Upper limb swing training with rhythmic auditory stimulation can improve the balance and walking ability of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore any effect of upper limb swing training guided by rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on the walking ability of stroke survivors.Methods:Eighty stroke survivors were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation treatment, including neuromuscular facilitation, muscle strength training, balance training and gait training, but the observation group was additionally provided with RAS-guided upper limb swing training for 20min once a day, 5d per week for 6 weeks. Before and after the intervention, balance and lower limb function were quantified in both groups using Holden′s walking function classification, the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity motor function scale (FMA-LE), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the 10m walk test (10MWT). Limits of stability were also quantified.Results:After the treatment, the average Holden, FMA-LE and BBS scores, as well as the average 10MWT time were significantly better in the observation group than in the control group. The average stability limits and their maintenance were also superior.Conclusion:RAS-guided upper limb swing training can improve the gait, walking ability, walking stability, walking speed and balance of stroke survivors.

MANAGEMENT OF A HUGE PARAPHARYNGEAL MASS : A SURGICAL NOVELTY

Parapharyngeal space(PPS) tumors are very uncommon. Though majority of these tumors are of benign origin, the most common among them is a pleomorphic adenoma. Surgical removal is mainstay for the treatment of these tumors for which a strategic preoperative evaluation of each patient and knowledge of different surgical approaches to PPS are essential. Here we report a rare but typical case of a 35 years old female presented to OPD with a mass in right the parapharyngeal space. The mass was excised successfully using mandibular swing approach and the post operative histopathology report suggested it to be “pleomorphic adenoma”

Medical Oxygen: A Lifesaving Drug During the COVID-19 Pandemic—Source and Distribution

Oxygen is an essential lifesaving medicine used for several indications at all levels of health care. The COVID-19 pandemic and its recent second wave have resulted in a surge in demand for necessary resources, including trained staf, hospital beds, and medical supplies like oxygen. Limited availability of these resources resulted in added risk of adverse outcomes. Also, the widespread unregulated use of oxygen by the general public in household settings poses safety concerns. This review focuses on sources of medical oxygen like cryogenic oxygen plants, pressure swing adsorption, oxygen concentrators, and oxygen cylinders. Their specifcations, storage, distribution within healthcare settings, regulation, and safety concerns have been considered. Resources needed for calculating oxygen demand, surge planning, identifying the suitable source, and distribution systems for diferent settings have been detailed. This review aims to help the hospital administrators, biomedical engineers, and clinicians plan and rationalize oxygen usage in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Swing door technique for uncinectomy versus standard technique: a comparative study

INTRODUCTION@#Uncinectomy can be performed using various methods. The aim of the present study was to compare the results and complications of uncinectomy and middle meatus antrostomy using the standard and swing door techniques during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.@*METHODS@#In a prospective controlled study, 60 patients (aged 18-50 years) suffering from chronic maxillary sinusitis underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery from January 2007 to December 2008 at a tertiary care centre. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30: Group A underwent uncinectomy using the standard technique, while Group B underwent uncinectomy using the swing door technique.@*RESULTS@#Group B showed more improvement in symptoms, with a mean visual analogue scale score of 80.58 ± 14.34 compared to 78.50 ± 16.63 in Group A. Both groups had no major complications. At the end of Week 2, minor complications were observed in 8 (26.7%) of the patients from Group A and 2 (6.7%) from Group B. By the sixth week, the minor complication rate was 1 (3.3%) and 0 (0%) in Group A and Group B, respectively. When compared statistically during the second week using chi-square test, the difference in the minor complication rate was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05, χ@*CONCLUSION@#The swing door technique for uncinectomy produces good postoperative results, with fewer complications, as compared to the standard technique.

