ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the protective effects of Nigella sativa seed extract (NSSE) against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in TIB-73 cells and rats. Methods: Toxicity in TIB-73 cells was induced with 10 μmol/L APAP and the protective effects of NSSE were evaluated at 25, 50, 75, 100 μg/mL. For in vivo examination, a total of 30 rats were equally divided into five experimental groups; normal control (vehicle), APAP (800 mg/kg body weight single IP injection) as a hepatotoxic control, and three APAP and NS pretreated (2 weeks) groups (APAP + NSSE 100 mg; APAP + NSSE 300 mg and APAP + NSSE 900 mg/kg). Results: TIB-73 cell viability was drastically decreased by (49.0 ± 1.9)% after the 10 μmol/LAPAP treatment, which also increased reactive oxygen species production. Co-treatment with NSSE at 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL significantly improved cell viability and suppressed reactive oxygen species generation. In vivo, the APAP induced alterations in blood lactate levels, pH, anionic gap, and ion levels (HCO
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the protective effects of Nigella sativa seed extract (NSSE) against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in TIB-73 cells and rats.@*METHODS@#Toxicity in TIB-73 cells was induced with 10 μmol/L APAP and the protective effects of NSSE were evaluated at 25, 50, 75, 100 μg/mL. For in vivo examination, a total of 30 rats were equally divided into five experimental groups; normal control (vehicle), APAP (800 mg/kg body weight single IP injection) as a hepatotoxic control, and three APAP and NS pretreated (2 weeks) groups (APAP + NSSE 100 mg; APAP + NSSE 300 mg and APAP + NSSE 900 mg/kg).@*RESULTS@#TIB-73 cell viability was drastically decreased by (49.0 ± 1.9)% after the 10 μmol/LAPAP treatment, which also increased reactive oxygen species production. Co-treatment with NSSE at 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL significantly improved cell viability and suppressed reactive oxygen species generation. In vivo, the APAP induced alterations in blood lactate levels, pH, anionic gap, and ion levels (HCO3(-), Mg(2+) and K(+)), which tended to normalize with the NSSE pretreatment. The NSSE also significantly decreased elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase induced by APAP, which correlated with decreased levels of hepatic lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), increased superoxide dismutase levels, and reduced glutathione concentrations. Improved hepatic histology was also found in the treatment groups other than APAP group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The in vitro and in vivo findings of this study demonstrated that the NSSE has protective effects against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity and metabolic disturbances by improving antioxidant activities and suppressing both lipid peroxidation and ROS generation.
ABSTRACT
La introducción de nuevos cultivares de guayabo (Psidium guajava L.) amerita su propagación masiva, lo cual solo puede ser satisfecho mediante la micropropagación. Sin embargo la micropropagación convencional dejó de ser económicamente eficiente, debido al uso de agentes gelificantes y el elevado número de operaciones manuales, por esta razón se planteó en esta investigación, generar una metodología que permita disminuir los costos de producción por la exclusión del gelificante en los medios de cultivo, evaluando los sistemas de inmersión temporal (SIT) en la multiplicación in vitro de guayabo. Para lo cual, se evaluó el efecto del cultivo en SIT, se comparó los SIT tipo BIT® y RITA® y se evaluó el tiempo (1 y 2 min) y frecuencia (3 y 4 veces/día) de inmersión. Luego de seis semanas de cultivo se evaluó: número de brotes (NB), numero de nudos (NN), longitud de brote (LB) y coeficiente de multiplicación (CM). Con el empleo de SIT se logró valores superiores para NB (2,17), NN (3,5), LB (10,7 mm) y CM (2,8). En la comparación entre SIT tipo RITA y BIT, valores superiores se obtuvieron con el RITA® para NB (3,8), NN (3,8), LB (16,6 mm) y CM (10,4). Se determinó que con 2 min de inmersión se logró los mayores valores de NB (3,7), NN (13,4), LB (15,3 mm) y con 2 min de inmersión 3-4 veces/día el mayor CM (9,4 y 10,4). Se concluye que el cultivo en RITA® en la multiplicación favoreció crecimiento y la proliferación de brotes de guayabo.
The introduction of new cultivars of guava (Psidium guajava L.) deserves its mass propagation, which can only be satisfied by micropropagation. However conventional micropropagation stopped being economically efficient due to the use of gelling agents and the high number of manual operations. For this reason was considered in this research, generate a methodology to reduce production costs by exclusion of gelling in culture media, assessing temporary immersion systems (TIS) in the in vitro multiplication of guava. For which, the effect of the culture way was evaluated in TIS, type TIB® and RITA® compared the TIS and was evaluated the time (1 and 2 min) and frequency (3 and 4 times / day) of immersions. After six weeks of culture were evaluated: shoots number (NS), nodes number (NN), shoot length (SL) and multiplication rate (MR). With the use of TIS higher values for NS (2.17), NN (3.5), SL (10.7 mm) and MC (2.8) was achieved. When comparing RITA® and TIB, higher values were obtained with the RITA® for NS (3.8), NN (3.8), SL (16.6 mm) and MC (10.4). It was determined that 2 min of immersion with the highest values of NS (3.7), NN (13.4), SL (15.3 mm) and 2 min immersion 3-4 times/day achieved the highest MC (9.4 and 10.4). We conclude that the RITA® culture favored the multiplication in growth and proliferation of shoots of guava.