ABSTRACT
RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de um sistema composto de reator anaeróbio compartimentado (RAC) seguido por filtro anaeróbio (FA), tratando águas residuárias de uma granja suinícola de pequeno porte. Foram analisados os parâmetros: pH, ácidos voláteis totais (AVT), demanda química de oxigênio total (DQOt), demanda química de oxigênio dissolvida (DQOdiss), demanda química de oxigênio devida aos sólidos suspensos (DQOSS), sólidos suspensos totais (SST), sólidos suspensos voláteis (SSV) e nitrogênio total kjeldhal (NTK). Os valores efluentes no RAC e no FA, de DQOt, SST e NTK, foram 6.633 e 4.361 mg.L-1, 2.418 e 595 mg.L-1 e 888 e 954 mg.L-1, respectivamente, para uma carga orgânica volumétrica (COV) de 7,01 kgDQO(m3.d)-1 no RAC e 28,3 kgDQO(m3.d)-1 no FA, e tempo de detenção hidráulico de 70,5 e 17,8 h no RAC e no FA, respectivamente. O sistema RAC seguido de FA mostrou eficiência de remoção média de 88,8% para DQOt e 80,5% de SST. Conclui-se que o sistema de tratamento anaeróbio, composto por RAC seguido de FA, foi eficiente na remoção de DQO e SST, possibilitando, nas condições operacionais impostas, alcançar valores médios de remoção acima de 80%, tornando-se uma ótima alternativa de tratamento de efluentes de suinocultura para granjas de pequeno porte.
ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to assess the performance of a system composed by a compartmentalized anaerobic reactor (CAR) followed by anaerobic filter (AF) in the treatment of the wastewater of as mall pigfarm.The following parameters were analyzed: pH, total volatilefatty acids (VFA), total demand of chemical oxygen (DCOt), dissolved chemical oxygen demand (CODdiss), chemical oxygen demand due to suspended solids (CODSS), total suspended solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS) and total kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN). The effluents and AF values for the CAR, the DCOt, TSS and TKN were 6,633 and 4,361mg.L-1, 2,418 and 595 mg.L-1, and 888 and 954 mg.L-1, respectively, for a volumetric organic load (VOL) of 7.01 kgDCO(m3.d)-1 in CAR and 28.3 kgDCO(m3.d)-1 in AF, and hydraulic detention time of 70.5 hand 17.8 hin CAR and AF, respectively. The CAR system followed by FA presented a mean removal efficiency of 88.8% for COD and 80.5% for TSS. It is concluded that the anaerobic treatment system consisting of CAR followed by AF was efficient in removing DCO and TSS, allowing with the imposed operating conditions to achieve average removal values above 80%, becoming a great alternative for wastewater treatment in small swinefarms.
ABSTRACT
This study aims at assessing the influence of mineral fertilization and biofertilizer from liquid swine manure (LSM) in productivity, levels of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) of Urochloa decumbens. The experiment was carried out in a red Latosol under a Urochloa decumbens pasture, in a state of degradation with loss of vigor and forage productivity. The delineation chosen for this study was randomized blocks with six treatments (control without fertilization, control with use of mineral fertilizer and four unique concentrations of liquid swine manure biofertilizer (61 m3 ha-1, 121 m3 ha-1, 181 m3 ha-1, 241 m3 ha-1)). The application of residue has been split in two times on the surface of the soil, by means of a distributor of liquid waste with a fan-shaped application. Yield and bromatological features were evaluated for two years. Fertilization with LSM can fully replace mineral fertilizing in Urochloa decumbens pasture systems, resulting in an increase, as a result, in the dry mass yield from the dosage of 121 m3 ha-1 and the reduction in fiber content in neutral and acid detergent. The increments in yield were observed in the second year, while improvement in bromatological quality was observed from the first application of LSM.
Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da fertilização mineral e do biofertilizante de dejeto líquido suíno (DLS) na produtividade, teores de Proteína Bruta (PB), Fibra em Detergente Neutro (FDN) e Fibra em Detergente Ácido (FDA) da Urochloa decumbens. O experimento foi desenvolvido em um Latossolo vermelho sob pastagem de Urochloa decumbens, em estado de degradação evoluída com perda de vigor e produtividade da forrageira. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos (controle sem fertilização, controle com uso de fertilizante mineral e quatro concentrações exclusivas de biofertilizante de dejeto líquido suíno (61 m3 ha-1, 121 m3 ha-1, 181 m3 ha-1, 241 m3 ha-1)). A aplicação do resíduo foi parcelada em duas vezes na superfície do solo, por meio de um distribuidor de resíduos líquidos com a aplicação em leque. Foram avaliadas por dois anos a produtividade, e as caracterizações bromatológica foliares. A fertilização com DLS pode substituir integralmente a fertilização mineral no sistema de pastejo de Urochloa decumbens, aumentando a produtividade de massa seca a partir da dosagem de 121 m3 ha-1 e redução no teor de Fibras em detergente neutro e ácido. Os incrementos na produtividade foram observados no segundo ano, ao passo que melhoria na qualidade gramatológicas foi observada a partir da primeira aplicação do DLS.
Subject(s)
BrachiariaABSTRACT
This study evaluated the use of wastewater from swine farming in the growth and nutritional balance of Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. (African mahogany) seedlings. The experiment was setup in a shade house on the Professor Cinobelina Elvas Campus of the Federal University of Piauí, in Bom Jesus, in the State of Piauí, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomised, with five concentrations of swine farm wastewater (SFW) (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) added to the irrigation water. The growth and nutritional balance of the seedlings were evaluated 100 days after sowing, by measuring shoot height (H), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), total chlorophyll (TC), leaf area (LA), shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW), and by calculating the total dry weight (TDW), leaf (LBA), stem (SBA), and root (RBA) biomass allocation, Dickson Quality Index (DQI) and average Nutritional Balance Index (NBIm). It was found that K. senegalensis seedlings responded to the SFW, showing the best results for growth and nutritional balance at concentrations of around 50%.
Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da água residuária da suinocultura no crescimento e no balanço nutricional de mudas de Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. (mogno-africano). O experimento foi instalado no Campus Profa. Cinobelina Elvas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, em Bom Jesus, PI, dentro de uma casa de sombra. O experimento foi implantado em delineamento inteiramentecasualizado, com cinco concentrações de água residuária de suinocultura (ARS) (0; 25; 50; 75 e 100%) na água de irrigação. O crescimento e balanço nutricional das mudas foram avaliados aos 100 dias após a semeadura, com a mensuração da altura da parte aérea (H), diâmetro do coleto (DC), número de folhas (NF), clorofila total (CT), área foliar (AF), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) e do sistema radicular (MSR) e calculadas a massa seca total (MST), as alocações de biomassa foliar (ABF), caule (ABC), raízes (ABR), o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD) e Índice de Balanço Nutricional médio (IBNm). Constatou-se que a as mudas de K. senegalensis responderam à ARS, apresentando os melhores resultados de crescimento e equilíbrio nutricional em concentrações em torno de 50%.
Subject(s)
Swine , Meliaceae , Wastewater , BiomassABSTRACT
RESUMO O estudo sobre reatores anaeróbios em laboratório prioriza o controle de determinados parâmetros que são de difícil controle em campo, o que dificulta o processo de scale-up. Entre os parâmetros está a carga orgânica volumétrica (COV). No caso do dejeto suíno, esse parâmetro pode sofrer alterações diárias em função das condições climáticas, das mudanças no manejo, da alimentação dos animais, entre outros. A fim de verificar o impacto dessa variação na produtividade de biogás, foi analisado o comportamento de um reator anaeróbio de mistura completa (CSTR) em dois diferentes tempos de retenção hidráulica (TRHs) - 20 e 30 dias - durante um período total de 180 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que a elevação da COV resulta em piora da eficiência de tratamento, bem como na produção de biogás. O ensaio com TRH de 20 dias obteve uma melhor resposta às alterações de carga orgânica.
ABSTRACT The study of anaerobic digesters at laboratory focuses on the control of certain parameters that are not so easy to control in the field, which makes it difficult to process scale-up. One example is the Organic Loading Rate. To swine manure, this parameter can change daily due to weather conditions, management practices, feeding and others. In order to verify the impact of this fluctuation on biogas yield, the behavior of a CSTR reactor was analyzed in two different Hydraulic Retention Times (20 and 30 days) for a total period of 180 days. The result demonstrated that the increase of OLR result in a decrease of treatment efficiency as well as biogas yields. The study with HRT of 20 days had a better response to changes in organic load.