The Role Of Morphological Traits On The Batting Performance Of Cricket Batsmen – A Review Study

Background: The batting performance is assessed by considering the batting average and strike rate of a batsman. With the induction of T-20 cricket matches, the strike rate of a batsman has gained much attention from coaches and team management. To increase the strike rate a batsman required to hit powerful shots for boundaries, which assist in making maximum scores at the minimum ball. Therefore, this investigation was planned to determine the effect of body size on the batting performance of cricket batsman. Methods: the literature for this study was selected for cricket coaching manual, cricket books, cricket batting videos, a biography of cricket batsmen, research articles. The academic documents were downloaded and shortlisted from Google Scholar, Research Gate, EBSCO, and ProQuest from 1990 to 2019. Results: The synthesized literature review concludes, stature, longer legs, longer arms, and lean body mass of a batsman show positive effects on the execution of powerful shots in cricket. Furthermore, the maximum strength of muscles assists a batsman to boost up the initial velocity of bat swing to accomplish the ball speed for a successful and powerful shot. Conclusions: Although stature and longer limbs of batsmen are associated with batting performance. On the other hand, the specific training would also enhance the capacity of cricket batsman for powerful shots in cricket. A future study was proposed to investigate the effect of training on the batting performance.

​Clinical Review Of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma In Urban Tertiary Care Centre: A Retrospective Analysis

Introduction: The aim of this study was to review management, surgical approaches used, blood loss, complications, andrecurrence rate of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) in our institution during 2002–2005 period.Materials and Methods: All patients referred for a JNA were included in the study. Medical files and imaging data wereretrospectively analyzed. Surgical management was then evaluated consecutive patients operated on from April 2002 to June2005. Case series with chart review. The study was conducted from data on patients operated from April 2002 to 2005 in MadrasMedical College and Government General Hospital.Results: A total of 42 patients were operated on, with a mean age of 16.8 years (range, 9–31 years). In the endoscopic approachblood loss was found to be <300 ml. With Weber Ferguson trans palatine extensive tumor with proptosis blood loss was >1000 mlembolization has reduced the intraoperative blood loss. Since they explored pterygopalatine fossa by removing,posterior partof medial wall and posterior wall completely, recurrence was rare.Conclusion: Progress in skull base anatomy, instrumentation, cameras, and surgical strategy allows for expansion of theindications for endoscopic removal of JNA. This approach may have a better outcome in terms of blood loss, hospital stay, andlocal sequelae. Still, an external approach should be considered only for selected cases due to a massive intracranial extensionor optic nerve or internal carotid artery entrapment by the tumor.

Golf Swing Rotational Velocity: The Essential Follow-Through

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if shoulder and pelvic angular velocities differ at impact or peak magnitude between professional and amateur golfers. Golf swing rotational biomechanics are a key determinant of power generation, driving distance, and injury prevention. We hypothesize that shoulder and pelvic angular velocities would be highly consistent in professionals. METHODS: Rotational velocities of the upper-torso and pelvis throughout the golf swing and in relation to phases of the golf swing were examined in 11 professionals and compared to 5 amateurs using three-dimensional motion analysis. RESULTS: Peak rotational velocities of professionals were highly consistent, demonstrating low variability (coefficient of variation [COV]), particularly upper-torso rotational velocity (COV=0.086) and pelvic rotational velocity (COV=0.079) during down swing. Peak upper-torso rotational velocity and peak X-prime, the relative rotational velocity of uppertorso versus pelvis, occurred after impact in follow-through, were reduced in amateurs compared to professionals (p=0.005 and p=0.005, respectively) and differentiated professionals from most (4/5) amateurs. In contrast, peak pelvic rotational velocity occurred in down swing. Pelvic velocity at impact was reduced in amateurs compared to professionals (p=0.019) and differentiated professionals from most (4/5) amateurs. CONCLUSION: Golf swing rotational velocity of professionals was consistent in pattern and magnitude, offering benchmarks for amateurs. Understanding golf swing rotational biomechanics can guide swing modifications to help optimize performance and prevent injury.

Effects of backpack loads and positions on the variability of gait spatiotemporal parameters in young adults

