Perfil epidemiológico dos usuários dos centros de atenção psicossocial no sul do Brasil / Epidemiological profile of users of psychosocial care centers in southern Brazil / Perfil epidemiológico de los usuarios de centros de atención psicosocial en el sur de Brasil

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil epidemiológico dos 5.082 usuários dos Centros de Atenção Psicossociais em um município no Sul do Brasil no período de 2014 a 2020. Metodologia: O estudo foi descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa utilizando dados secundários. A população foi composta por usuários dos três Centros de Atenção Psicossociais. Resultados: Perfil dos usuários do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial II: sexo feminino, faixa etária de 20-59 anos, procedência de outros estados, baixa escolaridade, ocupação em serviços e comércio, diagnóstico predominante foi a depressão, encaminhamento pela atenção básica. Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas: sexo masculino, faixa etária de 20-59 anos, procedência de outros estados, baixa escolaridade, ocupação em serviços e comércio, diagnóstico predominante uso de drogas, encaminhamento demanda espontânea. Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infantil: sexo masculino, faixa etária de 11-18 anos, procedência do próprio município, diagnóstico predominante ansiedade, encaminhamento atenção básica. Nos três Centros a frequência de tratamento ocorreu semanalmente, com o uso de polimedicamentos e o motivo de abandono foi a alta do serviço. Conclusão: Esses resultados servem de linha de base para monitorar a prevalência de transtornos mentais e auxiliar no planejamento de recursos e serviços de saúde mental neste município.

Objective: To trace the epidemiological profile of 5.082 users of Psychosocial Care Centers in a city in southern Brazil from 2014 to 2020. Methodology: The study was descriptive, with a quantitative approach using secondary data. The population consisted of users of the three Psychosocial Care Centers. Results: Profile of users of the Psychosocial Care Center II: female gender, age range 20-59 years, from other states, low education, occupation in services and commerce, predominant diagnosis was depression, referral by primary care. Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs: male, age range 20-59 years, from other states, low education, occupation in services and commerce, predominant diagnosis of drug use, referral spontaneous demand. Child Psychosocial Care Center: male, age range 11-18 years, origin in the municipality itself, predominant diagnosis of anxiety, referral to primary care. In the three Centers, the frequency of treatment was weekly, with the use of polypharmacy and the reason for abandonment was discharge from the service. Conclusion: These results serve as a baseline to monitor the prevalence of mental disorders and assist in the planning of mental health resources and services in this city.

Objetivo: Trazar el perfil epidemiológico de 5.082 usuarios de Centros de Atención Psicosocial en una ciudad del sur de Brasil de 2014 a 2020. Metodología: El estudio fue descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo utilizando datos secundarios. La población estuvo constituida por los usuarios de los tres Centros de Atención Psicosocial. Resultados: Perfil de los usuarios del Centro de Atención Psicosocial II: sexo femenino, rango de edad 20-59 años, de otros estados, baja escolaridad, ocupación en servicios y comercio, diagnóstico predominante fue depresión, derivación por atención primaria. Centro de Atención Psicosocial para Alcohol y Drogas: sexo masculino, rango de edad 20-59 años, oriundo de otros estados, baja escolaridad, ocupación en servicios y comer- cio, diagnóstico predominante consumo de drogas, derivación demanda espontánea. Cen- tro de Atención Psicosocial Infantil: varón, rango de edad 11-18 años, procedencia del propio municipio, diagnóstico predominante de ansiedad, derivación a atención primaria. En los tres Centros, la frecuencia de tratamiento fue semanal, con uso de polifarmacia y el motivo de abandono fue el alta del servicio. Conclusiones: Estos resultados sirven como línea de base para monitorizar la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales y ayudar en la planificación de los recursos y servicios de salud mental en esta ciudad.

Clinical features of 19 patients with SIL-TAL1-positive T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To assess the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with SIL-TAL1-positive T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) . Methods: The clinical data of 19 SIL-TAL1-positive T-ALL patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between January 2014 and February 2022 were retrospectively computed and contrasted with SIL-TAL1-negative T-ALL patients. Results: The median age of the 19 SIL-TAL1-positive T-ALL patients was 15 (7 to 41 years) , including 16 males (84.2%) . SIL-TAL1-positive T-ALL patients had younger age, higher WBC, and hemoglobin compared with SIL-TAL1-negative T-ALL patients. There was no discrepancy in gender distribution, PLT, chromosome abnormality distribution, immunophenotyping, and complete remission (CR) rate. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 60.9% and 74.4%, respectively (HR=2.070, P=0.071) . The 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was 49.2% and 70.6%, respectively (HR=2.275, P=0.040) . The 3-year RFS rate of SIL-TAL1-positive T-ALL patients was considerably lower than SIL-TAL1-negative T-ALL patients. Conclusion: SIL-TAL1-positive T-ALL patients were connected to younger age, higher WBC, higher HGB, and poor outcome.

