Research progress about traditional Chinese medicine in the intervention of gastric cancer by regulating Th17/Treg balance / 中国药房

Gastric cancer （GC） is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract. T helper cells 17 （Th17） and T regulatory cells （Treg） are differentiated subsets of CD4+T cells. Th17/Treg imbalance has been shown to be closely related to the progression of GC. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can not only improve the survival prognosis of GC patients， but also play a role in enhancing the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of postoperative chemotherapy for GC. This paper systematically sorted out the action rules of TCM in the intervention of GC by regulating Th17/Treg balance. The results showed that the TCM compound could regulate the balance of GC Th17/Treg by invigorating the spleen and invigorating Qi， warming Yang， removing blood stasis and detoxifying. The mechanism of regulating Th17/Treg balance in the intervention of GC is mainly to inhibit the excessive differentiation of Th17 and Treg and the overexpression of transcription factors and cytokines， reverse the excessive drift of GC Th17/Treg balance to Th17 or Treg， and thus restore the immune balance of GC Th17/Treg.

Influence of matrine on Th17/Treg balance in rats with inflammatory bowel disease by regulating IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the influence of matrine (MT) on the balance of T helper cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) in rats with inflammatory bowel disease by regulating interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. 【Methods】 SD rats were grouped into control check group (CK group), model group, low-dose MT group (MT-L group, 50 mg/kg), medium-dose MT group (MT-M group, 100 mg/kg), high-dose MT group (MT-H group, 200 mg/kg), mesalazine group (MSLM group, 0.42 g/kg), and MT-H+rIL-6 (IL-6 activator) group (200 mg/kg+0.05 mg/kg) according to the random number table method, with 18 in each group. Except for the CK group, the rats in other groups all received with 5% trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (20 mg/kg) buffer solution mixed with 50% ethanol at a ratio of 1∶1 and then enema to construct a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease. After the successful modeling, they were treated with drug administration once a day for 7 weeks. The body weight of rats was measured at 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks of administration; the changes of colon length of rats in each group were compared; HE staining was used to detect the pathological damage of rat colon tissue; the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-10 in serum of rats were detected by ELISA; the proportions of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood of rats were detected by flow cytometry; Western blottingt was performed to detect the protein expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt), forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3), IL-6, p-STAT3, and p-NF-κB p65 in rat colon tissue. 【Results】 Compared with the CK group, the colon tissue of the model group was severely damaged by pathology, and the body weight (at 3, 5, and 7 weeks), the level of IL-10, the proportion of Treg cell, and the expression of Foxp3 protein were decreased, the colon length shortened, the levels of TNF-α, IL-17, the proportions of Th17 cell, Th17/Treg ratio, and the protein expression of RORγt, IL-6, p-STAT3, and p-NF-κB p65 increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the corresponding indicators of the MT-L group, MT-M group, MT-H group, and MSLM group had the opposite trends (P<0.05); rIL-6 attenuated the promoting effect of high-dose MT on Th17/Treg balance in inflammatory bowel disease rats. 【Conclusion】 MT may promote Th17/Treg balance in inflammatory bowel disease rats by inhibiting IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Effect of crosstalk between Th17 and Th9 cells on the activation of dermal vascular smooth muscle cells in systemic scleroderma and regulation of tanshinone IIA

Abstract Background: To evaluate the effect of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and Th9 cells on the activation of dermal vascular smooth muscle cells (DVSMCs) in systemic scleroderma (SSc) and regulation of tanshinone IIA. Methods: The expression of interleukin 17 receptor (IL-17R) and interleukin 9 receptor (IL-9R) in the skin of SSc patients was assessed by immunofluorescence. The expression of IL-9 and IL-9R mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SSc patients were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The proportion of Th9 cells in PBMCs of SSc patients was sorted by flow cytometry. The effect of IL-9 on the differentiation of Th17 and IL-17 on that of Th9 was detected by flow cytometry. The proportion of Th9 and Th17 cells in SSc patients was detected by flow cytometry. The level of collagen I, III, α-SMA, IL-9R, IL-17R, JNK, P38, and ERK were analyzed using western blot (WB). Results: Th9 cells were highly expressed in SSc. IL-9 stimulated the differentiation of immature T cells into Th17 cells. IL-17 induced the differentiation of immature T cells intoTh9 cells. Tanshinone IIA inhibited the differentiation of immature T lymphocytes into Th17 and Th9. WB showed that the combined action of IL-17 and IL-9 upregulated the inflammation and proliferation of DVSMCs. Anti-IL17, anti-IL9, and tanshinone IIA inhibited the functional activation of DVSMCs. Study limitations: For Th17, Th9 and vascular smooth muscle cells, the study on the signal pathway of their interaction is not thorough enough. More detailed studies are needed to explore the mechanism of cell-cell interaction. Conclusions: The current results suggested that Th17 and Th9 cells induced the activation of DVSMCs in SSc through crosstalk in vitro, and tanshinone IIA inhibited the process.

