ABSTRACT
Because the mobility ratio of thin film transistors is too low, it is recognized that flat detector can not be used in CT machine.The current research direction is to find the detector material with higher mobility ratio, but with little success. This study puts forward a new scheme to solve the core problem that limits the application of CT, which is the mobility of thin film transistors:by moving various TFT functions in the thin film transistor to the peripheral circuit, the restriction of the mobility of thin film transistor on the CT machine is completely overcome, and the reading speed of the flat panel detector becomes very fast, which can perfectly meet the requirements of the scanning speed of the CT machine.This will provide new research ideas for the application of flat panel detector in CT machine.
Subject(s)
Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
@#Interpretation of thyroid function test (TFT) is often straightforward but in certain scenarios, discordance between the clinical impression and the laboratory results exists. A 50-year-old woman with a ten years history of hypothyroidism on levothyroxine presented with a recent notable change in TFT [elevated free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)], in an otherwise clinically euthyroid and previously stable TFT, leading to levothyroxine being withheld. This case report highlights the possibility of assay interference as a cause of discordant TFT. It also draws the importance of close collaboration between clinicians and the laboratory to avoid unnecessary investigations and inappropriate management of such a case.
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Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21, is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in live born infants with a prevalence rate of 1 in 700 live births. Individuals with DS usually have comorbid conditions such as thyroid dysfunction, growth retardation, diabetes mellitus and obesity. The most frequent among these are the thyroid abnormalities which range from subclinical to overt hypothyroidism, and rarely hyperthyroidism.1-3 Individuals with DS are more susceptible to thyroid disorders compared to the general population. Primary hypothyroidism, referred to as elevated TSH, is the most common thyroid abnormality in DS; secondary hypothyroidism indicated by normal/reduced TSH is extremely rare. The prevalence of hypothyroidism varies between 3-54% in adults with DS.4 The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of thyroid abnormalities among children with DS registered in a tertiary referral center for neurodevelopmental disorders and non-communicable neurological disorders in Kerala, a south Indian state. 100 children with DS in the age range of 4 months-15 years, registered at Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Kerala during the period of 2012-2016, were recruited for the study. The mean age of the participants (57 males, 43 females) was 5.4'3.8 years. The diagnosis of DS was confirmed by karyotyping. All the participants were drug-naive at the time of blood collection. 500 'l of serum samples was used for thyroid function test (TFT) which measured the levels of TSH, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). The reference range for TSH, T3 and T4 were as follows, TSH: 0.4-4mIU/ml, T3: 70-170ng/dl, T4: 4.5-12.5mg/dl.
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Background: Thyroiditis is the second most common thyroid lesion next to endemic goitre diagnosed on FNA in iodine (I2) deficient areas. This study was carried out to study correlation between thyroid hormone status with anti-thyroid antibodies in cases of autoimmune thyroiditis diagnosed on FNAC. Aim: To correlate thyroid hormone status with anti-thyroid antibodies in cytologically diagnosed cases of autoimmune thyroiditis. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital. 150 cases diagnosed as autoimmune thyroiditis in a two year period from January 2010 to December 2011 formed the study group. The clinical history, TFT, and AMA tires were noted from the medical record available with the patient and also from Endocrinology department records. Results: Incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis was found to be 13.4%. Majority of the patients were females (96.7%), 53.3% of cases were seen in the age group 21-40 years age group. Of the patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, 110(73.3%) patients were euthyroid while 32 (21.3%) patients were hypothyroid at the time of FNAC. Only 8(5.3%) patients showed evidence of hyperthyroidism. 8% patients showed subclinical hypothyroidism. In 97 patients anti-microsomal antibody titre (AMA) was available, 83 were positive i.e.85.6% positivity. Of the cytologically diagnosed cases of autoimmune thyroiditis, 14.4% cases showed AMA negativity. Thus FNAC remains the gold standard for the diagnosis. Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroiditis was seen more commonly in females, majority cases were seen in age group of 21-40 years. Euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis was common in our study. Antimicrosomal antibody titre (AMA) was available in 97 cases, out of which 83 were positive i.e.85.6% positivity. Of the cytologically diagnosed cases of autoimmune thyroiditis, 14.4% cases showed AMA Arun Chopwad, Shweta P. Bijwe. Autoimmune thyroiditis – Correlation between thyroid hormone status and AMA titre. IAIM, 2018; 5(3): 34-43. Page 35 negativity. Thus FNAC remains the gold standard for the diagnosis in subjects with a clinical diagnosis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and negative antibody results.
