Caracterización de marcadores de células madre tumorales en cáncer escamocelular de cavidad oral

Introducción: El cáncer escamocelular de cavidad oral es una patología con bajas tasas de sobrevivencia. Cuando no es tratado adecuadamente es un tumor de alta recurrencia y resistente al tratamiento. Nuevas hipótesis plantean que las células tumorales progenitoras por sus propiedades de auto renovación, iniciación tumoral, migración y metástasis pueden ser responsables de la manutención y renovación de este tumor. Sin embargo, aún no existe un consenso sobre la verdadera participación de ellas, debido a que su identificación y caracterización es aún un reto experimental. Objetivo: En este trabajo se busca detectar células con expresión de marcadores de células tumorales Progenitoras en muestras cáncer escamocelular de cavidad oral y relacionarlo con los estadios de diferenciación del tumor. Metodología: En esta investigación se tomaron 32 muestras de pacientes con carcinoma escamocelular de cavidad oral. Se logró detectar in situ, mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia, cuatro reconocidos marcadores de células tumorales progenitoras. Resultados: Se identificaron los marcadores OCT4, SSEA4, NANOG y TRA-1-60 en los diferentes estadios de diferenciación tumoral, lo que sugiere la participación de las células progenitoras tumorales en la evolución de esta patología. Conclusiones: El establecimiento y correcta identificación de las células tumorales progenitoras abre nuevas vías terapéuticas para el abordaje de este tumor, en busca de mejorar el pronóstico, tasa de sobrevivencia y calidad de vida del paciente.

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is a pathology with poor survival rates. When it is not adequately treated, it is a tumor with high recurrence and resistance to treatment. According to new hypotheses, progenitor tumor cells, due to their properties of self-renewal, tumor initiation, migration, and metastasis, could be responsible for the maintenance and renewal of this tumor. However, there is still no consensus on their true participation, subsequent to difficult in their identification and characterization. Materials and methods: In this research, 32 samples provided from patients diagnosis with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were used. To detect specific markers progenitor tumor cells were used immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: The cells markers OCT4, SSEA4, NANOG and TRA-1-60 were identified in the different stages of the tumor samples, all these findings suggest the role of tumor progenitor cells in the evolution of this pathology. Conclusions: The establishment and correct identification of the progenitor tumor cells provide new therapeutic options for the approach of this tumor seeking to improve the prognosis, survival rate and quality of life of the patient.

Manejo estomatológico de mínima intervención en paciente pediátrico con tetralogía de Fallot: Reporte de caso / Gestão estomatológica com intervenção mínima em paciente pediátrico com tetralogia de Fallot: relatório de caso / Minimal intervention dentistry in a pediatric patient with tetralogy of Fallot: case report

La tetralogía de Fallot es la cardiopatía congénita cianótica más frecuente, su prevalencia es del 0,08% afectando aproximadamente a 1 de cada 8.500 nacidos vivos. El manejo de pacientes con cardiopatía congénita representa un desafío para el odontopediatra, ya que requiere conocimientos y habilidades específicas. La odontología de mínima intervención permite ofrecer a los pacientes un tratamiento gentil, mejorando el abordaje conductual ayudando a la adaptación del paciente al tratamiento dental. El objetivo de este reporte consiste describir el manejo estomatológico con odontología de mínima intervención en una paciente femenina de 5 años de edad con diagnóstico de tetralogía de Fallot. Conclusión: la odontología de mínima intervención fue eficaz para el tratamiento de paciente con cardiopatía congénita aportando herramientas significativas destinadas a mejorar la conducta, brindando tratamientos sencillos, rápidos y conservadores. Dando la posibilidad de este tipo de tratamientos en cualquier otro paciente con compromiso médico

