Application of bisphosphonates in avascular necrosis of the femoral head / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Animal experiments have shown that bisphosphonates exhibit a preventive effect on femoral head collapse. However, clinical application of bisphosphonates remains disputed. Systematic administration of bisphosphonates has many adverse reactions. There is an increasing number of studies on local application of bisphosphonates. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of bisphosphonates in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. METHODS: The first authors (GJC and MJH) searched PubMed and CNKI databases to retrieve papers regarding bisphosphonate treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head using the search terms “osteonecrosis of the femoral head, bisphosphonates, systemic therapy, topical therapy, osteogenesis, bone destruction, bone remodeling” in English and Chinese. Sixty-two eligible papers were included in the final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It remains disputed whether bisphosphonates inhibit or activate osteoblasts. Current studies have shown that low concentration of bisphosphonates can promote the proliferation of osteoblasts, while high concentration of bisphosphonates can inhibit the proliferation of osteoblasts. Long term systematic application of bisphosphonates can induce mandibular osteonecrosis and other side effects. Topical application of bisphosphonates for treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head is still in the experimental stage. The optimal bisphosphonate concentration and the duration of efficacy in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head have not been determined. These should be clarified by in-depth high-quality experiments prior to clinical application.

Effect of tympanic dexamethasone injection in the treatment of different types of sudden deafness / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#The aim of this study is to explore the best administration, timing and efficacy of dexamethasone and Mison in the treatment of different types of sudden deafness. @*Method@#242 cases of sudden deafness first diagnosed in our department were selected. According to the guidelines（2015）, the patients were divided into low frequency descending type （49 cases）, high frequency descending type （66 cases）, flat descending type （71 cases） and total deafness （56 cases）. Different types of patients were randomly divided into tympanic injection group and systemic administration group on the basis of routine treatment. Tympanic injection group was further divided into initial injection group and delayed injection group. Tympanic injection was performed under ear endoscope, once every other day, three times for low frequency descending deafness, and five times for other types of deafness. @*Result@#In comparison of total effective rate, there were significant differences among the three treatments in 49 cases of low frequency descending type, 71 cases of flat descending type and 56 cases of total deafness type （P<0.05）. In 66 cases of high frequency descending type, there was no significant difference among the three treatments （P>0.05）. In the comparison of cure rate, the difference of cure rate among the three treatment methods was also significant in low frequency descending type （P<0.05）. In the other three types of deafness, there was no significant difference among the three treatment methods （P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in the effective rate between men and women （P>0.05） in all patients treated by tympanic injection. There was significant difference in the effective rate of tympanic injection within 7 days of onset and 7 days after onset （P<0.05）. @*Conclusion@#Intratympanic injection of dexamethasone is safe, effective, and easy to use as an initial treatment for low frequency descent, flat, and full deafness, and the sooner the better.

Effect of tympanic dexamethasone injection in the treatment of different types of sudden deafness / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

The aim of this study is to explore the best administration, timing and efficacy of dexamethasone and Mison in the treatment of different types of sudden deafness. 242 cases of sudden deafness first diagnosed in our department were selected. According to the guidelines（2015）, the patients were divided into low frequency descending type （49 cases）, high frequency descending type （66 cases）, flat descending type （71 cases） and total deafness （56 cases）. Different types of patients were randomly divided into tympanic injection group and systemic administration group on the basis of routine treatment. Tympanic injection group was further divided into initial injection group and delayed injection group. Tympanic injection was performed under ear endoscope, once every other day, three times for low frequency descending deafness, and five times for other types of deafness. In comparison of total effective rate, there were significant differences among the three treatments in 49 cases of low frequency descending type, 71 cases of flat descending type and 56 cases of total deafness type （0.05）. In the comparison of cure rate, the difference of cure rate among the three treatment methods was also significant in low frequency descending type （0.05）. There was no significant difference in the effective rate between men and women （>0.05） in all patients treated by tympanic injection. There was significant difference in the effective rate of tympanic injection within 7 days of onset and 7 days after onset （<0.05）. Intratympanic injection of dexamethasone is safe, effective, and easy to use as an initial treatment for low frequency descent, flat, and full deafness, and the sooner the better.