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In this study, we have conducted characterization of imaging performance for a flat panel digital X-ray detector using amorphous Selenium and a-Si TFT which was developed by the authors. The procedures for characterization were in concordance with internationally recommended standards such as IEC (international electrotechnical commission). The measures used for imaging performance characterization include response characteristic, modulation transfer function (MTF), detective quantum efficiency (DQE), noise power spectrum (NPS), and quantum limited performance. The measured DQEs at lowest and highest spatial frequencies were 40% and 25% respectively, which was superior to that of commercial products by overseas vendor. The MTF values were significantly superior to that of CR and indirect type DRs. The quantum limited performance showed the detector was limited by quantum noise at the entrance exposure level below 0.023 mR, which is sufficiently low for general X-ray examination.
Subject(s)
Commerce , Noise , Selenium , SiliconABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Thyroid status in uremia is still inconclusive due to the complexicity of the system. No single pathogenetic event may explain the thyroid function abnormalities in end stage renal disease (ESRD). Defects at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis have been identified. Regarding the thyroid dysfunction in ESRD it is well recognized that the TSH response to TRH is blunted and serum concentrations of thyroid hormones are decreased in patients with ESRD. Whether or not on maintenance hemodialysis. Restoration of renal function with renal transplantation resulted in normalization of all parameters of thyroid function with exception of blunted TSH response to TRH. We evaluated the long-term changes of the thyroid function in 10 patients to know whether the thyroid function and the hypothalamo-pituitary axis were improved with the recovery of the renal function under maintenance low-dosage steroid administration after renal transplantation. METHODS: These tests were performed during the morning in the fasting state in 10 ESRD patients before, 1 month and 6 years after renal transplantation (RT). Thyroid function tests. Serum T3, T4 were measured by RIA kit and serum TSH was measured by IRMA kit. TRH stimulation test. Serum blood samples were obtained 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 min after TRH (400microgram) administration. Statistical analysis. All grouped data were expressed as mean+/-SD. Student t-test was used to assess the statistical difference between any two means. RESULTS: 1) The mean basal level of serum T3 was reduced in ESRD patients (53.6+/-33.2ng/dL) and increased to the low normal level 1 month after RT (87.8+/-25.4ng/dL), improved to the normal level 6 years after RT (116.3+/-28.8ng/dL). 2) The mean basal level of T4 was within normal range before RT (5.9+/-1.1microgram/dL), after 1 month (6.2+/-1.2microgram/dL) and after 6 years (6.5+/-1.4microgram/dL) of RT. 3) The mean basal level of TSH was within normal range before RT (2.0+/-1.2microU/mL), after 1 month (1.1+/-0.7microU/mL), and after 6 years (0.7+/-0.5microU/mL) of RT. Rut the mean TSH level of 6 years of RT was significantly decreased within the normal range. 4) In ESRD the TSH response to TRH was blunted, had a diminished peak and delayed fall before RT. After 1 month of RT, the TSH response to TRH was persistently blunted, however showed more rapid fall of TSH. After 6 years of RT, the TSH response to TRH normalized, but the absolute level of TSH and the peak level of TSH to TRH were less than before and after 1 month of RT. CONCLUSIONS: The abnormalities of thyroid hormones in uremic patients were improved partially after 1 month of RT and almost completely after 6 years of RT. But the level of T3H and the peak level of TSH to TRH were low within normal range, these results may be a direct consequence of low-dosage and long-term glucorcorticoid administration.