A tetralogia de Fallot é a cardiopatia congênita cianótica mais comum, com uma prevalência de 0,08%, afetando aproximadamente 1 em 8.500 nascidos vivos. O tratamento de pacientes com cardiopatias congênitas representa um desafio para os dentistas pediátricos, pois requer conhecimentos e habilidades específicas. A odontologia de intervenção mínima permite oferecer aos pacientes um tratamento gentio, melhorando a abordagem comportamental e ajudando na adaptação do paciente ao tratamento odontológico. O objetivo deste relatório é descrever o tratamento estomatológico com intervenção odontológica mínima em um paciente de 5 anos diagnosticado com tetralogia de Fallot. Conclusão: A odontologia com intervenção mínima foi eficaz no tratamento de pacientes com doenças cardíacas congênitas, fornecendo ferramentas significativas destinadas a melhorar o comportamento, oferecendo tratamentos simples, rápidos e conservadores. Ela oferece a possibilidade deste tipo de tratamento em qualquer outro paciente com comprometimento médico

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease, with a prevalence of 0,08%, affecting approximately 1 in every 8,500 live births. Treatment patients with congenital heart disease represents a challenge for pediatric dentists, it requires specific knowledge and skills. Minimal intervention dentistry allows offering patients a gentle treatment, improving the behavioral approach and helping the patient's adaptation to dental treatment. The aim of this report is to describe the management with minimal intervention dentistry in a 5-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot. Conclusion: Minimal intervention dentistry was effective in the treatment of patients with congenital heart disease, providing significant tools aimed at improving behavior, offering simple, fast and conservative treatments. It gives the possibility of this type of treatment in any other patient with medical compromise.

Tra2β Enhances Cell Proliferation by Inducing the Expression of Transcription Factor SP1 in Cervical Cancer / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#In this study, the role and potential mechanism of transformer 2β (Tra2β) in cervical cancer were explored.@*METHODS@#The transcriptional data of Tra2β in patients with cervical cancer from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and cBioPortal databases were investigated. The functions of Tra2β were evaluated by using Western blot, MTT, colony formation, Transwell assays, and nude mouse tumor formation experiments. Target genes regulated by Tra2β were studied by RNA-seq. Subsequently, representative genes were selected for RT-qPCR, confocal immunofluorescence, Western blot, and rescue experiments to verify their regulatory relationship.@*RESULTS@#The dysregulation of Tra2β in cervical cancer samples was observed. Tra2β overexpression in Siha and Hela cells enhanced cell viability and proliferation, whereas Tra2β knockdown showed the opposite effect. Alteration of Tra2β expression did not affect cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, tumor xenograft models verified that Tra2β promoted cervical cancer growth. Mechanically, Tra2β positively regulated the mRNA and protein level of SP1, which was critical for the proliferative capability of Tra2β.@*CONCLUSION@#This study demonstrated the important role of the Tra2β/SP1 axis in the progression of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.

IFTAK KSHARA SUTRA TECHNIQUE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF INTERSPHINCTERIC PERIANAL FISTULA–IN–ANO–A CASE STUDY

An internal opening (primary opening) in the anal canal or rectum and an exterior opening (secondary opening) in the perianal skin combine to form a ?stula-in-ano, an infiammatory track. Unhealthy fibrous tissue and granulation tissue line this tract. Intersphicteric fistulas are ones that cross the internal sphincter and then have a tract to the outside of the anus leading1. The prevalence of an anal abscess-induced fistula-in-ano ranged from 26% to 38%.In men,the prevalence is 12.3 cases per 100,000 population and in women, it is 5.6 cases per 100,000 population2. Fistula-in-ano is a complicated disease, its signs and symptoms which resembles bhagandara disease described in ?yurved?. ?c?rya su?ruta mentioned this disease under aa mah?gad?s which means difficult to cure. For the management of this painful disease many treatment modalities are enumerated in ?yurved? classics and k?ra s?tra therapy is one among them which is proved to be gold standard. Though k?ra s?tra therapy is a big revolution in the field of fistula in ano, but it has some disadvantages like it is time consuming process, severe post-procedural pain, and big scar marks. In the present case report,A 24yr old male p/t c/o pain and swelling in perianal region since three months and successfully managed with IFTAK (Interception of Fistulous tract and application of Ksharsutra) technique. which showed a greatpotential in management by minimizing the duration of treatment, mild post procedural pain and minimum scar mark

