ABSTRACT
@#Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is currently the gold standard by which bone mineral density (BMD) is measured. It can be used for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of osteoporosis. Currently, a DXA T-score of ≤ -2.5, or BMD less than or equal to 2.5 standard deviations (SDs) below that of the young-adult mean, is used to diagnose osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men age 50 years and older. A T-score <-1.0 but >-2.5 signifies Osteopenia or low bone mass, whereas a T-score ≥ -1.0 indicates normal bone density. The relative risk of fracture can be calculated as approximately 2 T-score. When a patient has been treated, the change in BMD can be used to show whether there has been a significant improvement or not. Finally, the Z-score, or number of standard deviations of BMD compared to that of an adult of the same age and sex, if less than -2, can give a clue that there are secondary causes to the bone loss. However, the DXA scan must be done as precisely and accurately as possible, and there may be artefacts that interfere with accurate interpretation.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: An understanding of bone mineral density (BMD) pattern in a population is crucial for prevention and diagnosis of osteoporosis and management of its complications in later life. This study aimed to screen the bone health status and factors associated with osteoporosis in an apparently healthy Indian population. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was done in a tertiary-care hospital for the subjects who had undergone preventive health-check-ups that included BMD measurements at femur-neck, total-femur, and lumbar-spine. RESULTS: We evaluated 524 subjects (age, 50.0 ± 12.4 years) including 41.2% female and 58.8% male subjects. Osteoporosis was present in 6.9% subjects (female, 11.1%; male, 4.2%) and osteopenia in 34% subjects (female, 40.3%; male, 29.9%). Absolute BMD was higher in male subjects (P 0.05) at any site. CONCLUSIONS: Further data on absolute BMD, T scores, and prevalence rates of osteoporosis/osteopenia on multiple bone sites have been presented in this article.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Alkaline Phosphatase , Body Mass Index , Bone Density , Bone Diseases, Metabolic , Calcium , Diagnosis , Medical Records , Motor Activity , Osteoporosis , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , SpineABSTRACT
This short-term study which was carried out in a small group of pre- and postmenopausal women at Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II (HRPZII) aims to compare between Tscores detected by heel Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) and by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and spine. The prevalence of osteoporosis by heel QUS was 63.3% and up to 16.7% by DXA. Insufficient or weak agreement exists between T-score measurements by heel QUS and axial DXA. Significant correlations were found between measurements of T-scores by both methods, with r values from 0.364 to 0.91. Although some correlation was found, significant discrepancy in the frequency of osteoporosis using different methods and sites is substantial.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the systemic osteoporosis on radiographic density of alveolar bone and cortical thickness of mandible MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bone mineral density values of lumbar and femur were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and T scores of lumbar, femur were obtained respectively. Radiographic densities of alveolar bones and panorama mandibular index(PMI, represents as cortical thickness) were analysed statistically according to age and T score variavles. RESULTS: The radiographic density of alveolar bone of maxillary molar showed significant difference by age and femur T group. That of mandibular molar showed significant difference between femur T group. Panorama mandibular index showed significant difference between age groups. CONCLUSON: The radiographic density of alvealar bones was more dependent on age femur T than lumbar T. Cortical thickness of mandible was correlated with increasing age.