Research advance in Hashimoto thyroiditis mediated by T helper cell 17 / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Hashimoto thyroiditis(HT) is a classic autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), characterized by diffuse lymphocytic infiltration, destruction of thyroid structure, and positive autoantibodies. The pathogenesis of HT is complex and related to genetic susceptibility, immune system disorders, and environmental factors. The imbalance of T helper cell 1 (Th1)/ T helper cell 2 (Th2) is traditionally believed to be the main mechanism of HT. However, recent studies have shown that T helper cell 17 (Th17) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of HT through non-coding RNA regulation, autophagy-related pathway regulation, the balance with regulatory T cell (Treg). These mechanisms can enhance the release of inflammatory factors and aggravate HT by stimulating the differentiation of Th17, the inflammatory environment of HT also further stimulates the differentiation of Th17 and amplifies the inflammatory response. The regulatory mechanisms of Th17 are complex and have not yet been fully studied. Therefore, this article reviews the related mechanism of Th17 in HT to provide insights for novel therapeutic targets.

The functions of Th17/Treg cells and relevant studies on the treatment of periodontitis and atherosclerosis / 口腔疾病防治

@#Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease in which periodontal tissue loss is caused by dental plaque biofilm. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the walls of arteries and is characterized by lipid accumulation. Recently, many studies have suggested that there is a certain relationship between periodontitis and atherosclerosis. From an epidemiological perspective, a previous literature review indicated that patients with periodontitis have a higher incidence of atherosclerosis. IL-17 secreted by Th17 cells may aggravate the progression of the two diseases by elevating the levels of matrix metalloproteinases, which may damage the connective tissue. Treg cells reduce the activation of T cells and limit the development of inflammation by secreting anti-inflammatory factors and expressing coinhibitory molecules. Periodontal intervention may contribute to the treatment of atherosclerosis by reducing inflammatory markers in atherosclerosis. Many studies have shown that periodontitis and atherosclerosis may interact with each other, but further studies are needed to explore the concrete mechanism of the interaction between periodontitis and atherosclerosis.

Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on mandibular bone regeneration and the expression of T helper cell 17/regulat-ory T cell-related factors in mice / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To observe the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on mandibular bone regeneration and the expression of factors related to T helper cell 17 (Th17 cell) and regulatory T cell (Treg cell) in mice.@*METHODS@#Thirty-six 6-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into normal control (NC) and T2DM groups. Fasting blood glucose levels were detected 0 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d after surgery for mandibular defects. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used in observing the bone after 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d of the healing process. Immunohistochemical staining was used in observing the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3), retinoic acid related orphan receptor gamma T (RORγt), and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) after 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d of healing.@*RESULTS@#HE staining showed that the area with new bones in the T2DM group was significantly smaller than that in the NC group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of osteogenesis related proteins ALP and RUNX2 were significantly reduced in the T2DM group. In addition, the number of RORγt positive cells increased, whereas the number of Foxp3 positive cells and the expression PTPN2 decreased significantly in the mandibular bone defect in mice with T2DM.@*CONCLUSIONS@#T2DM significantly inhibit mandibular bone regeneration in mice. Decline in PTPN2 expression and the transition of Treg and Th17 may be the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Effect of different orthodontic forces on the expression of T helper cell 17 cell-related cytokines in the pressure side of periodontal tissue in rats / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to explore the changes in the expression of the characteristic transcription factor retinoid related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and the cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) of T helper cell 17 (Th17) in the pressure side of the periodontal tissue of rats under different orthodontic forces. Their effects on the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the quantity of osteoclast (OC) were also explored. The role of Th17 cell in alveolar bone remodeling under different forces was preliminarily investigated.@*METHODS@#A total of 108 rats were chosen and randomly divided into three groups. Mesial forces of 0, 50, and 100 g were loaded on the maxillary first molar in the three groups. The rats were executed at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days. The expression of RORγt mRNA was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of IL-17 protein was quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of RORγt and OPG proteins were quantified, and the quantity of OC was counted via immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#The expression levels of RORγt and IL-17 and the quantity of OC increased first and then decreased in the 50 and 100 g groups, and the peak values of the two groups were on days 5 and 7, respectively. The expression levels in the 50 g group basically recovered to normal level on day 14, while that in the 100 g group remained at a high level. The expression levels in the 50 g group were higher than those in the 0 g group and lower than those in the 100 g group. The expression of OPG in the 50 g group decreased first, then increased, and finally decreased. It basically recovered to normal level on day 14. The expression of OPG in the 100 g group decreased first and then increased. It remained at a high level on day 14. The expression in the 50 g group was significantly higher than that in the 0 g group on day 7, while the expression in the 100 g group was significantly higher than that in the 0 g group on day 14.@*CONCLUSIONS@#RORγt, IL-17, and OPG were expressed regularly over time under different orthodontic forces, indicating that Th17 participated in the process of bone resorption on the pressure side of periodontal tissue by secreting IL-17.