Pay more attention to drug-induced ocular toxicity / 中华实验眼科杂志

Medication safety is one of the primary considerations in drug therapy.With the increase of drug categories and the diversification of drug delivery routes,more and more attention has been paid to ocular adverse events caused by topical and systemic administration.Topical administration can directly induce toxicity to eye tissues.After systemic administration,especially long-term administration,the drugs may permeate blood-ocular barrier and cause toxic effects on anterior segment and posterior segment of the eye.In this article,we reviewed the reports and studies of the most commonly recognized drug-induced ocular disorders caused by different topical and systemic administration.Ophthalmologists should pay more attention to the ocular toxicity induced by both topical and systemic administration,improve the capability to distinguish drug-induced symptoms and disease itself,which helps to accurately distinguish and effetely prevent drug-induced ocular toxicity.

Pay more attention to drug-induced ocular toxicity / 中华实验眼科杂志

Medication safety is one of the primary considerations in drug therapy. With the increase of drug categories and the diversification of drug delivery routes, more and more attention has been paid to ocular adverse events caused by topical and systemic administration. Topical administration can directly induce toxicity to eye tissues. After systemic administration,especially long.term administration,the drugs may permeate blood.ocular barrier and cause toxic effects on anterior segment and posterior segment of the eye. In this article,we reviewed the reports and studies of the most commonly recognized drug.induced ocular disorders caused by different topical and systemic administration. Ophthalmologists should pay more attention to the ocular toxicity induced by both topical and systemic administration, improve the capability to distinguish drug.induced symptoms and disease itself, which helps to accurately distinguish and effetely prevent drug.induced ocular toxicity.

Systemic injection of recombinant human erythropoietin after focal cerebral ischemia enhances oligodendroglial and endothelial progenitor cells in rat brain / 대한해부학회지

Erythropoietin (EPO) has been demonstrated the ability of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-Hu-EPO), when administered intracerebro-ventricularly, to improve stroke outcome through the reduction of stroke damage. In a brain ischemic model, however, systemic administration of r-Hu-EPO has not been intensely investigated given that in general, large glycosylated molecules have been deemed incapable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. In this study, administration of r-Hu-EPO for 4 days, intraperitoneally after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) increased the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the penumbra (10.1+/-1.4, n=5, P<0.05) and in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle (LV) (25+/-2.7, n=5, P<0.05) as compared with those of I-R (penumbra: 2.5+/-0.7; SVZ of LV: 3.8+/-1.5). A significant increase of BrdU-positive cells in these areas was coincident with a strong immunoreactivity of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell marker (2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase). Furthermore, r-Hu-EPO administration increased the number of BrdU-positive cells in the choroid plexus (7.8+/-2.3, n=5, P<0.05) and in cerebral blood vessels (3.5+/-1.3, n=5, P<0.05) when compared with those of I-R (choroid plexus: 1.2+/-0.5; cerebral blood vessels: 0.6+/-0.1). These results suggest that, even when systemically administered, r-Hu-EPO may have therapeutic potential for stroke via the proliferation of oligodendroglial and endothelial progenitor cells.

Surgical Aspiration of Orbital Abscess in a 4-month-old Neonate: 1 Case Report

Orbital abscess is an inflammatory disease of the orbit which usually aries in children or adults. However, it also arises in infants and an appropriate treatment is needed because it often accompanies more severe symptoms, complications, and permanent sequales. Systemic administration of antibiotics and surgical therapy can be enployed as means of treatment. When one uses surgical therapy in addition to using systemic antibiotics, one can obtain good results with rapid improvement of symptoms and prevention of complications. Surgical aspiration and antibiotic treatment showed good results in an infant who was admitted due to proptosis, chemosis, eyelid edema, and drythema.

Surgical Aspiration of Orbital Abscess in a 4-month-old Neonate: 1 Case Report

Orbital abscess is an inflammatory disease of the orbit which usually aries in children or adults. However, it also arises in infants and an appropriate treatment is needed because it often accompanies more severe symptoms, complications, and permanent sequales. Systemic administration of antibiotics and surgical therapy can be enployed as means of treatment. When one uses surgical therapy in addition to using systemic antibiotics, one can obtain good results with rapid improvement of symptoms and prevention of complications. Surgical aspiration and antibiotic treatment showed good results in an infant who was admitted due to proptosis, chemosis, eyelid edema, and drythema.