Influence of different injection time of carbon nanoparticle tracer on the acquisition of lymph nodes in adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction treated by neoadjuvant chemoradio-therapy combined with surgical resection: a prospective study / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the influence of different injection time of carbon nanoparticle tracer on the acquisition of lymph nodes in adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junc-tion (AEG) treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) combined with surgical resection.Methods:The prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 120 AEG patients who were treated by nCRT combined with surgical resection in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 2020 to March 2021 were selected. Based on random number table, patients were allocated into two groups. Patients undergoing endoscopic injection of carbon nanoparticle tracer 24 hours before nCRT were allocated into the experiment group, and patients undergoing endoscopic injection of carbon nanoparticle tracer 24 hours before surgical resection were allocated into the control group. All patients received the same plan of nCRT combined with D 2 radical gastrectomy. Observation indicators: (1) grouping situations of the enrolled patients; (2) surgical and postoperative pathological situations; (3) postoperative complications and treatment. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the independent sample t test. Measurement date with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data was analyzed using the non-parameter rank sum test. Results:(1) Grouping situations of the enrolled patients. A total of 120 patients were selected for eligibility. There were 85 males and 35 females, aged (60±9)years. There were 60 patients in the experiment group and 60 patients in the control group, respectively. (2) Surgical and postoperative pathological situations. Patients in the two groups underwent D 2 radical gastrectomy successfully, with R 0 resection. The number of lymph nodes harvest, the number of lymph nodes stained, the number of metastatic lymph nodes stained, the number of micro lymph nodes, the number of inferior mediastinal lymph nodes, the number of inferior mediastinal lymph nodes stained, cases in postoperative pathological stage N0, stage N1, stage N2, stage N3a were 40.6±13.9,20.1±7.7, 1.0(0,3.0), 8.1±2.8, 3.7±1.3, 2.0(1.0,2.0), 18, 13, 23, 6 in patients of the experiment group, respectively. The above indicators were 30.4±8.3, 12.7±3.5, 0(0,1.0), 6.2±2.0, 2.4±1.2, 1.0(0,1.0), 23, 21, 15, 1 in patients of the control group, respectively. There were significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=-5.01, 6.85, Z=-3.78, t=-4.04, -5.57, Z=-5.48, -2.12, P<0.05). (3) Postoperative complications and treatment. There were 5 cases of the experiment group and 7 cases of the control group with postoperative complications, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.37, P>0.05). The patients with postoperative complications were improved after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion:Compared with injection of carbon nanoparticle tracer 24 hours before surgical resection, injection of carbon nanoparticle tracer 24 hours before nCRT can improve the acquisition of lymph nodes in AEG treated by nCRT combined with surgical resection.

Glaucoma due to ciliary body cysts and pseudoplateau iris: a systematic review of the literature / Glaucoma associado a cistos de corpo ciliar e íris pseudoplateau: revisão sistemática da literatura

ABSTRACT The diagnosis of angle-closure glaucoma secondary to iridociliary cysts is challenging and lacks compiled literature support. We present a rare case of bilateral angle-closure glaucoma associated with pseudoplateau iris due to multiple ciliary cysts and conducted a systematic review of the literature to find similar case reports published between November 2006 and November 2016. Only 19 case reports present treatment modalities, and most cases required more than one therapeutic approach for controlling the intraocular pressure. Pseudoplateau iris attributed to iridociliary cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with narrow angles, particularly those with ocular hypertension and glaucoma, in which management is complex. In addition to gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy is considered the conclusive method for accurate diagnosis.

