Log odds of positive nodes as a prognostic factor for rectal cancer: a retrospective study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Rectal cancer is an important cause of mortality and morbidity globally. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the log odds of positive nodes system is a better indicator than tumor node metastasis and lymph node ratio systems to determine rectum cancer prognosis, which is an important cause of mortality and morbidity globally. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients with rectum adenocarcinoma followed at Gazi University Hospital. The clinicopathological data of 128 patients with rectum adenocarcinoma who underwent low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection between January 2010 and December 2018 was retrospectively reviewed. Patients with rectum adenocarcinoma as the first and only primary diagnosis, which was confirmed by histopathological examination, than those who had undergone complete curative resection via low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection were included. Those with familial adenomatous polyposis or Lynch syndrome, those under 18 years of age, with a synchronous tumor, peritoneal spread, or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, and those with <12 lymph nodes dissected from the resection material were excluded from the study. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, age, perineural invasion, tumor node metastasis stage, lymph node ratio stage, and log odds of positive nodes stage were found to be independent prognostic factors (p<0.05). LODDS2 patients' mortality rates were 9.495 times higher than LODDS0 patients [hazard ratio=9.495, (95%CI 4.155-21.694), p<0.001] while LNR2 stage patients' mortality rates were 7.016 times higher than LNR0 stage patients [hazard ratio=7.016, (95%CI 3.123-15.765), p<0.001] and N2 stage patients had a 5.135 times higher risk of mortality than those who were in N0 stage [hazard ratio=5.135 (95%CI 2.451-10.756), p<0.001]. CONCLUSION: Log odds of positive nodes is a more valuable prognostic factor for rectal cancer patients than tumor node metastasis and lymph node ratio systems to determine rectum cancer prognosis.

Change and continuity: On the 9th UICC/IASLC/AJCC TNM staging system for thymic tumors / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#The announcement of the 9th edition of TNM staging system for thymic tumors was one of the highlights at the World Conference on Lung Cancer 2023. The revision, based on a larger and more detailed database, provides changes and confirmation from the last system. The 9th edition of TNM staging system aims to balance statistical significance and clinical feasibility. The birth of an improved TNM staging system heralds the changes that will follow in clinical practice and scientific research.

Value of Chemoradiotherapy based on the depth of invasion for the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To explore the prognostic value of chemoradiotherapy based on the depth of invasion (DOI) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.@* Methods @#Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma who received surgical treatment in a hospital from 2008 to 2016 were enrolled. The chi-square test was used to compare the effects of DOI on postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis and local recurrence. The effects of chemoradiotherapy on postoperative cervical lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, and survival were analyzed based on the DOI.@*Results@# A total of 111 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. The postoperative local recurrence rate (P<0.05) and cervical lymph node metastasis rate (P<0.05) of patients with 5 mm < DOI ≤ 10 mm and DOI > 10 mm were significantly higher than those with DOI ≤ 5 mm. The time of postoperative recurrence was concentrated within two years after the operation. The greater the DOI was, the shorter the time to postoperative recurrence (P<0.05). The addition of postoperative chemoradiotherapy did not significantly improve the postoperative local recurrence rate, cervical lymph node metastasis or survival rate of patients with different DOIs (P > 0.05). @*Conclusion@#DOI has important predictive value for postoperative recurrence, cervical lymph node metastasis and survival rate. However, DOI cannot be used as an independent index to guide whether chemoradiotherapy is needed after oral cancer surgery.