Reforma constitucional en Colombia Entre la guerra y la defensa / Constitutional Reform in Colombia between War and Defense

Resumen A partir de 1991 se creó una nueva constitución que incluyera a todos los actores políticos además de los que tradicionalmente estaban excluidos en la constitu ción de 1886, con la esperanza de dar final a los conflictos armados, los paros e inconformidades ciudadanas. Las cuales fueron capitalizadas por los estudian tes en la séptima papeleta. Pero pocos años después se inició una cascada de reformas que evidencian una constante disputa por el poder de las elites, grupos emergentes legales e ilegales, y la población que comenzó a sentirse partícipe del poder. Pero ¿cuál es la finalidad de dichos cambios constitucionales? Dicha respuesta se intentará responder primero describiendo los cambios, segundo comparando dichos cambios a la luz de los principios y valores de la Carta y fi nalmente desde una visión crítica comprender a quien benefician, lo anterior se hará bajo una metodología descriptiva-histórica-critica-decolonial.

Abstract In 1991, a new constitution was created to include all political stakeholders in addition to those traditionally excluded in the 1886 constitution, in the hope of putting an end to armed conflicts, strikes and citizen discontent. These citizen demonstrations were capitalized by the students in the seventh ballot, which prompted the convocation of the constituent assembly. After the promulgation of the new constitution of 1991, a cascade of reforms began, which evidenced a constant dispute for power between the elites, emerging legal and illegal groups, and the population that began to feel part of the power. But, what was the purpose of these constitutional changes?

Questionário de Transição para a Vida Adulta dos Alunos com Necessidades Educativas Especiais - Percursos de Formação no Sistema Educativo Português: Construção e Validação / The Transition Into Adult Life Questionnaire of Students With Special Educational Needs - Training Paths in the Portuguese Educational System: Construction and Validation

RESUMO A transição para a vida adulta (TVA) é um tema emergente na investigação e prática educativa, com poucas respostas aos desafios societais decorrentes da relação entre currículo académico e mercado laboral. A avaliação da sua qualidade carece de instrumentos. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste artigo foi descrever a construção do questionário TVA - percursos de formação construído para o efeito e analisar as suas propriedades psicométricas. O questionário foi aplicado, no âmbito nacional, a 616 profissionais em cinco dimensões: TVA; Adequações no Processo de Aprendizagem; Percursos de formação - Cursos de Educação e Formação (CEF); Percursos de formação - Plano Individual de Transição (PIT); e TVA em relação ao Mercado de Trabalho. A fiabilidade pela consistência interna apresenta um alpha de Cronbach total de .94. A análise fatorial exploratória demonstrou a adequabilidade do modelo, explicando 44,02% da variância total. O questionário parece ser um instrumento válido para recolher informação sobre a TVA e das possibilidades dos alunos para uma carreira profissional. A Escola parece não possuir as condições ideais, sendo essencial uma maior articulação com as empresas. A necessidade de mais formação dos recursos especializados exigiu a construção de um modelo organizativo, suportado na articulação e na complementaridade no processo, no papel e nas responsabilidades dos intervenientes.

ABSTRACT The transition into adult life (TAL) is an emerging theme in educational research and practice, with few responses to societal challenges arising from the relationship between academic curriculum and the labor market. The evaluation of its quality lacks instruments. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to describe the construction of the TAL questionnaire - training paths built for the purpose to analyze its psychometric properties. The questionnaire was administered at national level to 616 professionals in five dimensions: TAL; Adequations in the Learning Process; Training Paths - Education and Training Courses (ETC); Training Paths - Individual Transition Plan (ITP); TAL in relation to the Labor Market. Reliability for internal consistency has a total Cronbach's alpha of .94. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated the suitability of the model, explaining 44.02% of the total variance. The questionnaire seems to be a valid tool for collecting information about TAL, and students' career prospects. The school does not seem to have the ideal conditions, and a greater articulation with the companies is essential. The need for more specialized resources training required the construction of an organizational model, supported by the articulation and complementarity in the process, role and responsibilities of the intervening actors.