RESUMO O diagnóstico de glaucoma de ângulo fechado secundário a cistos iridociliares é desafiador e não possui suporte da literatura compilada. Apresentamos um caso bilateral raro de glaucoma de ângulo fechado associado à íris pseudoplateau devido a cistos ciliares múltiplos e realizamos uma revisão sistemática da literatura de relatos de casos similares publicados entre novembro de 2006 e novembro de 2016. Apenas 19 relatos de casos apresentaram as modalidades de tratamento e na maioria deles foi necessário mais de uma abordagem terapêutica para controlar a pressão intra-ocular. Íris pseudoplateau atribuída a cistos iridociliários deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes com ângulos estreitos, particularmente aqueles com hipertensão ocular e glaucoma, em que o manejo é complexo. Além da go nioscopia, a biomicroscopia ultra-sônica é considerada o método conclusivo para o diagnóstico correto.

Intubación selectiva evaluada con ecografía en neonato pretérmino llevado a corrección de atresia esofágica tipo C. Reporte de caso / Ultrasound-guided selective intubation in a preterm neonate undergoing type-C esophageal athresia correction. Case report

Abstract Introduction: Neonatal patients presenting with tracheoesophageal fistula represent a challenge to the anesthesiologist due to the multiple difficulties this pathology involves for airway management. Case discussion: Following is a description of a case of a neonate undergoing tracheoesophageal fistula repair using ultrasound-guided orotracheal intubation as an adjunct to selective intubation. Conclusion: Perioperative ultrasound is a promising tool for airway management of the pediatric patient. Further studies to assess the possibility to position the technique as a standard of care are needed.

Resumen Introducción: Los pacientes neonatales con fístula traqueoesofágica representan un reto para el anestesiólogo dadas las dificultades en el manejo de la vía aérea que esta patología supone. Presentación del caso: A continuación se expone un caso de un neonato llevado a corrección de fístula traqueoesofágica con intubación orotraqueal guiada por ultrasonido como técnica adjuvante a la intubación selectiva. Conclusion: La ultrasonografía perioperatoria en el manejo de la vía aérea del paciente pediático constituye una herramienta prometedora que requiere de estudios adicionales para evaluar la posibilidad de posicionarla como un estándar de cuidado.

La Formazione Interprofessionale, l'Esperienza Del Corso Di "Salute Globale," Nell'Università Di Bologna - Italia / Interprofessional training, the experience of the "global health" course at the University of Bologna - Italy

Obiettivo: obiettivo della ricerca è valutare gli effetti della formazione interprofessionale ed in comunità attraverso le percezioni degli studenti, dei docenti e dei tutor. Metodologia: la metodologia utilizzata è qualitativa, basata sulla ricerca-formazione-intervento. Sono stati utilizzati come materiali le valutazioni degli studenti, i diari di campo di studenti, tutor e docenti, le informazioni raccolte attraverso un focus group finale a cui hanno partecipano docenti, tutor e studenti volontari. I materiali sono stati analizzati attraverso l'analisi di contenuto e triangolati con le informazioni provenienti dalla letteratura. Risultati: la ricerca ha mostrato come la formazione interprofessionale rappresenti una sfida per docenti, tutor e studenti, perché necessita dello sviluppo di metaconoscenze e metacompetenze non appartenenti a nessun campo disciplinare, ma generate dal lavoro in equipe applicato a condizioni concrete del quotidiano. L'apprendimento di tali competenze è gravoso per gli studenti, perché mette in gioco conoscenze e modalità di lavoro anche molto differenti da quelle a cui sono abituati nella formazione disciplinare. D'altra parte, devono essere attentamente studiati e tenuti sotto controllo i fattori strutturali prossimi e distali che interferiscono con la formazione, a partire dalle relazioni tra professioni ed al curriculum occulto dei corsi di laurea. Conclusioni: l'impegno per lo sviluppo della formazione interprofessionale dovrebbe avvenire a livello di università e non di facoltà, coinvolgere la comunità con l'obiettivo di superare le barriere disciplinari e facilitare l'interazione degli studenti con i problemi complessi della comunità. La formazione interprofessionale richiede tempo, pertanto deve essere incorporata nei curriculum obbligatori e con un numero di crediti adeguato.