Abstract Introduction: People carry backpacks of different weight in different positions every day. The effects of backpack wearing under different loads and positions were assessed according to the gait's spatiotemporal parameters and their variability in young adults. Methods Twenty-one subjects performed trials of 4 min in the conditions: control condition with no backpack; bilateral back load consisting of 10% body weight (BW); bilateral back load of 20% BW (B20); unilateral load of 10% BW; unilateral load with 20% BW (U20); bilateral frontal load with 10% BW; bilateral frontal load with 20% BW. Results Step length (SL) and step frequency (SF) show that frontal conditions differed from others as seen in B20. Gait cycle phases showed an increase in the B20 condition for double stance phase and stance phase, swing phase presented reduction in the B20 condition. There were significant main effects in position for SL, SF, and walk ratio, in load only for stride width. The highest variability of spatiotemporal parameters occurred in the U20 condition. All load conditions with 20% BW showed a greater variability when compared to the 10% BW counterpart. Conclusion We concluded that young adults can cope with up to a 15% BW load under a bilateral back position, but in the frontal position not even a 10% BW load was proven to be a safe limit. 20% BW loads should be avoided in any position. These recommendations may assure increased gait stability, decreased trunk forward lean and decreased muscle activation and fatigue reducing back pain occurrence.

The influence of constrained arms swing on temporal and spatial gait parameters in healthy young adults / 中国康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of constrained arms swing on temporal and spatial gait parameters in healthy young adults.Method:Thirty-six healthy young persons (18 male,18 female;age:22.72±3.54 years;height:167.35±9.15 cm;weight:63.62±16.29 kg) were recruited for this study.All subjects received gait analysis by the Gait Watch analyses system.All subjects walked combined with 10 walking conditions (the arms swinging naturally,the arms constrained in front of the abdomen,the arms constrained in back of the abdomen,the left arm constrained in body side,the left arm constrained in front of the abdomen,the left arm constrained in back of the abdomen,the right arm constrained in body side,the right arm constrained in front of the abdomen and the right arm constrained in back of the abdomen).Walking conditions were randomly set during the experiment.The differences of the temporal and spatial gait parameters were analyzed and compared.Result:There was not significant difference of the temporal and spatial gait parameters (gait cycle,stride frequency,stride length,step velocity,step length,left step,right step,double support phase) between arm constrained and the arms swinging naturally.The left support phase and left swing phase showed significantly difference with the left arm constrained in body side,the left arm constrained in front of the abdomen and the left arm constrained in back of the abdomen compared with arms swinging naturally.The right support phase and right swing phase showed significantly difference with the left arm constrained in back of the abdomen,the right arm constrained in body side,the right arm constrained in front of the abdomen and the right arm constrained in back of the abdomen compared with arms swinging naturally.Conclusion:The left support phase was shorten and left swing phase was prolonged with the left arm constrained,while the right support phase was prolonged and right swing phase was shorten with the right arm constrained.

The Influence of Restricted Arm Swing on Symmetry, Movement of Trunk and Pelvis Rotation according to Using a Mobile Phone

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of variations in arm swing during gait on movement of the trunk and pelvis. During the gait task, the angle of the trunk and pelvic rotation were analyzed according to arm swing conditions. METHODS: Seventeen healthy males participated in this study. All subjects were analyzed for gait on a treadmill three times each under three different types of arm swing conditions – natural arm swing, restricted arm swing using a phone, restricted swing in both arms. 3-D motion analysis systems were used to collect and analyze the kinematic data of trunk and pelvic movements, and repeated one-way ANOVA was used to compare the trunk and pelvic kinematic data and symmetry index. The level of significance was α=0.05. RESULTS: The results showed kinematic differences in trunk and pelvic during gait based on the arm swing conditions. Specifically, there were significant differences in trunk rotation, left and right trunk rotation and symmetry index of trunk rotation during gait among the three arm swing conditions. ROM was used to calculate a symmetry index (SI) based on the average left and right trunk rotation in which a value closer to zero indicated better balance. The SI obtained for arm swing restricted with the phone was closer to –1 than the other conditions. CONCLUSION: Restricted arm swing due to use of a phone had the possibility to induce instability of postural control while walking, which could be seen to suggest a risk of falling during gait.

Analysis of the surgical treatment of the tumors in infratemporal fossa by mandibular swing approach / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To analyse the effects of mandibular swing approach in the treatment of the tumors in infratemporal fossa. Methods:11 patients with tumors in infratemporal fossa treated by the surgical operation with mandibular swing approach. The mandi-ble cut was at the front of foramina mentale in 5 cases, at the front of mandible angle in 4 cases and at the middle of chin in 2 cases re-spectively. Results:According to the nature, location, size and the relationship of the tumors with peripheral nerve and blood vessels, flexible selection of the position of mandibular cut could fully expose and completely remove the infratemporal fossa tumor. Conclusion:Surgical treatment of the tumors in infratemporal fossa by mandibular swing approach is safe and effective.