Submental intubation in pediatric maxillofacial surgery: report of 2 cases / Intubación submentoniana en cirugía maxilofacial pediátrica: reporte de 2 casos

Abstract Submental intubation (SMI) is useful in surgical procedures where nasotracheal intubation is contraindicated and orotracheal intubation is not ideal, making it an alternative to tracheostomy since it is performed in less time, with less morbidity and mortality, minimal postoperatory care, as well as an aesthetically acceptable scar. We present 2 cases of pediatric patients with a successful SMI. In addition, we briefly review current literature regarding pediatric population.

Resumen La intubación submentoniana (ISM) es útil en procedimientos quirúrgicos en donde la intubación nasotraqueal está contra indicada y la intubación orotraqueal no es ideal, siendo así una alternativa a la traqueostomía, ya que se realiza en menor tiempo, con menor morbimortalidad y mínimos cuidados posoperatorios, y con una cicatriz estéticamente aceptable. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes pediátricos en los cuales la ISM fue exitosa y se revisa de forma breve la literatura relacionada en población infantil.

Applicability of respiratory severity score and modified TAL criteria in pediatric age group for grading and management of acute respiratory illness

Background: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) are the leading cause of death in children in the world (11.9 million per year) with the greatest number of deaths occurring in developing countries like India. We compared respiratory severity scoring system RSS (Respiratory Severity Score) with Modified TAL, so that we can find out which of the above scores are better and whether they can be implemented to assess pediatric ARI patients.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in Pediatrics wards, Shri Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College, Yavatmal, Maharashtra and data were collected from 290 children below 12 years of age by purposive sampling. All the children presenting with respiratory symptoms were subjected to these scoring system (RSS AND MODIFIED TAL) at the time of admission and were classified based on the scores obtained in respective scoring system. Data was analysed using frequencies, percentages and contingency tables and comparison was made between the above scoring systems to find which one is better applicable in pediatric ARI patient.Results: Incidence of pediatric patients presenting with only respiratory tract infections who are admitted in ward was 25.15 %, with more incidence being reported in children below 12 months (49.31%), males more affected. For both the ARI scoring systems (RSS and MOD TAL) as the severity increased so is the number of patients requiring oxygen and duration of hospitalization increased significantly (p<0.05), with RSS having stronger association.Conclusions: Both the scoring systems predicted that on admission if the score is more than chances of requirement of oxygen is more and also duration of hospitalization is more, with RSS being better predictor.

Rhizobacterial inoculants: The formulation as biofertilizer and its application on chili plants (Capsicum annum L.)

Aims@#The use of rhizobacteri as biofertilizer may help plants in obtaining nutrients from soil. A consortium inoculant (co-inoculant) consisting of nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria is formulated to maintain its ability as booster of plant growth. This is easy to be stored and applied on plants. The aims of the study were to formulate rhizobacterial co-inoculant and its application on chili plants at greenhouse experiment. @*Methodology and results@#Isolates of Burkholderia cepacia KD 2.10, Serratia marcescens KAHN 15.12, and Bacillus thuringiensis SAHA 12.12 which have the ability in fixing nitrogen and solubilizing phosphate were used in this study. The three isolates did not show antagonistic activity and hypersensitivity reaction on chili plant. Biofertilizer as carrier material with talc-based powder was mixed with three isolates. This 109 CFU/g cell population of rhizobacterial consortium could be maintained up to six months of storage. Based on result of completely randomized design (CRD) using two factorials and four replicates, application of rhizobacterial co-inoculant significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, flowering age, dry weight of upper plant and root, and root length of chili plant. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Rhizobacterial co-inoculant was effective as biofertilizer to improve the growth of chili plants and it reduced the use of chemical fertilizer.

Disposición inadecuada de materiales altamente contaminantes y sus posibles implicaciones para la salud de la población humana en la República de Panamá / Inadequate dispos al of highly pollutant materials and its possible implications for the health of human population in the Republic of Panama

Ex is te un incremento exponencial en la fabricación, utilización y desecho de artículos tecnológicos electrónicos y no electrónicos a nivel mundial, que conlleva un incremento en la presencia de mate­riales contaminantes y peligrosos para el ser humano. Las consecuencias de inadeacuados siste­mas de disposición de sustancias peligrosas presentes en estos dispositivos, su uso cada vez más frecuente de forma doméstica e industrial, junto a una tasa de recambio cada vez más acelerada, se convertirá muy pronto en una amenaza importante para la salud de poblaciones humanas en países subdesarrollados o con gestiones ineficientes para sustancias peligrosas, con consecuen­cias perniciosas para diferentes grupos poblacionales. Se hace necesario un cuidadoso análisis de nuestra situación como sociedad con respecto a esto, junto con la implementación de políticas efi­cientes para disminuir las posibilidades de enfrentar severos problemas de salud pública en las si­guientes décadas o siglos.