The relationship between Candida albicans infection and oral cancer / 口腔疾病防治

@#Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers that occur in the head and neck and can seriously affect the life span and living standard of oral cancer patients. Candida albicans （C. albicans） is the most common opportunistic pathogenic fungus in the oral cavity, shows pathogenicity and easily causes Candida infection when the host′s immune function is low. Recent studies have shown that C. albicans infection is closely related to oral cancer. This paper reviews the epidemiology of C. albicans infection in oral cancer patients, the influence of C. albicans infection on the occurrence and development of oral cancer and research on its mechanism. Existing studies have shown an increased risk of C. albicans infection in oral cancer patients, while C. albicans infection may promote the occurrence and development of oral cancer through mechanisms such as damaging the oral epithelium; producing carcinogens, including nitrosamine and acetaldehyde; and inducing a chronic inflammatory response and T helper cell 17 immune response. However, these mechanisms are still relatively superficial and lack sufficient direct evidence. In the future, additional in-depth studies are still needed to further clarify the cancer-promoting mechanisms of C. albicans and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer.

Changes and their significance of vitamin D, T helper cell 17 and regulatory T cells and associated cytokines in adolescents with multiple sclerosis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the function of the expression rate of vitamin D, T helper cell 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the pathogenesis of adolescents with multiple sclerosis (MS).Methods:Thirty-eight adolescent patients diagnosed with MS in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from January 2010 to December 2020 were selected as the MS group, and 38 healthy adolescents matched with age and body mass index were selected as healthy control group.The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 [25-(OH)D 3] was measured by liquid chromatograph; the expression rates of Th17 and Tregs were measured by flow cytometry; the serum levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 were measured by immunofluorescence.SPSS 22.0 statistical software was adopted to analyze the differences between the above indicators and their correlation in the MS group and the healthy control group. Results:There was no difference in the level of 25-(OH)D 3 in peripheral blood between the MS group and the healthy control group( P>0.05). As for the MS group, the expression rate of Th17 was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group [(3.02±0.20)% vs.(1.99±0.16)%, t=12.03, P<0.05]; the expression rate of Tregs in peripheral blood was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group [(4.63±0.77)% vs.(5.10±0.90)%, t=14.65, P<0.05]; the ratio of Th17 to Tregs was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (0.25±0.07 vs.0.17±0.05, t=16.89, P<0.05); the levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 in peripheral blood were higher than those in the healthy control group [(26.13±5.98) ng/L vs.(24.45±3.01) ng/L; (122.26±37.71) ng/L vs.(87.95±17.66) ng/L, t=1.986, 47.650, all P<0.05]. In the MS group, 25-(OH)D 3 in peripheral blood was not correlated with other test indicators; the levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 were higher in patients with relapsing or progressive disease than in patients with stable disease in remission [(17.49±3.94) ng/L vs.(14.45±3.81) ng/L; (90.42±23.06) ng/L vs.(77.55± 20.56) ng/L, t=1.990, 2.472, all P<0.05]; the expression rate of Th17 cells was positively correlated with the level of TNF-α and MCP-1 in peripheral blood ( r=0.478, 0.442, all P<0.05); the expression rate of Tregs was negatively correlated with the level of TNF-α and MCP-1 in peripheral blood ( r=-0.318, -0.356, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Th17 and Tregs may be involved in the immunopathological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of adolescents with MS; changes in associated cytokines may be involved in the regulation of Th17 and Tregs changes and the inflammatory response; Th17 and Tregs and associated cytokine changes may play an important role in the occurrence, progression, and relapse progression of MS as an immunopathological mechanism.