Analysis of survival time and benefits of postoperative radiotherapy in resected small cell lung cancer patients / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To analyze the survival time, prognostic factors and the value of postoperative thoracic radiotherapy in resected small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients.Methods:Clinic opathological data of SCLC patients who received surgical treatment in Cancer Hospital & General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from April 2014 to September 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients were subject to follow-up. The survival time of SCLC patients was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors were performed by Cox proportional hazard model.Results:A total of 64 patients with SCLC were enrolled in the study. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 43.5%. Univariate analysis showed that TNM staging ( P=0.027), postoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ( P=0.039) and adjuvant thoracic radiotherapy ( P=0.041) were the prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM staging ( P=0.038) and adjuvant thoracic radiotherapy ( P=0.022) were the prognostic factors in patients with SCLC. The 5-year OS rates of patients with and without adjuvant thoracic radiotherapy were 71.6% and 35.4% ( P=0.028), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the 5-year OS rates between pathological stage N 2 SCLC patients with or without adjuvant thoracic radiotherapy (75.0% vs. 0%, P=0.030). Conclusions:TNM staging and postoperative adjuvant thoracic radiotherapy are prognostic factors in patients with SCLC undergoing surgical treatment. Pathological stage N 2 SCLC patients can benefit from adjuvant thoracic radiotherapy.

Advances in post-operative prognostic models for hepatocellular carcinoma / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgery remains the primary and most successful therapy option for the treatment of early- and mid-stage HCCs, but the high heterogeneity of HCC renders prognostic prediction challenging. The construction of relevant prognostic models helps to stratify the prognosis of surgically treated patients and guide personalized clinical decision-making, thereby improving patient survival rates. Currently, the prognostic assessment of HCC is based on several commonly used staging systems, such as Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM), Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP), and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC). Given the insufficiency of these staging systems and the aim to improve the accuracy of prognostic prediction, researchers have incorporated further prognostic factors, such as microvascular infiltration, and proposed some new prognostic models for HCC. To provide insights into the prospects of clinical oncology research, this review describes the commonly used HCC staging systems and new models proposed in recent years.

Inter relationship of micronutrients in the prognosis of ovarian cancer at stage II in Pakistani women

Introduction: Cancer cells are characterized by the attainment of several characteristics that enable them to become tumorigenic. Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Objectives of the study: The main objective of the study is to find the level of micronutrients in ovarian cancer patients. Materials and methods: The whole experimental work was conducted in the hospitals of Abbottabad with the correlation of SKMH Lahore. All experiment is done according to the rules and regulations of authority. For this study we select the 20 female patients who was suffering from ovarian cancer. The blood was drawn for further analysis of micronutrients. Result: The criteria used for tumor grading and to separate borderline tumors from carcinomas depend on histologic subtype. These results are based on modern criteria for histotyping ovarian carcinomas. Serous carcinomas show a very broad spectrum of histologic appearances, which contrast with most other primary ovarian carcinomas in which morphologic variation is considerably less. Conclusion: It is concluded from our findings that the level of micronutrients become decreases and it also create different issues like weakness and other hormonal and blood problems.

Need to restage Korean melanoma patients following publication of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual

Background: The tumor, nodes and metastasis (TNM) classification and stage grouping have been updated in the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging manual. However, restaging all the previous cases are not recommended. Aims: The aims of the study were to investigate the necessity of restaging Korean melanoma patients staged by the previous edition of the AJCC manual. Methods: Differences in the staging criteria of the 7th and 8th editions of the AJCC manual were identified. The staging of 276 primary melanomas from January 2011 to December 2018 was classified by both 7th and 8th editions of the manual and their differences were compared. Results: Staging by 7th and 8th edition of the AJCC manual differed in 64 cases (23.2%). The pathological prognostic staging changed in 35 (12.7%), and 29 (10.5%) had changes in only TNM classification but not the pathological staging. None of the patients needed additional sentinel lymph node biopsy or systemic treatment as a result of restaging. Additional counseling was needed for the patients, because melanoma-specific survival was increased in the 8th edition. Limitations: This is a retrospective study with relatively small number of patients at a single tertiary center in Korea. Conclusion: Assessment of the need for additional sentinel lymph node biopsy or systemic treatment is recommended because of the latest changes in the AJCC melanoma staging manual. Although the restaging of previously staged melanomas is not significantly needed in our patients, still the differences in TNM classification and/or pathological prognostic staging suggest the need to separately recognize the patients previously staged by 7th edition and recently staged by 8th edition. Careful counseling about melanoma-specific survival is needed for Asian patients