There is an exponential increase in manufacture, use and discard of electronic and not electronic devices in the world, implying an increase in the availability of pollutants and hazardous materials for human beings. Consequences of inefficient systems for disposing hazardous materials in these devices , their more frequent use in domestic and industrial settings, as well as an increased repla­cement rate, will bring important health threats to human populations in underdeveloped countries or with inefficient systems for managing hazardous materials, with disastrous consequences for dif­ferent human populations. It is necessary a cautious analysis of our society in this respect, as well as executing efficient policies for decreasing the possibilities of facing severe public health problems in the upcoming decades or centuries.

Paro cardíaco extrahospitalario en Bariloche: incidencia, distribución y contexto. Evaluación de la potencial utilidad de un programa de desfibriladores externos automáticos / Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Bariloche: Incidence, Distribution and Context. Evaluation of the Potential Usefulness of an Automated External Defibrillator Program

RESUMEN Introducción: A los efectos de anticipar la eficacia de la implementación de un programa de desfibriladores automáticos en una comunidad, resulta indispensable determinar la incidencia y la distribución de los paros cardíacos extrahospitalarios potencialmente reanimables en esa comunidad. Objetivos: 1) Determinar la incidencia anual, distribución y contexto del paro cardíaco extrahospitalario en la ciudad de Barilo-che; 2) de acuerdo con los datos obtenidos, evaluar la potencial utilidad de un programa de implementación de desfibriladores automáticos en la ciudad, tanto para espacios públicos como para casos domiciliarios. Material y métodos: En el marco del estudio REGIBAR, se realizó un registro prospectivo de paros cardíacos extrahospitalarios durante un año y se utilizó como fuente el Registro Civil. Además, se analizaron los casos de infarto que fueron internados y se hubieran presentado como paro cardíaco prehospitalario. Para determinar si la muerte había sido de causa cardiovascular y conocer su contexto se realizaron autopsias verbales. Según el lugar del evento, los paros cardíacos extrahospitalarios se dividieron en domiciliarios y en espacios públicos. Se registró la presencia de convivientes y de testigos del evento en los casos de paros cardíacos domiciliarios, así como el antecedente de infarto/insuficiencia cardíaca previos. Resultados: Durante el período estudiado, se registraron 61 paros cardíacos extrahospitalarios (edad 78,3; rango: 47-100). El 40% eran mujeres y el 52% tenía ≥ 80 años. Incidencia: 53/100 000 personas-año. No se encontraron casos de paro cardíaco prehospitalario reanimados que hubieran llegado vivos a un centro de salud. Un 11,5% (7/61) presentaba infarto/insuficiencia cardíaca previos. Hubo 60 paros cardíacos domiciliarios y un caso de paro cardíaco en espacio público. Se dio aviso al servicio de emergencias en el 20% de los casos, y 10% recibió maniobras de reanimación. De los paros cardíacos domiciliarios, el 75% (45/60) tenía convivientes, pero solo en el 12% de las veces (7/60) estos presenciaron el fallecimiento. Conclusiones: La incidencia del paro cardíaco extrahospitalario en Bariloche fue de 53/100 000 personas-año. Solo un caso ocurrió en espacio público. En 1 de cada 5 casos, acudió un servicio de emergencias, y la mitad de estos recibió maniobras de reanimación. No hubo casos que lograran llegar a un centro de salud luego del paro cardíaco extrahospitalario. De las muertes cardiovasculares domiciliarias, solamente 1 de cada 10 fueron presenciadas. a implementación de un programa de desfibriladores externos automáticos no representaría una alternativa recomendable en Bariloche.

ABSTRACT Background: The incidence and distribution of potentially resuscitable out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in a community should be determined before implementing an automated external defibrillator program in order to anticipate its effectiveness. Objectives: The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the annual incidence, distribution and context of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the city of Bariloche; and 2) to evaluate the potential usefulness of an AED program in the city, in public locations or in the patients' homes according to the information obtained. Methods: A retrospective registry of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests was carried out in the setting of the REGIBAR study during one year, using The Civil Registry as source of information. The cases of myocardial infractions hospitalized and presenting as cardiac arrest prior to arrival at hospital were also analyzed. Verbal autopsies were performed to determine if the death was due to cardiovascular disease and to determine its context. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests were classified as those occurring within the patient's home or in public locations. The presence of co-habitants and witnesses of cardiac arrests occurring at home and the history of myocardial infarction/heart failure were recorded. Results: During the study period, 61 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occurred (age: 78.3; range: 47-100), 40% were women and 52% were ≥80 years. Incidence: 53/100, 000 person-years. None of the cases of cardiac arrest prior to arrival at hospital undergoing resuscitation arrived alive at hospital. Prior myocardial infarction/heart failure was present in 11.5% (7/61) of the cases. Sixty cardiac arrests occurred at home and one took place in a public space. The emergency medical service system was contacted in 20% of the cases and 10% of the cases underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Seventy-five percent (45/60) of the subjects who experienced cardiac arrests at home were not living alone, but their co-habitants witnessed the event in only 12% (7/60) of the cases. Conclusions: The incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Bariloche was 53/100,000 person-years. Only one case occurred in a public space. An emergency medical service attended 1 out of 5 cases and half of these cases underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation. None of the cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest arrived alive at hospital. Only 1 of 10 cardiovascular deaths at home was witnessed. The implementation of an automated external defibrillator program does not represent an advisable strategy in Bariloche.