Polydatin Ameliorated Colonic Inflammation via Precluding Phosphorylation of PKCθ/STAT3 Pathway to Inhibit Th17 Cells in Mice with Ulcerative Colitis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of polydatin on ulcerative colitis （UC） in mice and its regulation of protein kinase C<italic>θ</italic>（PKC<italic>θ</italic>）/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（STAT3） signaling on T helper cell 17（Th17） and its mechanism in the treatment of UC. Method:The 32 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group， model group， polydatin group （0.045 g·kg^-1） and sulfasalazine group （0.5 g·kg^-1）. The UC model was established by giving 3% dextran sodium sulfate （DSS） solution to free drinking water in mice. Polydatin and sulfasalazine groups were given by gavage 0.5 h before modeling for 7 days. The normal group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline. After the last administration， the colonic tissue was taken and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） was used to observe the pathological changes of colonic tissue. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th17 in the lamina propria of colonic mucosa. The expression of interleukin-17A （IL-17A） in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Polydatin was added to CD4⁺T cells purified from spleen of C57BL/6 mice by magnetic-activated cell sorting （MACS） under the stimulation of cell stimulation cocktail <italic>in vitro </italic>in order to detect its impact on PKC<italic>θ</italic> and STAT3 phosphorylation. Result:Compared with normal group， the body weight was significantly decreased， and disease activity index （DAI） scores of the model group was significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the colonic mucosal epithelium was damaged and inflammatory cells infiltration in the mucosa and submucosa was obvious， the proportion of Th17 in the lamina propria of colonic mucosa was significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the content of serum IL-17A was significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the weight and DAI score of polydatin and sulfasalazine groups were significantly improved （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the degree of colon tissue damage was significantly improved， the proportion of Th17 in colon mucosa lamina propria was significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the content of IL-17A in serum was significantly decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. <italic>In vitro</italic> experiments showed that polydatin could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of PKC<italic>θ</italic> and STAT3 in Th17 （<italic>P</italic><0.01） as well as IL-17A secretion. Conclusion:Polydatin can improve the ulcerative colitis in mice via inhibiting the phosphorylation of PKC<italic>θ</italic> and STAT3 to preclude IL-17A secreting in Th17.

Therapeutic Effect of SPK1 Gene Transfected Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice and Its Effect on T Helper Cell 17/Regulatory T Cells Balance / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of SPK1 gene transfected adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells(ADMSC)on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice and the effect on T helper cell 17(Th17)/regulatory T(Treg) cells balance. Methods EAE was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 in mice.Totally 44 mice were randomly divided into four groups:normal control group(NC group),model group(EAE group),ADMSC group,and ADMSC-SPK1 group.Forty days after injection,the pathological changes of brain and spinal cord,Th17/Treg-related inflammatory markers in brain tissue,expressions of interleukin-17A(IL-17A)and forkhead box protein p3(Foxp3)in brain and spinal cord tissue,and flow cytometric results of spleen immune cells were detected. Results Forty days after the injection,serious inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination occurred in the brain and spinal cord of EAE group,whereas demyelination and axonal injury were improved in ADMSC group and ADMSC-SPK1 group.Compared with EAE group,the ADMSC group and ADMSC-SPK1 group had significantly improved levels of IL-17A(