Eu, tu, ele(s), ela(s): cartografando heteroconjugalidades na prática do swing / I, you, he, she, they: drawing a cartography about straight/conjugalities in practice of swing

As experimentações da sexualidade produzidas nas heteroconjugalidades contemporâneas têm vivido transições nos seus suportes afetivo-relacionais, maior flexibilização em suas hierarquias de gênero e enriquecimento das suas possibilidades institucionais. Problematizaremos a prática do swing como uma das linhas de tensionamento produzidas nesta agonística cultural, tomando como objeto de estudo hetero/casais em cenas eróticas 'dissidentes'. Nesta cena da pesquisa nos valemos de conversações entre interlocutoras/res swingers cearenses e uma das pesquisadoras. Os princípios do método do nosso estudo se (des)acomodam em perspectivas feministas e desde os estudos queer, assumindo um modo de análise em posição discursivo-desconstrucionista, a partir dos pressupostos foucaultianos da análise do discurso. Esta cartografia íntima nos permitiu acompanhar algo dos/nos trânsitos das relações hetero/conjugais contemporâneas e suas (dissidentes) performances de gênero e experimentações das sexualidades. De modo que assumimos, pelo instante, a ideia do swing como prática de subjetivação e modo de experimentação da heteroconjugalidade

The experimentations of sexuality produced in contemporary straight/conjugalities have experienced transitions in the affective-relational bases, greater flexibilization in their gender hierarchies and enrichment of their institutional possibilities. We will problematize the practice of swing as one of the tensioning lines produced in this cultural agonistic, taking as object of study straight/couples in 'dissent' erotic scenes. At this scene of the research we make use of conversations between interlocutor swingers of Ceará and one of the researchers. The principles of the method of the study (dis)lodge in feminist perspectives and from queer studies, assuming a mode of analysis in discursive deconstructionist position, from the Foucaultian assumptions of the analysis discourse. This intimate cartography allowed us to accompany something of/on transits of contemporary hetero/conjugal relationships and their (dissent) performances of gender and sexualities experimentations. In a way that we assume, for now, the idea of swing as practice of subjectivation and method of heteroconjugality experimentation

Improving performance in golf: current research and implications from a clinical perspective

ABSTRACTGolf, a global sport enjoyed by people of all ages and abilities, involves relatively long periods of low intensity exercise interspersed with short bursts of high intensity activity. To meet the physical demands of full swing shots and the mental and physical demands of putting and walking the course, it is frequently recommended that golfers undertake golf-specific exercise programs. Biomechanics, motor learning, and motor control research has increased the understanding of the physical requirements of the game, and using this knowledge, exercise programs aimed at improving golf performance have been developed. However, while it is generally accepted that an exercise program can improve a golfer's physical measurements and some golf performance variables, translating the findings from research into clinical practice to optimise an individual golfer's performance remains challenging. This paper discusses how biomechanical and motor control research has informed current practice and discusses how emerging sophisticated tools and research designs may better assist golfers improve their performance.

Gênero, sexualidade e swing: a ressignificação de valores através da troca de casais / Género, sexualidad y swing: la resignificación de valores a través del intercambio de parejas / Gender, sexuality and swinging: resignification of values through partner exchange

O objeto de estudo deste artigo é o swing, também chamado de troca de casais. Pretende-se compreender questões fundamentais que norteiam este universo no que diz respeito à sexualidade e às identidades de gênero dos praticantes. A análise é feita a partir de trabalho de campo realizado em um clube de swing na região de Lisboa e em entrevistas com seis casais adeptos da prática. Procura-se entender de que maneira as identidades de gênero e sexuais são reproduzidas, ressignificadas ou negadas no swing, bem como o que caracteriza a feminilidade e a masculinidade neste universo. Esta pesquisa também aponta algumas particularidades da troca de casais não apenas para o relacionamento afetivo-sexual, mas também para os indivíduos envolvidos...