Validación del score clínico de Tal modificado para la evaluación de severidad en bronquiolitis

Introducción: se dispone de diferentes scores para evaluar la severidad de la bronquiolitis. En Uruguay se utiliza la escala de Tal modificada. A pesar de su uso generalizado no existen datos acerca de su validez como prueba diagnóstica. Objetivo: validar la escala clínica de Tal modificada en menores de 24 meses hospitalizados con bronquiolitis. Material y métodos: estudio transversal de menores de 24 meses hospitalizados en dos prestadores de salud con primer episodio de bronquiolitis. Se realizó en dos etapas: 1) Piloto, junio-julio 2016, para homogeneizar criterios y analizar concordancia (N=28); 2) Validación, junio-julio 2017 (N=110). La reproductibilidad se midió con la fiabilidad mediante coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Se consideró significativo p<0,05. La validez se evaluó a través de la apariencia lógica de la escala. Resultados: la correlación interobservador para la escala global fue 0,97 (p<0,01). Las correlaciones interobservador para cada ítem fueron: frecuencia respiratoria 0,88; sibilancias 0,79; saturación de oxígeno 0,97, y retracciones 0,93 (p<0,01). El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para toda la escala fue 0,35. Al eliminar un ítem por vez, el coeficiente fue: sin frecuencia respiratoria 0,35; sin sibilancias 0,36; sin saturación de oxígeno 0,33, y sin retracciones 0,07. Discusión y conclusiones: se observó elevada fiabilidad interobservador. Esto refuerza la necesidad de entrenamiento previo y la importancia de la experticia en la aplicación de instrumentos con varios componentes clínicos. La fiabilidad de la escala de Tal modificada es baja y el grado de correlación entre sus diferentes ítems inadecuado. Es necesario analizar críticamente estos resultados para mejorar la toma de decisiones.

Summary: Introduction: different scores are available to assess the severity of bronchiolitis. In Uruguay the modified Tal score is used. Despite its widespread use, there are no data on its validity as a diagnostic test. Objective: to validate the clinical modified Tal score in children less than 24 months hospitalized with bronchiolitis. Material and methods: a cross-sectional study of children under 24 months hospitalized in two providers with 1st episode of bronchiolitis. In 2 stages: (1) Pilot, June-July 2016, to homogenize criteria and analyze concordance (N = 28). (2) Validation, June-July 2017 (N = 110). Reproducibility was measured with reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. When p <0.05 it was considered relevant. Validity was assessed through the logical appearance of the scale. Results: inter-observer correlation for the global scale was 0.97 (p <0.01). Inter-observer correlations for each item were: respiratory rate 0.88, wheezing 0.79, oxygen saturation 0.97 and retractions 0.93 (p <0.01). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the full scale was 0.35. When removing one item at a time, the coefficient was: no respiratory rate 0.35; without wheezing 0.36; without oxygen saturation 0.33 and without retractions 0,07. Discussion-conclusions: high inter-observer reliability was observed. This reinforces the need for prior training and the importance of expertise in the application of instruments with various clinical components. The reliability of the modified Tal score is low and the degree of correlation between its different items is inadequate. These results need to be critically analyzed to improve decision making.