The impact of multimodality integrated positron emission tomography-computed tomography on improving the staging and management of head and neck malignancy: a cross- sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Clinical assessment of head and neck cancers is highly challenging owing to the complexity of regional anatomy and wide range of lesions. The diagnostic evaluation includes detailed physical examination, biopsy and imaging modalities for disease extent and staging. Appropriate imaging is done to enable determination of precise tumor extent and involvement of lymph nodes, and detection of distant metastases and second primary tumors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the initial staging discrepancy between conventional contrasted computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and its impact on management plans for head and neck malignancies. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cross-sectional study in two tertiary-level hospitals. METHODS: This study included 30 patients with primary head and neck malignant tumors who underwent contrasted computed tomography and whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT assessments. The staging and treatment plans were compared with the incremental information obtained after 18F-FDG PET/CT. RESULTS: 18F-FDG PET/CT was found to raise the stage in 33.3% of the cases and the treatment intent was altered in 43.3% of them, while there was no management change in the remaining 56.7%. 18F-FDG PET/CT had higher sensitivity (96% versus 89.2%) and accuracy (93% versus 86.7%) than conventional contrast-enhanced computed tomography. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that 18F-FDG PET/CT had higher sensitivity and accuracy for detecting head and neck malignancy, in comparison with conventional contrast-enhanced computed tomography. 18F-FDG PET/CT improved the initial staging and substantially impacted the management strategy for head and neck malignancies.

Clinical staging and prognostic risk factors for ocular adnexal lymphoma / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the influence of the clinical staging and different risk factors for the prognosis of ocular adnexal lymphoma.Methods:An ambispective cohort study was conducted.Seventy-four patients diagnosed with primary ocular adnexal lymphoma by pathology at Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from November 2010 to December 2018 were enrolled.TNM staging was performed according to local tumor extent, lymph node or systemic involvement.Ann Arbor staging was carried out according to lymph node involvement and extranodal extension.The pathological subtype was classified according to World Health Organization classification of lymphoma.The outcome of disease progression or death was analyzed.Kaplan-Meier method was used for univariate survival analysis.Cox proportional hazard model was employed for multivariate survival analysis to predict the risk factors affecting prognosis, hazard ratio ( HR) and 95% confidence interval ( CI) were estimated.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital (No.2021KY[L]-32). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients before entering the cohort. Results:For TNM staging, there were 68 cases in stage <T4, accounting for 91.9%, 6 cases in T4, accounting for 8.1%, 71 cases in N0, accounting for 95.9%, 3 cases in ≥N1, accounting for 4.1%, and no case was in stage M. For Ann Arbor staging, there were 72 cases in stage ⅠE, accounting for 97.3%, and 2 cases in stage ⅡE, accounting for 2.7%.As for pathological classification, 64 cases had mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, accounting for 86.5% and 10 cases had non-MALT lymphoma, accounting for 13.5%.The follow-up of the patients was 3 to 117 months, with a median follow-up of 53 months.There were 6 cases dying of disease and 19 cases progressed.The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 96.6% and 86.6%, respectively.The 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 75.6% and 65.9%, respectively.According to single-factor analysis, T4 stage, non-MALT type and Ki67 positive rate ≥10% were related to declined overall survival rate ( P<0.05). T4 stage, ≥N1 stage, ≥Ann Arbor Ⅱ stage, non-MALT type and Ki67 positive rate ≥10% were related to declined progression-free survival rate ( P<0.05). According to multiple-factor analysis, pathological type ( HR=33.193, 95% CI: 3.388-325.156, P=0.003) was the independent risk factor for overall survival rate.N stage ( HR=11.683, 95% CI: 2.720-50.173, P=0.001) and pathological type ( HR=11.337, 95% CI: 3.841-33.464, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for progression-free survival rate. Conclusions:TNM staging and pathological type are important clinical prognostic indicators for ocular adnexal lymphoma.Patients with high TNM stage or non-MALT lymphoma should be monitored closely.