Este artículo trata del swing, también llamado intercambio de parejas. Se busca comprender cuestiones fundamentales que orientan este universo, en lo que respecta a la sexualidad y las identidades de género de sus practicantes. El análisis se basa en trabajo de campo realizado en un club de swing en la región de Lisboa y en entrevistas con 6 parejas que lo practican. Se procura entender de qué manera son reproducidas, resignificadas o negadas en el swing las identidades sexuales y de género, así como qué caracteriza a la feminidad y a la masculinidad en este universo. La investigación señala también algunas particularidades del intercambio de parejas, no sólo para la relación afectivo-sexual sino también para los individuos implicados...

The subject of this article is swinging, also known as partner exchange or swinging lifestyle. It addresses fundamental issues that guide this universe with regard to practitioners' sexuality and gender identities. The analysis is based on an ethnography conducted at a swingers' club in the Lisbon area, and on interviews with six swinger couples. It seeks to understand how gender and sexual identities are reproduced, resignified or denied in swinging, as well as what characterizes femininity and masculinity in this universe. This research also points out some peculiarities of swinging not only for conjugal life, but also for the individuals involved...

Mechanical principle of the respiration-driven variation of cardiac function:echocardiographic study of factors affecting the swing of interventricular septum / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To investigate the affecting factors of interventricular septum (IVS) swing by study of the mechanical model of the respiration-driven variation of cardiac function using echocardiography.Methods In present study,the equivalent mechanical model of septal swing in previous study was used.By changing the end-diastolic pressure difference between the simulated right and left ventricles and simulated intrapericardial pressure,the subsequent influences on IVS swing using echocardiography were observed.Results Under the rhythmic respiratory intrathoracic pressure change(RIPC)(0--4 mm Hg,1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa),the swing amplitude of simulated IVS increased with decrease of the simulated end-diastolic pressure difference between the simulated right and left ventricles (2.2-17.6 mm).With increasing of the simulated intrapericardial pressure,the simulated right ventricle and left ventricle collapsed in succession,the swing amplitude of simulated IVS also increased to a maximal amplitude of 22.4 mm.Conclusions The affecting factors of IVS swing including the magnitude of RIPC,the end-diastolic pressure difference between the two ventricles and the intrapericardial pressure.

Electromyographic Analysis of Left Leg Muscle Activity during Golf Driver Swing

OBJECTIVE: To analyze activities of left lower extremity muscles throughout phases of the golf swing, using surface electromyography. METHOD: We evaluated muscle activities during the golf swing of 5 amateur and 5 professional golfers using surface electromyography. Surface electrodes were placed in the left gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, peroneus longus, and tibialis anterior. RESULTS: Muscle activities of professional golfers in the left gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris abruptly increased from top-swing phase to impact phase but muscle activities of amateur golfers in these muscles increased to top-swing phase and decreased at follow swing phase. Muscle activities of professional golfers in left peroneus longus, gastrocnemius abruptly increase from forward swing to impact but muscle activity of amateur golfers in these muscles continuously increase to impact and abruptly increase at follow swing. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate the importance of the muscles in the golfer's swing.

PROFILES OF ACTIVITIES OF THIGH MUSCLES DURING SPRINT RUNNING IN TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES EXPERIENCED HAMSTRINGS (MUSCLE) STRAIN INJURY － DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INJURED AND NON INJURED LEGS － / 体力科学

The present study aimed to investigate the profiles of activities of thigh muscles during 100 m sprint running in track and field athletes experienced hamstrings (muscle) strain injury, with specific emphasis on the difference between injured and non-inured legs. The subjects were 20 track and field athletes who were divided into muscle strain injury group (MS) and non muscle strain injury group (NMS). The electromyograms (EMGs) of five thigh muscles (the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis) and knee joint angles were recorded during 100 m sprint running. For NMS, there were no significant differences between the right and left legs. For MS, the averaged EMG of every muscle,expressed as relative to that during maximum voluntary contraction (%mEMG_MVC), values of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus in the latter phases of takeoff and swing periods were significantly higher in the injured leg than in the non-injured leg. Also, the maximal flexed and extended angles of the knee joint during takeoff and swing period, respectively, for the injured leg were significantly greater than those for non-injured leg. Thus, the present results indicate that track and field athletes experienced hamstrings (muscle) strain injury show by higher EMG activities in the biceps femoiris and semitendinosus of the injured leg at the later phases of swing and takeoff periods during 100 m sprint running. This may be partially related to the running style with a greater extended position of knee joint angles at the corresponding phases.