Introdução: podem-se utilizar diferentes escores para avaliar a gravidade da bronquiolite. No Uruguai, utilizou -se a escala modificada de Tal. Apesar de seu uso generalizado, não há dados sobre sua validade como teste diagnóstico. Objetivo: validar a escala clínica de Tal modificada em crianças com menos de 24 meses de idade internados com bronquiolite. Material e métodos: estudo transversal realizado com crianças menores de 24 meses internadas internadas em dois centros de saúde com primeiro episódio de bronquiolite. Foi realizado em duas etapas: 1) Piloto, junho-julho de 2016, para homogeneizar critérios e analisar concordância (N = 28); 2) Validação, junho a julho de 2017 (N = 110). A reprodutibilidade foi medida com confiabilidade pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Considerou-se significativo p <0,05. A validade foi avaliada por meio de a aparência lógica da escala. Resultados: a correlação interobservador para a escala global foi de 0,97 (p <0,01). As correlações interobservadores para cada item foram: freqüência respiratória 0,88; sibilância 0,79; Saturação de oxigênio 0,97 e retrações 0,93 (p <0,01). O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach para toda a escala foi de 0,35. Ao eliminar um item de cada vez, o coeficiente foi: sem frequência respiratória de 0,35; sem chiado 0,36; sem saturação de oxigênio 0,33 e sem retrações 0,07. Discussão-conclusões: observamos alta confiabilidade interobservador. Isso reforça a necessidade de treinamento prévio e a importância da expertise na aplicação de instrumentos com vários componentes clínicos. A confiabilidade da escala de Tal modificada é baixa e o grau de correlação entre os seus diferentes itens foi inadequada. É necessário analisar os resultados criticamente para a tomada de decisão.

High expression level of TAL1 gene in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leu-kemia / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the characteristic of T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1 (TAL1) gene expres-sion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and in primary AML cells from de novo AML patients with different sub-types. METHODS:Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of TAL1 mRNA in acute leukemia cell lines (Jurkat, CCRF-CEM, HL-60 and NB4 cell lines) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 47 newly diagnosed AML patients. Twelve healthy individuals were served as healthy control group. RESULTS:A significantly increased level in TAL1 mRNA was found in AML cell lines (HL-60 and NB4), T-cell acute lymphacytic leukemia (T-ALL) cell lines (Jur-kat, CCRF-CEM) and primary AML cells compared with the healthy controls. Over-expression of TAL1 was found in all detected AML subtypes, the highest level of TAL-1 mRNA was found in AML-M1 and AML-M5 subtype ( P <0.05). CONCLUSION:High expression of TAL1 in AML might influence the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid cells, further investigation needs to confirm whether it would be as a biomarker for pathogenesis of AML.

TEE guided minimally invasive transthoracic device closure of ventricular septal defect versus convention-al thoracotomy: a comparative study of propensity score matching / 实用医学杂志

Objective To compare the difference between transthoracic device closure of ventricular sep-tal defect and conventional thoracotomy and examine the effect and safety of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guided minimally invasive transthoracic device closure of ventricular septal defect. Methods Three hun-dred and sixty-eight patients underwent isolated ventricular septal defect surgery in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2016. There were 40 patients in group A underwent TEE guided minimally invasive transthoracic device clo-sure of ventricular septal defect and 328 patients in group B underwent conventional thoracotomy surgery.By using the method of propensity score matching,we selected 40 conventional thoracotomy patients as a control group in our study. Results All patients were survived after surgery without death and other serious complications. Compared with conventional thoracotomy surgery,patient with transthoracic device closure of ventricular septal defect had sta-tistical improvement in surgery time(1.97 ± 0.48 vs. 3.55 ± 1.95)h, ICU stayed time(21.15 ± 30.52 vs. 38.37 ± 10.91)h,volume of thoracic drainag(28.39 ± 32.67 vs.174.84 ± 85.36)mL,surgery incision length(2.98 ± 0.72 vs. 11.76 ± 2.89)cm.There were no significant differences in postoperative valvular regurgitation,arrhythmia and resid-ual shunt between the two groups.Conclusion TEE guided minimally invasive transthoracic device closure of ven-tricular septal defect is safe,effective,feasible,less trauma,less bleeding,faster recovery and etc.