Role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in different concentrations on regulatory T cell / T-helper cell 17 balance in rats / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To explore the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in different concentrations on the balance of regulatory T cell / T-helper cell 17 (Treg / Th17). Methods BMSCs were isolated from SPF grade male Wistar rats with age of 3 weeks old and weight of 50 g. BMSCs were cultured and identified when they were expanded to the 4th generation. CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated from SPF grade male Wistar rat with age of 6 weeks old and weight of 200 g and assayed for cell purity by flow cytometry. BMSCs were divided into 0.5-fold concentration group, basal concentration group, 2-fold concentration group and 4-fold concentration group by their concentrations of 1×105/well, 2×105/well, 4×105/well and 8×105/well, which were cultured with CD4+ T lymphocytes for 72 hours, respectively. Then the proportion of Treg cells and Th17 cells in each group was detected by flow cytometry, and cytokines were detected by cytometric bead array. Results The purities of BMSCs and CD4+ T lymphocytes were both higher than 95%. In the co-culture of BMSCs and CD4+ T lymphocytes, the proportions of Treg cells were statistically different among different concentration groups of BMSCs (F = 10.071, P = 0.001), in which BMSCs in 2-fold concentration group had the strongest ability to promote the Treg cells proliferation. The proportion of Treg cells in 2-fold concentration group was significantly higher than that in 0.5-fold concentration group, basal concentration group and 4-fold concentration group [(9.24±2.68)% vs. (3.87±0.38)%, (5.16±1.69)%, (3.86±0.36)%, all P < 0.01]. The level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was lowest in 0.5-fold concentration group, and it was significantly lower than that in basal concentration group, 2-fold concentration group and 4-fold concentration group (ng/L: 39.80±14.48 vs. 148.43±64.49, 156.40±59.27, 126.92±42.95, all P < 0.05). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was the highest in basal concentration group, and it was significantly higher than that in 0.5-fold concentration group, 2-fold concentration group and 4-fold concentration group [ng/L: 3.17 (1.88, 5.74) vs. 0.71 (0.32, 1.38), 1.22 (0.47, 2.97), 0.52 (0.37, 1.23), all P < 0.05]. The proportions of Th17 cells were statistically different among the different concentration groups (F = 21.069, P = 0.000), with the highest proportion in basal concentration group which was significantly higher than that in 0.5-fold concentration group or 4-fold concentration group [(0.89±0.08)% vs. (0.64±0.15)%, (0.37±0.10)%, both P < 0.01], but no significant difference was found as compared with 2-fold concentration group [(0.83±0.06)%, P > 0.05]. However, the expressions of IL-17 and IL-6 were not different among the different concentration groups respectively (IL-17: χ2 = 0.550, P = 0.760;IL-6: χ2 = 0.010, P = 0.995). Conclusions BMSCs in moderate concentrations [(2-4)×105/well] could promote proliferation both in Treg cells and Th17 cells, but no change could be found in higher concentrations of BMSCs (8×105/well). However, the changes in related cytokines were not synchronized with Treg / Th17 cells.

Research progress on the relationship between T helper cell 17, interleukin-17 and lung cancer / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#A new independent subtype CD4+ T cell which massively secreted interleukin-17 (IL-17) was found at the beginning of the 21st century, and thus it was named as T helper cell 17 (Th17 cell). With the progress of the research in recent years, Th17 cells were found to be widely involved in a variety of the human diseases such as autoimmune diseases, infections and tumors through secretion of IL-17. The relationship between Th17 cells, IL-17 and the occurrence, development and prognosis of lung cancer was reviewed.

Expression of T helper cell 17-related immune factors in women of child bearing age with human papillomavirus subclinical cervical infection / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate the change of immune microenviroment in the lower genital tract of women who had early papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Methods • One hundred and twenty women infected with high-risk HPV were enrolled in the study, who were at the age of 25-46, with no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN - III ) or cervical carcinoma. Twenty HPV-negative women were used as control, who did not have abnormal cervical squamous epithelial lesions screened by ThinPrep cytologic test. Vagina douche was collected, and the expression of T helper cell 17 (Th17)-related cytokines and interleukin 10 (IL-10)/IL-4 was tested by suspension micro phase protein chip technology. Results • The expression of IL-17, IL-6, TGF-β and IL-4 in HPV-positive patients was significantly higher than that in HPV-negative patients. The expression of IL-4 and IL-10 in HPV16/18-positive patients was significantly lower than that in patients infected with other HPV types. The expression of IL-17, IL-6 and TGF-β in patients with persistent HPV infection was insignificantly higher than that in patients with temporary HPV infection, while the expression of IL-17, IL-6 and TGF-β in patients with persistent HPV infection was significantly higher than that in HPV-negative patients. Conclusion • HPV infection can stimulate the body's immune response and change the local immune microenvironment in early stage. Th17 related cytokines are closely related to the persistent HPV infection. Maybe it can provide a new direction on the guidance of HPV treatment and prevention of persistent HPV infection.

