ABSTRACT
Aim: This paper aims to establish whether a correlation between TCF7L2 gene mutation on insulin secretion for Type 2 DM Patients. Background: Diabetes type 2 is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. Beta cell dysfunction reduces insulin secretion and increases the glucose level in the blood and insulin resistance that raises the glucose production in the liver and decreases the glucose uptake to muscle, liver, and adipose tissue causing hyperglycemia (T2DM). TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7杔ike 2) works as a nuclear Receptor for CTNNB1(B catenin) that mediated the WNT signaling pathway (a group of signal transduction pathways made of proteins that pass signals from outside a cell through cell surface receptors to the inside of the cell) and any variation will cause the development of T2DM. Methods: GenBank in NCBI database was used to extract the DNA sequence and mRNA sequence of the TCF7L2 gene (an accession number of the gene, number of amino acids, exons, and length of nucleotides). FASTA format was also useful to retrieve the nucleotide sequence and get the function of the protein. BLAST was used to compare the protein product of the TCF7L2gene between humans and gorillas, and pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus). Results: The accession number is NC_000010.11, the number of amino acids in the protein product is 602, the number of exons found is 20 and the gene is in chromosome 10. Finally, many organisms have the same gene as dogs, cows, mice, rats, zebrafish, and frogs. Conclusion: There is a strong association between TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7杔ike 2) alleles (rs7903146) T alleles and T2DM. It was found that there is a high frequency of diabetic type two patients having TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7杔ike 2) alleles (rs7903146) with a high frequency of the T allele
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a common disorder in diabetic patients and may be a risk factor for the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a large dose of parenteral. Vitamin D on 24 hours albuminuria in T2DM patients. Methods: This prospective single-center study included 80 vitamin D deficient [25(OH) D <50 nmol/l] T2DM patients with an adequate glycemic control (HbA1c< 7.0%). Without any changes in anti-hyperglycemic or antihypertensive drugs, these patients were given a single high dose (600000 IU) of parenteral Vitamin D3. Then the changes in Vitamin D levels and 24 hours albuminuria were seen on follow up at 3 months. Results: Vitamin D3 supplementation improved 24 hours albuminuria. In the present study, Twenty-four-hour urinary albumin excretion decreased from 210.4 ± 101.2 to 204.6 ± 104.5. In males, it changed from 221.8 ± 99.7 to 216.1 ± 100.3 and in females, it changed from 192.3 ± 108.5 to 186.7 ± 113.1. There was a negative association of albuminuria with Vit D levels in the present study. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly reduces 24-hour urinary albumin excretion in T2DM patients with Vitamin D3 deficiency.