Correlation between polymorphism of-152G/A and 7488T/C at IL-17 gene and levels of total serum IgE among 224 children with Asthma in Guiyang / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the influences of interleukin 17A gene promoter -152G/A (IL-17A -152G/A) and interleukin 17F gene exon 7488 T/C (IL-17F 7488T/C) single nucleotide poly-morphisms on children bronchial asthma and serum total IgE ( TIgE) levels. Methods Genotype distribu-tion of IL-17A-152G/A and IL-17F 7488T/C in 224 children with asthma and 150 healthy subjects was de-tected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP) analysis. Some samples were selected for PCR product sequencing and verification. IMMAGE800 specific protein analyzer from the Beckman Coulter test system was used to automatically detect serum TIgE levels in all subjects. Re-sults Three genotypes of AA, AG and GG were detected at IL-17A -152G/A locus in both asthma and control groups. Differences in genotype frequency distribution were statistically significant between the two groups (P<0. 05). Subjects carrying the variant allele A at IL-17A-152G/A locus were more likely to have asthma than those without (P<0. 05). Three genotypes of TT, TC and CC were detected at IL-17F 7488T/C locus in both asthma and control groups, but differences in the frequency distribution of genotype and al-lele were statistically significant between the two groups (P<0. 05). There was a significant difference in se-rum TIgE levels between asthma and control groups (P<0. 05). In asthma group, patients of AA genotype at IL-17A -152G/A locus had higher serum TIgE levels than those of AG genotype (P=0. 001) and GG geno-type (P=0. 001). No significant difference in serum TIgE levels was found among healthy subjects of the three genotypes in control group. No significant difference in serum TIgE levels was observed among the sub-jects of TT, TC and CC genotypes at IL-17F 7488T/C locus in asthma or control group (P>0. 05). Conclu-sion IL-17 gene polymorphism was correlated with the incidence of asthma in children in Guiyang area. IL-17A -152G/A polymorphism was an important candidate gene for asthma in Guiyang area and the variant al-lele A at -152G/A locus was correlated with increased serum TIgE levels. IL-17F 7488T/C polymorphism was also an important candidate gene for asthma in Guiyang. Children carrying the variant allele C at IL-17F 7488T/C locus showed a lower risk for asthma in Guiyang. IL-17F 7488T/C polymorphism had no influence on serum TIgE levels.

Cytomegalovirus Infection In Pregnancy- A Review

Primary and recurrent infections of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can occur during pregnancy. Both can result in congenital infection, the leading infectious cause of mental retardation, sensorineural deafness and visual impairment. The intrauterine transmission of HCMV and an adverse outcome are mainly related to a primary maternal infection. However, there is currently increasing evidence that the incidence of symptomatic infections in infants born to immune mothers is higher than previously thought. The option of a pre- natal diagnosis therefore has a crucial role in the management of pregnancies complicated by active HCMV infection. In spite of the potentially devastating consequences of congenital HCMV infection, little information is available concerning antiviral therapy as prophylactic treatment for women at high risk of the transmission of HCMV during pregnancy. Passive immunization for the prevention of vertical transmission of the virus appears promising. Until a HCMV vaccine is available, education is needed regarding the risk involved and the strategies to be adopted for the prevention of HCMV infection during pregnancy.

Optimization of the Water Extraction Technology of Punica granatum Peel and Flowers in Muzha Uighur Medicine Suppository / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the water extraction technology of Punica granatum peel and flowers in Muzha supposito-ry. METHODS:Using total tannin,ellagic acid contents as evaluation indexes,extration time,times,the amount of solvents as in-vestigation factors,L9(34)orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the water extraction technology of P. granatum flowers and peel. And verification test was conducted. RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology of total tannin and ellagic acid in P. granatum peel and flowers was as follow as 10-fold water reflux extraction for 3 times with 2 herbs,0.5 h every time. The average content of total tannin and ellagic acid extracted from 3 batches of herbs was 151.69 mg/g (RSD=1.15%,n=3),24.59 mg/g (RSD=1.41%,n=3)in the verification test,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The optimized extraction technology is stable,feasible,and can be used for extracting the total tannin and ellagic acid in P. granatum peel and flowers.

Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitude among Medical Students towards Mnemonics Learning.

Background: Many different ways exist to undertake and encourage students to improve their information and understanding of a subject matter. This study was undertaken to measure the impact of student-based mnemonic construction with multiple selection questions (mnemonics) as a stimulant for the training and understanding of topics in biochemistry. Methods: Medical students were selected voluntarily from various medical colleges. They were approached with a pre-validated mnemonic’s with prior oriented mnemonics. Feedback questions were taken from students regarding mnemonics usage. Statistics: Descriptive statistics was used and results were expressed as percentage. Results: 135 students were selected from first year for this study. A set of questionnaires were place and directed to decide on the suitable possibility as per the likert scale. The response were collected and analyzed. 65% of students very much liked learning mnemonics, 54% of students expressed interest to create mnemonics before going to exams. 38% of students expressed that they were terrified with mnemonics. 67% of students felt confident with mnemonics, 57% students opined that future theory teaching should be based contain few interesting mnemonics. 71% of students felt mnemonics helped them in remembering, analysing, evaluating and understanding difficult medical concepts. Conclusion: The fact that the mnemonics didn't test deep learning could suggest that the students did not gain the higher levels of understanding hoped for, but this is often a difficult conclusion to make particularly because it isn't a realistic expectation for students to provide mnemonics testing higher order cognitive skills at their first try.