Objective: research objective is to evaluate the effects of community based inter-professional training through students, teachers and tutors perceptions. Methodology: we used a qualitative methodology, based on research- training-intervention framework. Materials used are students course evaluation, students', tutors' and lecturers' field notes, and information gathered through a final focus group. The materials were analyzed through content analysis and triangulated with literature findings.Results: research showed that interprofessional training represents a challenge for teachers, tutors and students. In fact, it requires the development of meta- knowledge and meta-competences not belonging to any disciplinary field, but generated through community based teamwork. Developing those skills is toilsome for students because it brings into play knowledge and working methods different from those they are used in their disciplinary fields. Moreover, proximal and distal structural factors, such as power relations between professions and effects of hidden curriculum, are involved in inter-professional training. These factors should be carefully studied, monitored and amended. Conclusions: the commitment to the development of inter- professional training should take place at the university level with the aim of overcoming disciplinary barriers and should encourage students' interaction with the complex problems of the community. The inter- professional training requires time and resources, so it should be incorporated into official curriculum with an adequate amount of academic credits.

Objetivo: o objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar os efeitos da formação interprofissional baseada na comunidade por meio de percepções de alunos, professores e tutores. Metodologia: utilizou-se uma metodologia qualitativa, baseada na estrutura de pesquisa- treinamento-intervenção. Os materiais utilizados são a avaliação do curso dos alunos, notas de campo dos alunos, dos tutores e dos professores e as informações coletadas por meio de um grupo de foco final. Os materiais foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo e triangulados com os achados da literatura. Resultados: a pesquisa mostrou que o treinamento interprofissional representa um desafio para professores, tutores e estudantes. De fato, isso requer o desenvolvimento de meta-conhecimento e meta-competências não pertencentes a qualquer campo disciplinar, mas geradas por meio do trabalho em equipe baseado na comunidade. Desenvolver essas habilidades é trabalhoso para os estudantes, porque põe em jogo conhecimentos e métodos de trabalho diferentes daqueles que são usados em seus campos disciplinares. Além disso, fatores estruturais proximais e distais, como relações de poder entre profissões e efeitos do currículo oculto, estão envolvidos na formação interprofissional. Esses fatores devem ser cuidadosamente estudados, monitorados e alterados. Conclusões: o compromisso com o desenvolvimento da formação interprofissional deve ocorrer no nível universitário, com o objetivo de superar as barreiras disciplinares e estimular a interação dos estudantes com os complexos problemas da comunidade. A formação interprofissional requer tempo e recursos, por isso deve ser incorporada ao currículo oficial com uma quantidade adequada de créditos acadêmicos.

Trabajo y salud en conductores de taxis / Working and health in taxi drivers

RESUMEN La conducción de taxis es una actividad potencialmente insalubre debido a las condiciones laborales que caracterizan la tarea, como la informalidad o la exposición a diferentes fuentes de riesgos para la salud. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue aportar información sobre las condiciones laborales, el estado de salud, los hábitos y las estrategias de afrontamiento de los conductores. En el estudio par ticiparon 421 conductores de taxi. Los datos se obtuvieron por medio de un cuestionario de auto-informe. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos sobre los diferentes aspectos estudiados. Los resultados indicaron que la jornada laboral típica era de 10 o 12 horas, que el riesgo de participar en un siniestro o de ser asaltado durante la jornada laboral era elevado, que los problemas de salud física y emocional más prevalentes eran dolores músculo-esqueléticos, mal humor e irritabilidad, sensación de cansancio y ansiedad, que los hábitos alimenticios eran poco saludables y bajos los niveles de actividad física, y que las estrategias de afrontamiento típicas eran de carácter paliativo e individual. El artículo aporta datos con una población latinoamericana, una región en la que no se ha generado mucha evidencia empírica sobre el problema. Se brindan recomen daciones para posibles intervenciones preventivas.