ABSTRACT
@#Aims:The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of freshwater green microalgae in remediating swine manure wastewater. Two different species of freshwater green microalgae (Scenedesmus quadricaudaand Stigeocloniumsp.) were used in this study.Methodology and results:Laboratory experiments were performed to compare the growth rate and nutrients (total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen) uptake by these two species of microalgae in swine manure wastewater. Experimental work was carried out for 14 days at room temperature of 30±1 °C with about 1520 Lux of light intensity. The results showed that both microalgae grew well in swine manure wastewater. S.quadricaudaperformed better in remediating swine manure wastewater, by reducing 83.99% of COD, 80.39% of BOD5, 84.78% of total phosphorus (TP), 91.79% of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), 89.79% of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and 87.14% of nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) compared to Stigeocloniumsp. which was only able to remove 79.26% of COD, 76.27% of BOD5,75.17% of TP, 86.42% of NH3-N, 84.38% of NO3-N and 82.38 NO2-N.Conclusion, significance and impact of study:The results of this study indicate that these two species of microalgae have potential to be used in the remediation of swine manure wastewate
ABSTRACT
O sistema de plantio direto (SPD) tem contribuído para melhorias nos solos agrícolas, dentre elas o aumento da concentração de nutrientes no solo. No entanto, tem se verificado que este aumento ocorre principalmente na camada superficial do solo, o que contribui para que ocorram perdas de nutrientes através de enxurradas, com danos econômicos e ambientais. Este trabalho avaliou a concentração total dos nutrientes potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg) e cobre (Cu) e do K nas formas solúvel e particulado, na enxurrada ocasionada por chuvas simuladas com diferentes intensidades aplicadas sobre solo manejado por cinco anos sob SPD, após aplicação superficial de adubo orgânico ou mineral. Os adubos não afetaram a concentração dos nutrientes estudados, exceto na condição da chuva mais intensa e solo sob adubação orgânica, onde a enxurrada apresentou maior concentração de K solúvel e K total. Independente do tipo de adubo utilizado, a chuva de maior intensidade ocasionou maior concentração de todos os nutrientes e formas estudados, evidenciando os benefícios econômicos e ambientais da adoção de práticas de contenção da enxurrada, mesmo em áreas cultivadas sob SPD.
The no-tillage system, has contributed to improvements in agricultural soils, among them the like increases in nutrient concentrations.of mineral elements in soil. However, it has been found that this increase concentration occurs mainly in the first few centimeters of the superficial top layer and so risks of nutrient losses by runoff, and associated of the soil, which concurs for losses of mineral elements through of runoff, with economic and environmental damages, are high. This study evaluated the total concentration, in runoff, of mineral elements potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) in total form and the soluble and particulate concentration form of K, in runoff caused to simulated rainfall of different intensitiesy applied over soil under no-till system and submitted to simulated after application of organic or mineral fertilizers in no-till soil. The fertilizers did not affect the concentration of mineral elements studied nutrients in runoff, except in condition of more high intense rainfall and soil under after organic manure application, which promoted runoff with showed the higher highest concentration of soluble and total K. Independent Irrespective of the type of fertilizers utilized type, the rainfall of higher intensity resulted in higher concentrations of all the mineral elements and forms studied, either in total, soluble or particulate form, evidencing the economic and environmental benefices, risks and suggesting that with the adoption of practices for runoff contention of runoff practices must be adopted , even in tilled croplands areas managed under no-till system.
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to describe the bacterial community present at an anaerobic up flow bioreactor with ANAMMOX activity, inoculated with the sludge from the anaerobic pond of a swine slurry treatment system. The description was based on the molecular DNA techniques using primers for amplification of complete 16S rRNA gene and also new primers to amplify smaller fragments from 16S rRNA. During the bioreactor operation time, the bacterial community changed significantly, increasing the nitrogen removal efficiency, reaching after 500 days a removal rate of 94 percent. The complete PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene generated 17 clones, where three presented similarity with Candidatus Jettenia asiatica (97 percent), twelve with Janthinobacterium (99 percent) and two with uncultured clones. The PCR amplification of 436 base pairs had generated 12 clones, of which eight presented 96-100 percent similarity with Candidatus Anammoxoglobus propionicus, Planctomycete KSU-1 and one with Pseudomonas sp. (99 percent) and three with uncultured clones.