Prognostic analysis of oral cancer based on deep learning / 口腔疾病防治

@#TNM（tumor node metastasis）classification is a common way to evaluate the prognosis of patients with oral cancer; however, many years of application have proven this method to be confined merely in clinical and pathological data and it cannot be adapted to the development of modern medicine. Deep learning (DL) has been widely used in various aspects of human life, has advantages for conducting efficient and intelligent searches and can explore and analyze substantial medical information well. Additionally, the application of DL to medical practice is quickly increasing. In the field of oral cancer prognosis, DL can efficiently process and analyze the pathological, radiographic and molecular data of oral cancer patients represented by lymphocytes, gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) and gene maps and make accurate prognostic judgments accordingly. By assisting physicians in optimizing treatment plans, DL can effectively improve patients’ survival. Although DL lacks sufficient data and practical clinical application in prognostic studies, it has shown good clinical application prospects.

Impacto de la anestesia intravenosa en cirugía robótica para paciente de alto riesgo sometido a cirugía oncológica de larga duración en el Centro Médico Naval / Impact of intravenous anesthesia in robotic surgery for high-risk patient undergoing long-term oncologic surgery at the Naval Medical Center

Resumen: La práctica de cirugía robótica es un proceso complejo que implica desarrollo y tecnología no sólo en el campo de la cirugía, sino también en el campo de la anestesiología. Implica un proceso multifactorial, ya que ha generado un cambio drástico multidisciplinario basado en tecnología de punta que pretende ofrecer mejores condiciones durante el manejo perioperatorio en cirugía robótica. La anestesia total intravenosa cumple objetivos específicos en relación a la posición del paciente, relajación cerebral, neuroprotección, hemodinamia, pérdida y recuperación de la conciencia, parálisis neuromuscular, parámetros ventilatorios, etc. Ofrece seguridad y calidad al paciente durante el procedimiento con una mínima interferencia con el monitoreo electrofisiológico y permite modular la profundidad anestésica desde una neurosedación hasta una anestesia general, de acuerdo a las diferentes etapas de la cirugía. Un factor atribuible a la anestesia moderna para el éxito de la cirugía robótica es usar diferentes agentes anestésicos que promuevan inducción, mantenimiento y emersión anestésica más rápida y suave, a fin de reducir el tiempo de recuperación del estado de conciencia, funciones básicas y psicomotoras como la anestesia general multimodal.

Abstract: The practice of robotic surgery is a complex process, involving development and technology; not only in the surgery field but also in the anesthesiology field. It implies a multifactorial process since it has generated a drastic multidisciplinary change based on state-of-the-art technology; which aims to offer better conditions during perioperative management in robotic surgery. Intravenous Total Anesthesia accomplishes specific objectives in relation to patient position, brain relaxation, neuroprotection, hemodynamics, loss and recovery of consciousness, neuromuscular paralysis, ventilatory parameters, providing safety and quality during the procedure; with minimal intervention during electrophysiological monitoring and enabling anesthetic depth to be modulated from neurosedation to general anesthesia, according to the different stages of the surgery. A factor attributable to modern anesthesia for robotic surgery success is to employ different anesthetic agents promoting induction, maintenance of general anesthesia, smother and faster anesthetic emersion, for the purpose of reducing recovery time of the state of consciousness), basic and psychomotor functions; as is the general multimodal anesthesia.