Swing Door Reduction Malar Plasty Without the Need for Fixation

The zygomatic bone is one of the most important bone in forming the facial contours. Asians, especially Northeast asians, including Koreans have a very wide and protruding zygomatic bone making, they have a very rough and manly look. Most of the malar osteotomy reductions including triangular osteotomy need a fixation of the bone fragment to prevent the nonunion or malunion of the zygomatic bone or the lower margin of the bone fragment after the surgery. 76 cases were reviewed between October 2004 and August 2006 which were operated in Korean hospitals and Shanghai hospital in China. 74 of the 76 cases were done for women, and the average age was 27.5(21-38). The first osteotomy was done where the frontal process and temporal process meet with a safety zone between the orbital margin towards the oral angle. The electronic saw maintains a 45 degrees to the zygomatico-maxillary buttress with preservation of the 5mm of the outer table of the zygomatic bone. However the inner table has a greater preservation of the bone and periosteum from the osteotomy. The second osteotomy line was towards the downward-laterally at a almost 90 degree angle with a 5mm interval between the first cut starting at the zygomatic body inferior laterally. To prevent the mobility and the loss of the bone when using the electronic saw for the preauricular incision or post sideburn incision, osteotome was used. In the 76 cases followed by 2 weeks, no dropping of the buccal area was found nor unwanted anterior dropping of the buccal fat was found. The authors used triangular osteotomy method and the method of creating artificial depression through 3 partial osteotomy prior to this method. There was no inferior displacement of the bone fragment after the surgery. There was essentially no loss of the bone of the osteotomy surface due to the incomplete fracture of the osteotomy-fracture of the swing zygomatic body using the osteotome. Comparing to other operations, operating time was shorter and recovery was faster. It was economical because fixation equipments did not use. Also, it was easy to do asymmetry correction since broken bone and spicule were easily moved as an operator's intention.

Appraisal of clinical profile and management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in Malaysia

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign but locally invasive tumour. Patients are usually in their adolescent age and present with epistaxis and nasal blockage. Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and the C.T. scan findings. Pre-operative superselective embolisation (SSE) and surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The outpatient clinic of ORL-HNS hospital of University Science Malaysia received 25 referrals, all male, majority between 9-13 years of age and few adolescents. Clinically the patients were consistent with symptoms of recurrent epistaxis and nasal blockage. They reported from October 1998 to October 2001 from within the state of Kelantan and the nearby states of Pahang, Kedah and Terenganu. Diagnosis was mostly made on typical radiological findings and the tumours were classified accordingly into four stages. SSE and surgical excision was carried out in all cases. Regular follow-up helped us to identify early recurrences which were treated with salvage surgery or radiotherapy in one case with extensive intracranial extension. A retrospective review of presenting features, diagnostic difficulties, surgical approaches and its outcome is presented. Maxillary swing procedure performed in three cases as a new surgical option in the management of JNA is also discussed.

The Effect of Modified Probing (Lee's Swing Method) on Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction

PURPOSE: To compare modified probing (swing method) to conventional probing for treating congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). METHODS: From March 1997 to February 2004, we compared the result between two groups of CNLDO patients: one which underwent conventional probing (Group A: 126 eyes of 126 patients) and the other which underwent modified probing (Group B: 98 eyes of 98 patients) with the swing method. RESULTS: In the comparison between the two groups, there were no statistical differences in genders and ages. When we selected patients according to the age group, we found no differences in the primary success rate between Groups A and B (p=0.088 for the patients of aged six to twelve months old, p=0.051 for the patients aged 13 to 18 months old). Compared by the number of probings, patients with no history of probing in each group showed no significant difference in the success rate (p=0.301). On the other hand, the patients in Group B who experienced probing more than once showed a significantly higher success rate than those in Group A (p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the swing method as a primary treatment for CNLDO in preference to conventional probing because the swing method shows a higher success rate for patients older than 13 months and also for those with a history of previous probing.