Correlations between the T helper cell 17/regulatory T cells balance in peripheral blood of patients with oral lichen planus and clinical characteristics / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to investigate the ratio of T helper cell 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood of oral lichen planus (OLP) and explore the pathogenesis of its possible role and significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The peripheral blood samples were obtained from 33 patients with OLP (15 cases of reticular OLP and 18 cases of erosive OLP) and 17 healthy controls. The percentages of Th17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique was used to detect the expression levels of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) and forkhead box 3 (Foxp3).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportions of Th17, Treg cells, and their transcription factors (RORγt and Foxp3) in OLP were higher than those in the control groups (P<0.05). By contrast, in Treg cells and Foxp3, no significance was observed between erosive OLP and reticular OLP. Th17/Treg ratio increased in OLP. This ratio was significantly increased in erosive OLP compared with those in the control groups and reticular OLP (P<0.01). Nevertheless, no significance was noted between reticular OLP and control groups. Statistical analysis demonstrated positive correlations among Th17 cells, Th17/Treg, and clinical characteristics (r=0.66, P=0.00; r=0.66, P=0.00; r=0.52, P=0.00; r=0.50, P=0.00). Positive correlations also existed between Th17 and Treg cells (r=0.39, P=0.03).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Th17 cells, Treg cells, and their ratios all increased in the peripheral blood of OLP. Moreover, the imbalance inTh17/Treg may play a role in the pathogenesis of erosive OLP.</p>

Clinical study of peripheral blood helper T cell 17/regulatory T cell balance and levels of related immune cytokines in children with enterovirus encephalitis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To study the peripheral blood helper T cell 17 (Th17)/ regulatory T cell (Treg) balance and levels of related immune cytokines in children with enterovirus encephalitis. Methods One hundred and two children with enterovirus encephalitis from January 2014 to January 2017 were selected as enterovirus encephalitis group, and 100 healthy children who received physical examination during the same period were selected as healthy control group. The peripheral blood expressions of Th17 and Treg were detected by flow cytometry, and the Th17/Treg was calculated. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-23, IL-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The peripheral blood expression of Th17 and Th17/Treg in enterovirus encephalitis group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group (0.032 ± 0.006 vs. 0.024 ± 0.004 and 3.04 ± 0.61 vs. 1.99 ± 0.37), the peripheral blood expression of Treg was significantly lower than that in healthy control group (0.011 ± 0.002 vs. 0.013 ± 0.002), and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). The serum levels of IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 in enterovirus encephalitis group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group, the serum levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly lower than those in healthy control group, and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). Conclusions The peripheral blood expression of Th17 is high, and the peripheral blood expression of Treg is low in children with enterovirus encephalitis. There is imbalance of Th17/Treg. The IL-17, IL-23, IL-4, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β and other Th17 and Treg related immune cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of enterovirus encephalitis.

Changes of chemokine receptors expression in the conjunctival epithelial cells and Th-17 cell number in tears of diabetic dry eye disease / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective To explore the expression of chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) and T helper cell 17 (Th-17) in the epithelial cells and tears in diabetic patients with dry eye disease.Methods Prespective study was performed.Ninety-one type 2 diabetic patients with dry eye disease and 102 normal subjects were involved from January to July in 2017 in Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University.Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)questionnaire survey score,Break-up time of tear film (BUT),Schirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t) and fluorescein corneal stainning (FLS) were performed on both groups.The conjunctival epithelial cells of both groups were obtained by impression cytology.The expression of the chemokine receptors (CCR) 4,CCR5 and CCR6 in conjunctival epithelial cells and the number of Th-17 cells in tears were detected by flow cytometry.This study was approved by the ethics committee of Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University (2014053),and all the patients signed informed consent.Results The OSDI questionnaire scores,BUT,S Ⅰ t and FLS were significantly different between diabetic dry eye group and normal control group (all at P＜0.05).The ratio of CCR4+ CD4+ T cells,CCR5+ CD4+ T cells and CCR6+CD4 +Tcells was (1.1±0.9)％,(2.1±1.7)％ and (5.2±2.4)％ in the normal control group,(1.2±0.8)％,(9.5±5.3)％ and (19.2±5.7)％ in the diabetic dry eye group,respectively.The ratios of CCR5+CD4+ T cells and CCR6+CD4+ T cells in the diabetic dry eye group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (both at P＜0.05).The proportion of Th-17 cell in tears of diabetic dry eye group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P＜0.001).Conclusions CCR5,CCR6 and Th-17 cells may play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic patients with dry eye.