Cirugía de urgencia en pacientes con cáncer de colon complicado en Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García" / Emergency Surgery in Patients with Complicated Colon Cancer at General Calixto García University Hospital

Introducción: El cáncer de colon mantiene un importante impacto social y una alta morbilidad a pesar de programas de detección precoz existentes. Ocupa el cuarto lugar entre los tumores malignos y un número importante de pacientes son operados de urgencia por las complicaciones de esta enfermedad, muchas veces desconocida hasta el momento de la cirugía. Objetivo: Caracterizar la cirugía de urgencia realizada a los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de colon complicado. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2016, en el Servicio de Cirugía General. La muestra fue de 96 pacientes portadores de esta entidad en el Hospital Universitario "General Calixto García". Resultados: Se analizó la incidencia según sexo, relación sexo/localización, relación localización/complicación, estadificación y mortalidad. Prevalecieron los tumores de colon en el sexo femenino y por ende fueron más frecuente las pacientes con complicaciones quirúrgicas por esta entidad en nuestro centro. Predominó la localización derecha globalmente, con predominio femenino. La oclusión intestinal fue la complicación más frecuente. Sobresalió el estadio II según TNM con un 37,5 por ciento y una mortalidad postoperatoria del 31 por ciento. Conclusiones: Nuestros datos coinciden con la tendencia nacional sobre la mayor incidencia del cáncer de colon en pacientes femeninas, son estas las que mayor tasa de morbilidad y mortalidad reportan. Seguir perfeccionando el programa de prevención y detección temprana de la entidad y su tratamiento oportuno causará la reducción de los índices que hoy se exhiben(AU)

Introduction: Colon cancer still has an important social impact and high morbidity despite existing early detection programs. It ranks fourth among malignant tumors, while a significant number of patients undergo emergency surgery for complications of this disease, many times unknown until the time of surgery. Objective: To characterize the emergency surgery performed to patients with a diagnosis of complicated colon cancer. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out, between January 2014 and December 2016, in the general surgery service. The sample consisted of 96 patients with this entity and from General Calixto García University Hospital. Results: The incidence was analyzed according to sex, sex/location relationship, location/complication relationship, staging and mortality. Colon tumors prevailed in the female sex and, therefore, patients with surgical complications from this entity were more frequent in our center. There right location predominated globally, with a predominance in the female sex. Intestinal obstruction was the most frequent complication. Stage two, according to the TNM classification, stood out, accounting for 37.5 percent, together with a postoperative mortality of 31 percent. Conclusions: Our data coincide with the national trend on the highest incidence of colon cancer in female patients, who account for the highest morbidity and mortality rates. Continuing to improve the entity's prevention and early detection program, as well as its timely treatment, will bring about a reduction in the rates nowadays reported(AU)

Expression and clinical significance of KIF20A in HER2-positive breast cancer / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To explore the expression and clinical significance of KIF20A in HER2-positive breast cancer.Methods:The clinicopathological characteristics of 82 cases of HER2-positive breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The expression of KIF20A in tissues was detected by immunohistochemical method, and the expression of KIF20A in HER2 overexpression breast cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. The mRNA level of KIF20A in HER2-positive breast cancer tissues and normal tissues adjacent to cancer were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.Results:The positive expression of KIF20A was in the nucleus, forming brown-yellow particles. In HER2-positive breast cancer tissues, the positive high expression rate of KIF20A is 57.3%, while it is mainly low or no expression in the adjacent tissues. The high expression of KIF20A is significantly correlated with tumor size and pTNM stage, while the correlation with age and tumor grade is not statistically significant. The results of bioinformatics analysis suggest that the high expression of KIF20A in invasive breast cancer is significantly related to poor disease-free survival.Conclusions:KIF20A is abnormally expressed in HER2-positive breast cancer, which is related to the tumor grade and pTNM stage of HER2 overexpression breast cancer, and the high expression of KIF20A indicates a poor prognosis.

