ABSTRACT
Background:Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) are one of the major adverse effects of blood transfusion. Serological testing can reduce, but not eliminate the occurrences of TTIs. Study of TTIs amongst blood donors could help to find safe blood for the patients.Aims:This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of markers of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Syphilis and Malaria among Voluntary Blood Donors and Replacement Blood Donors in a tertiary care centre.Materials and Methods: Aretrospective study was conducted at The State of the art Model blood bank, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Medical College (JNMMC) and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Memorial Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. This study included all the blood donors both from in-hospital donations and outdoor camps donations (including Voluntary and Replacement donors) from January 2011 to December 2018. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was done for screening of HBV, HCVand HIV; Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test was done for syphilis and Card Test for Malaria Antigen.Results:Atotal of 1,08,577 donors were screened over a period of eight years. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis and malaria was found to be 0.12%, 0.77%, 0.04%, 0.22% and 0.03% respectively. Overall seroprevalence of reactive TTIs was 1.19%, which was maximum in the year 2013 (2.28%) after that there was a gradual decrease in the prevalence rate of TTIs in blood donors over the years. Infections were more common among Replacement Donors as compared to Voluntary Donors. Conclusion: The increase in public awareness regarding Voluntary blood donation, meticulous donor screening, counselling and use of highly sensitive tests can help in reducing the risk of TTIs. Prevalence of HIVinfection is decreasing in the blood donors. The HBVinfection still remains a menace to be tackled. HCV, Syphilis and malaria maintain a low rate of positivity. Methods to ensure a safe blood supply should be encouraged.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To report our experience with two tests, anti-cardiolipin antibody test [venereal disease reasearch laboratory (VDRL) test] and specific treponemal test (Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay), used for screening antenatal, high risk cases and cases from sexually transmitted infection in a tertiary care hospital from January 2006 till December 2008. Methods: A total of 14 639 samples received from various patient groups including antenatal cases, patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic, blood donors and HIV positive patients were screened. Results: Among the 14 639 samples collected, 103 were positive by VDRL test. Of these 89 cases were confirmed by quantitative VDRL test and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay. The cumulative seroprevalence over two years was found to be 0.61% in this study. The syphilis seroprevalence reduced from 0.88% in 2006 to 0.40% in 2008. Among the various sub-populations studied, patients attending the sexually transmitted infection clinic showed a seroprevalence of 2.62%. The seroprevalence decreased significantly from 4.00% in 2006 to 1.39% in 2008. Conclusions: Our study showed a statistically significant declining rate of syphilis in STD clinics as well as the overall seroprevalence. These findings could be interpreted as indicators of improved programmes for prevention and management of STDs.
ABSTRACT
To report our experience with two tests, anti-cardiolipin antibody test [venereal disease reasearch laboratory (VDRL) test] and specific treponemal test (Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay), used for screening antenatal, high risk cases and cases from sexually transmitted infection in a tertiary care hospital from January 2006 till December 2008. Methods: A total of 14639 samples received from various patient groups including antenatal cases, patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic, blood donors and HIV positive patients were screened. Results: Among the 14639 samples collected, 103 were positive by VDRL test. Of these 89 cases were confirmed by quantitative VDRL test and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay. The cumulative seroprevalence over two years was found to be 0.61% in this study. The syphilis seroprevalence reduced from 0.88% in 2006 to 0.40% in 2008. Among the various sub-populations studied, patients attending the sexually transmitted infection clinic showed a seroprevalence of 2.62%. The seroprevalence decreased significantly from 4.00% in 2006 to 1.39% in 2008. Conclusions: Our study showed a statistically significant declining rate of syphilis in STD clinics as well as the overall seroprevalence. These findings could be interpreted as indicators of improved programmes for prevention and management of STDs.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: a epidemia do HIV no Brasil caracteriza-se como concentrada em populações-chave, incluindo homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). No entanto, são pouco conhecidos os indicadores de monitoramento e avaliação da epidemia em nível estadual ou municipal destas populações. Objetivo: descrever comportamentos de risco e prevalências de HIV e sífilis em população de HSH em Belo Horizonte, MG.Métodos: estudo de corte transversal parte de estudo multicêntrico nacional entre HSH adultos. A amostra foi recrutada pela técnica Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e exames para HIV e sífilis. Resultados: foram recrutados 274 HSH em Belo Horizonte. Os participantes eram principalmente indivíduos jovens, com alta escolaridade, de classes sociais A/B, que se autorreferiram gay ou homossexual e tinham alta proporção do uso irregular de preservativos. As prevalências ponderadas da infecção pelo HIV e de sífilis foram, respectivamente, 10,3 e 13,9%. Idade, cor, contar para a mãe ou pai sobre a orientação sexual, testagem prévia para o HIV ou sífilis, diagnóstico prévio de sífilis ou de outras DSTs foram estatisticamente associados a ambas as infecções (p<0,05). Estado civil, família ser indiferente ou desaprovar a opção sexual, ter melhor conhecimento sobre HIV/Aids, mas não saber avaliar sua percepção de risco estiveram estatisticamente associados somente ao HIV e classe social somente com sífilis. Conclusão: os resultados revelam a gravidade da epidemia do HIV na população de HSH residentes em Belo Horizonte. Políticas públicas no nível municipal e estadual devem ser implementadas e/ou revistas com urgência...
Introduction: The HIV epidemic in Brazil is characterized as concentrated on key populations, incluiding men Who have sex with men (MSM). However, monitoring and evaluation indicators are not well known at Municipal or State levels. Objective: To describe risk behaviors and HIV and syphilis prevalences among MSM in Belo Horizonte, MG. Methods: Crosssectional study part of a national multicenter study among adult MSM in Brazil. The sample was recruited using Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) technique. Semistructure interviews and serological exams for HIV and syphilis were conducted. Resultads: A total of 274 MSM were recruited in Belo Horizonte. Participants were mostly young, with high education, social classes A/B, self-reported as gay or homosexual and with high proportion of irregular use of condoms. Weighted prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis were, respectively, 10.3% and 13.9%. Age, color, sharing with their mother or father their sexual orientation, prior HIV and syphilis testing, and previous diagnosis of syphilis or other STDs were statistically associated with both infections (p<0.05). Marital status, family disapproval or indifference of their sexual orientation, better HIV/Aids knowledge, not knowing their chances of acquiring HIV were statistically associated only with HIV and social class only with syphilis. Conclusion: These results indicate the severity of the HIV epidemic amongthe MSM population in Belo Horizonte. Public policies at the municipal and state levels must be implemented and/or revised urgently...