Berberine regulates gut microbiota and Th17/Treg balance in sleep deprived rats / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effect of berberine on gut microbiota and T helper cell 17 (Th17), regulatory T cell (Treg) cell in sleep deprived rats.Methods SD rats were randomized into control group, model group, low-dose and high-dose group (BBR1 and BBR2, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, administrated orally).Sleep deprived rat model was established by the small-platforms-over-water method.The number of bacteria in rectum content of rat was detected.The ratio of Th17/Treg was evaluated by flow cytometry.The expression of interleukin 17 (IL-17), RAR-related orphan receptor (ROR) C, and Forkhead Box Protein P3 (Foxp3) mRNA was evaluated.Results The counting of Clostridium perfringens was elevated (P<0.05), the amount of other microbiota decreased (P<0.05), Th17/Treg ratio(P<0.05), IL-17 and RORC expression enhanced (P<0.05), Foxp3 expression decreased (P<0.05) in the gut of model rats.In contrast, treatment with berberine inhibited the proliferation of Clostridium perfringens(P<0.05), and promoted the growth of other microbiota (P<0.05), and dampened Th17/Treg ratio (P<0.05), regressed IL-17 and RORC expression, augmented Foxp3 expression.Conclusions Various doses of berberine can counteract gut microbiota imbalance and Th17/Treg imbalance induced by sleep deprivation.

Progress of T helper cell 17,regulatory T cell,podocyte injury and primary glomerular disease / 国际儿科学杂志

In recent years,T helper cell 17(Th17),regulatory T cell(Treg) and podocyte injury attrac-ted widespread attention in the pathogenesis of primary glomerular disease. Th17 cells have the function of re-cruiting neutrophils and macrophages to the infected tissue through the secretion of cytokines such as IL-17. Treg cells have immune function, mediated immune tolerance, protecting the body against inflammatory injury. The imbalance of Th17 cells increase and Treg cells decrease could play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of primary glomerular disease. As the important part of the glomerular filtration barrier,podocyte be-comes the focus in recent years. Study on relationship among Th17,Treg,podocyte injury and primary glomeru-lar disease will provide more theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of primary glomerular disease.

Changes in number and function of peripheral blood Th 17 cells in acute urticaria patients / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the changes in number and function of peripheral blood T helper cell 17(Th17) in acute urticaria patients .Methods The percentages of Th17 in peripheral blood from 50 acute urticaria patients and 50 healthy persons were ana‐lyzed by immunofluorescence staining and bicolor flow cytometry (FCM ) in vitro .Retinoic acid‐related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt) mRNA from the same research objects were detected by quantitative realtime PCR (qPCR) method .Peripheral blood transforming growth factor‐β(TGF‐β) ,interleukin(IL)‐6 ,IL‐17A and IL‐17F were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from the same research objects .Results The quantity of percentages of Th17(t= 36 .634 1 ,P< 0 .05) and levels of RORγt mRNA(t=23 .840 1 ,P<0 .05) in urticaria patients were higher than those in healthy persons obviously .Meanwhile ,the levels of TGF‐β(t=15 .521 1 ,P<0 .05) ,IL‐6(t=7 .247 3 ,P<0 .05) ,IL‐17A(t=15 .415 3 ,P<0 .05) and IL‐17F(t=13 .032 1 , P<0 .05) in urticaria patients were higher than those in healthy persons significantly .Conclusion Dysfunction of Th17 in periph‐eral blood may involve in the immunopathogenesis of acute urticaria .