Expression of Bex1 and NF-kBp65 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and its significance / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the expression of brain expressed X-linked gene 1(Bex1) and nuclear factor-kBp65 (NF-kBp65) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma, and its significance.@*Methods@# Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Bex1 and NF-kBp65 in 60 tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and the relationships between Bex1, NF-kBp65 and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients were analyzed.@*Results @#The positive expression rate of Bex1 in TSCC was 48.3% (29/60), which was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues 88.3% (53/60) (x2=22.18, P < 0.01). The positive rate of Bex1 was negatively correlated with TNM stage, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The positive rate of 63.3% (38/60) in TSCC was significantly higher than 20% (12/60) in adjacent normal tissues (x2=23.18, P < 0.01), the positive rate of NF-kBp65 was positively correlated with TNM stage, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). According to the Pearson correlation analysis results, the expression of Bex1 and NF-kBp65 in TSCC tissues was negatively correlated (r=-0.302, P=0.019). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the survival rate of Bex1 positive patients was significantly higher than that of Bex1 negative patients.@*Conclusion @#In TSCC tissues, the low positive expression rate of Bex1 and the high positive expression rate of NF-kBp65 may promote tumor invasion and metastasis, and the negative expression of Bex1 may be related to the poor prognosis of patients.

Disputes over the validity extent of surgical resection for gallbladder carcinoma based on the new TNM staging system / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Radical surgical resection is the most important method for the treatment of gallbladder carcinoma, and TNM cancer staging is an important basis for making surgical decisions. However, there is no standard for the selection of surgical methods and validity extent of surgical resection. Based on the AJCC 8th Edition Cancer Staging System, the paper makes a systematic review of the situation and disputes regarding the extent of surgical resection for gallbladder carcinoma.

Le cancer de sein diagnostiqué chez l'homme à Kinshasa: à propos de 4 cas / NA

Même si les seins des hommes sont moins développés que ceux des femmes, La littérature mondiale note que le cancer du sein chez l'homme intervient dans moins de 1 % des cas des cancers, et traditionnellement les hommes avec cancer du sein présentent un risque spécial de développer un autrecancer. Les métastases du cancer du sein sont prioritairement au niveau des os avec 62 %. Les causes du cancer du sein chez l'homme demeurent encore inconnues, toutefois les facteurs de risque qui sont documentés concernent les antécédents familiaux du cancer de sein, une prédisposition génétique dans environ 15 % de cas de cancer du sein chez l'homme, liée à une mutation génétique héritée du gène BRCA2. Durant une année (2020), nous avons reçu 4 patients avec cancer de sein au Centre d'imagerie médicale Kokolo à Kinshasa, 3 patients résidants à Kinshasa et un patient venu de la province voisine du Kongo Central; et les investigations sonographiques nous ont permis de classer ces masses tumeur maligne, d'où l'indication de la microbiopsie écho guidée. Cette dernière nous permis de conclure au carcinome infiltrant et l'immunohistochimie nous a permis de classer ces masses en Luminal à cause de la positivité des récepteurs ostrogéniques, les rendant éligibles au schéma tamoxifène. Le cancer de sein est donc aussi une réalité chez l'homme congolais de Kinshasa et du Kongo Central.

Even if men's breasts are less developed than those of women, World literature notes that breast cancer in men occurs in less than 1% of cancer cases, and traditionally men with breast cancer have a special risk of developing another cancer. Breast cancer metastases are primarily in the bones with 62%. The reasons of breast cancer in men are still unknown, however the risk factors that are documented relate to a family history of breast cancer, a genetic predisposition in about 15% of breast cancer cases in humans, linked a genetic mutation inherited from the BRCA2 gene. During the year 2020, we received 4 male patients with breast cancer at the Kokolo Medical Imaging Center in Kinshasa, 3 patients residing in Kinshasa and one patient from the neighboring province of Kongo Central; and sonographic investigations allowed us to classify these malignant tumor masses, hence the indication for echo-guided microbiopsy

