seed morphology of Swertia davidii and the effects of different treatments on seed germination, and to provide a scientific basis for seeding and artificial cultivation of S.davidii. Methods: Seed morphology was observed by microscope and seed germination rates were recorded and analyzed statistically, through setting conditions including different culture temperatures, different light qualities, different seed storage times, and soaking treatment with different concentration of GA3 and KNO 3. Results: S. davidii seeds were small with 0.049 5 g for thousand grain wight (TGW). The suitable temperature range of seed germination was 14-23 °C, and the optimal temperature was 18 °C. Seed germination could be affected under different light qualities and full darkness conditions, in which red light was the most conductive to seed germination, but full darkness was the least conductive to that. After soaking treatment with different concentration of GA3 and KNO3, not only seed growth could be significantly promoted, but also seed germination rates and germination index were affected. When the seeds were stored at room temperature, the seed longevity of S. davidii is only about five months, however, it can be increased at low temperature. Conclusion: The study on seed germination of S. davidii is first reported, which shows the important guidance for seeding and artificial cultivation of S. davidii.