Long-term effects of pelvic autonomic nerve preservation on anorectal function after radical hysterecto-my / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the long?term effect of nerve?spring radical hysterectomy( NSRH) on anorectal function after radical hysterectomy. Methods Fifty?six cases of uterine cervical carcinoma patients who met the criteria were selected for the study and were randomly divided into RH group and NSRH group. Defecation functional and anorectal manometry were compared at 1 year after surgery. Results There were 2 patients were excluded both in the two groups, and 26 cases were included in the follow up of each group. Compared with RH group, NSRH group had a lower constipation and chronic diarrhea incidence ( 2 (7. 7%),8(30. 8%);1(3. 8%),6(23. 1%);χ2=4. 457,4. 127P<0. 05),a better self?evaluation bowel func?tion(no significant change:10(38. 5%),5(19. 2%);poor:7(26. 9%),3(11. 5%);very poor:9(34. 6%),18 (69. 2%);χ2=6. 267,P=0. 044;P<0. 05),a higher level of maximal anal squeeze pressure((132. 7±43. 6) mmHg,(119. 5±45. 3) mmHg;t=2. 116,P<0. 05),a lower level of threshold perception of distension((38. 6 ±10. 5) mmHg,(45. 8±12. 4) mmHg;t=2. 326,P<0. 05) and threshold perception of evacuative stimulus ((78. 3±33. 2) mmHg,(90. 6±40. 9) mmHg;t=2. 208,P<0. 05). Conclusion RH may cause more serious long?term anorectal dysfunction,while NSRH help to protect defecation function.

Development and changing trend in monitoring of healthcare-associated in-fection in China / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To summarize the effectiveness in monitoring activities for healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in China in the past 30 years,explore the changing trend in HAI monitoring,find a new model for the moni-toring of HAI in China.Methods A total of 194 comprehensive hospitals and military hospitals in 13 provinces (au-tonomous regions,municipalities)were selected,questionnaire survey was adopted to investigate the situation of HAI monitoring.Results Of 194 hospitals,184 (94.85%)had available data after being checked,incidence of HAI in secondary and tertiary hospitals were 0.78% and 1.58% respectively,difference was significant (P <0.01).Monitoring was divided into two stages,cumulative percentage of each monitoring activity before 2006 and during 2006-2016 were respectively as follows:environmental hygiene were 73.91% and 100.00%,disinfection ef-ficacy 69.57% and 97.28%,overall comprehensive monitoring 64.67% and 98.91%,surgical site infection(SSI) 13.04% and 94.57%,ICU HAI 4.89% and 87.50%,neonatal HAI 1.75% and 60.82%,multidrug-resistant or-ganisms(MDROs)5.43% and 95.65%,hand hygiene compliance 2.17% and 93.48%,antimicrobial agents 15.22% and 87.50%.The reporting rate of HAI outbreak in tertiary hospitals was higher than secondary hospitals (33.33% [n=37]vs 16.44%[n=12],P =0.01).Conclusion The monitoring of HAI in China starts late,but develops rapidly,defects still exist in HAI monitoring system,reporting rate of HAI cases is still high,reporting rate of HAI outbreak is low.

Study on Determination Method for Bacterial Endotoxins in Nedaplatin for Injection / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a detection method for bacterial endotoxins in nedaplatin for injection. Methods:The experi-ment was carried out and the result was evaluated according to the appendix XIE of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 Vol. II. Results:There was no interference from nedaplatin for injection to bacterial endotoxin in TAL reaction. Conclusion:The method is feasible to detect bacterial endotoxin in nedaplatin for injection, which can replace the rabbit pyrogen test.

A study on clinical characteristics for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with SIL-TAL1 fusion gene / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with SIL-TAL1 rearrangement.Methods 62 newly diagnosed T-ALL patients including 15 patients with SIL-TAL1 rearrangement were systemically reviewed.Results Compared with SIL-TAL1-T-ALL patients,SIL-TAL1 + T-ALL patients was characterized by higher white blood cell count (P =0.029) at diagnosis,predominant cortical T-ALL immunophenotype (P =0.028) of the leukemic blasts,a higher prevalence of acute tumor lysis syndrome (P ＜ 0.001) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (P ＜ 0.001),which led to a higher early mortality (26.7 ％ (4/15) vs 4.3 ％ (2/47),P =0.011).Compared with SIL-TAL1-patients,SIL-TAL1+ patients had shorter relapse free survival (2 months vs 12 months,P =0.007) and overall survival (4 months vs 25 months,P =0.002).Conclusion SIL-TAL1 rearrangement identifies a distinct subtype with inferior outcome which could allow for individual therapeutic stratification for T-ALL patients.