Validation of the UICC eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To evaluate the 8th edition of the TNM classification in an independent cohort of Chinese lung cancer patients. Methods: Using the UICC 7th and 8th editions of the TNM classification, we retrospectively analyzed 3,825 Chinese patients who were diagnosed with stage to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and received surgical treatment. A survival analysis of each subgroup was carried out using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the differences between subgroups. Results: In total, 906 (23.7%) patients were redefined as having a new pStage and shifted to a higher pStage group in the 8th edition. On the basis of the 8th edition of the TNM classification, the differences between every two adjacent stage groups were found to be significant, except between A1 and A2 (P=0.057). Significant differences were observed between every two adjacent groups stratified by the T and N descriptors. Besides, significant differences were observed between M0 and M1a (P<0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed between M1a and M1b (P=0.397). Conclusions: Compared with the 7th edition of the TNM classification, the 8th edition provides more accurate prognostic information, particularly among NSCLC patients at pathologic stages A1, A2, and A3.

Optimization of TNM staging and control of pathological quality in gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Comprehensive treatment of gastric cancer is mainly based on the pathological staging. The T stage mainly depends on the accurate determination of the depth of the tumor invasion. The accurate T stage should be standardized pathological examination and continuous sectioning. N stage may be influenced by the number of lymph node examined. Insufficient lymph node examined may lead to stage migration. Therefore, standardizing lymph node dissection and lymph node harvest after surgery is important. M stage is mainly to improve the detection rate of peritoneal lavage cytology (CY), identify high risk factors for peritoneal metastasis, and optimize the prediction of peritoneal metastasis molecular markers, as a complementary methods of clinical examination. Currently, the quality of standardized pathological diagnosis of gastric cancer in China still needs to be improved. This article mainly elucidates the related studies and clinical experience of our center on how to do better in the optimization of gastric cancer TNM staging and pathological quality control.

Prognostic Factors of N2 Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer after Surgery / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Patients with N2 stage non-small cell lung cancer have prognostic heterogeneity, and this study attempted to explore the prognostic factors among those patients.@*METHODS@#Patients with N2 stage undergoing radical resection in Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China hospital, Sichuan University between January 2007 and December 2016 were included. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to explore the prognostic value of clinicopathological features. Survival curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier method. Subgroup analyses considering the situation of lymph node involvement were performed.@*RESULTS@#In total, 773 patients were included. The median follow-up time was 57.2 months, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 34.8%. Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, number of involved lymph node stations, skip metastasis, lymphatic or vascular invasion and adjuvant chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. The patients with stage T1-3 had similar prognosis, while the patients with stage T4 had worse survival. In addition, the patients with single station involvement and skip metastasis had the best prognosis with a 5-years overall survival rate of 48.9%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#T4 stage patients had worse survival in N2 group. To get a more precisely stratification, skip metastasis and number of involved lymph node stations should be considered in future N stage classification.

A Retrospective Study of Histopathology and Clinical Correlation of Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Tertiary Medical College, India

Background: The study was conducted to understand the clinical solution of renal cell carcinoma. Correlation was done by clinical presentation with radiological features and histopathology of renal cell carcinoma. The stress upon to understand the necessity for a team-approach between Clinician, Radiologist and Pathologist and vice versa is emphasized. Aim: Histopathology and Clinical Correlation of Renal cell carcinoma. Methods: The total number of renal tumours studied during the 8 years period was 45 cases among which 25 cases were diagnosed by histopathology as various types of renal cell carcinoma conclusively. This is a retrospective study of renal tumours, diagnosed by histopathology as various types of renal cell carcinoma. All the relevant clinical data of the patients were searched from the ward records. The various Radiological features were collected. Results: The total number of renal tumours studied during the 8 years period was 45 cases among which 25 cases were diagnosed by histopathology as various types of renal cell carcinoma conclusively. MRI provides molecular information with regard to renal cell carcinoma and potentially aid in biopsy planning. The total cases reported in the department is twenty five vases out of which sixteen cases are attending follow up after 3 years. Conclusion: The Fuhrman grading of renal cell carcinoma correlated grading of renal cell carcinoma. Preoperative radiological classification can be used as a supplement to the histopathological grading. Renal cell carcinoma needs correlation between Radiologist, Pathologist and Clinician.