ABSTRACT Taxi driving is a potentially unhealthy activity due to working conditions such as piecework or the exposure to different sources of health risk. Some of the typical problems in the industry have been widely studied (e.g. car crashes) while others have received less attention (e.g. coping strategies). Moreover, most of the research comes from Anglo-Saxon, European or Eastern coutries. Much less is known about the problem in Latin America. The aim of the present paper was to study working condi tions and health status in taxi drivers from a Latinamerican country. The study include different aspects of the problem that have been previously studied separately. Participants were 42 taxi drivers, mostly male. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Participants gave information about their working conditions, health status, healthy and unhealthy habits, and coping strategies. Results indicated that the typical working day of a taxi driver ranges from 10 to 12 hours; that drivers have an elevated risk of being involved in a car crash or an assault; that the most prevalent physical or emotional problems are musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, bad mood, irritability, anxiety, and sleep disorders; that unhealthy eating habit and low levels of pshysical activity prevail; and that coping strategies are mainly palliative and individual. Finally, some recommendations for the development of preventive actions are given.

To Discuss the Treatment with the Pathogenesis of Weak Yang and Stringy Yin in Golden Chamber in Atherosclerosis / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore the application of the pathogenesis of"weak yang and stringy yin"in the treatment of atherosclerosis. [Methods] Analyze the symptoms and prescriptions of atherosclerosis in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, and refer to the literatures on the prescriptions. To describe the concept of atherosclerosis from the "virtual" and "real" two aspects of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; access to the literature on the anti-cut Guibao White Liquor Soup, Gualou Xiebai Pinellia Decoction, Guizhi Tang, Guizhi Decoction, Ginseng Decoction, Jizhi Amethyst Decoction, Aconitum Red Stone Pills, Rhubarb Pills and Dazhuai Decoction, and other classic prescriptions of the Golden Chamber. [Results] Although there was no disease of atherosclerosis in Chinese medicine, there were many descriptions of its symptoms and etiology and pathogenesis. "The virtual", "standard" were its main pathogenesis,"Golden Chamber"in the proposed"weak yang and stringy yin" theory, and created a large number of prescriptions, such as Gualou Xiebai white liquor soup, Gualou Xiebai Pinellia Soup, Citrus aurantium Decoction Guizhi Decoction, Guizhi Decoction, Ginseng Decoction, Jizhi Feizhi Decoction, Aconitum Red Stone Pills, Rhubarb Pills and Da Chai Hu Tang. According to the literature, "Golden Chamber" in these prescriptions can be used to treat atherosclerosis. [Conclusion] The general theory of the pathogenesis of"chest palsy"and"weak yang and stringy yin"in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is the same as the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. According to this pathogenesis Zhongjing created a large number of prescriptions, modern pharmacological studies have shown that they can treat atherosclerosis. Therefore, we can extend "weak yang and stringy yin" of the pathogenesis theory to the treatment of atherosclerosis. This treatment is worthy of our further exploration, for the present use, to be effective.

Effect of Sodium ferulate on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the influence of Sodium fer-ulate ( SF) on bone metabolism in glucocorticoid–in-duced osteoporosis rats. Methods Thirty cases of fe-male Wistar Rats(3-month-old) were divided into con-trol group, model group and SF group ( low-dose group, middle-dose group, high-dose group ) by ran-domized block design. Double fluorochrome labeling with calcein was performed before necropsy. The left tibia was taken for bone histomorphometry. Results In static parameters, the proximal tibia cancellous bone trabecular thickness, trabecular quantity and area ratio were significantly reduced in model group compared with control group;while compared with model group, those were increased in middle and high-dose SF group. Trabecular separation degree was increased in model group compared with control group, while it was decreased in middle and high-dose SF group compared with model group. In dynamic parameters, the calcula-tion parameters of cancellous bone mark perimeter rate and the bone formation rate were increased in model group compared with control group, in middle and high-dose SF group the bone formation rate was in-creased compared with model group. In bone cells, os-teoclast number per mm, osteoblast number per mm, percent osteoblast surface perimeter and percent osteo-clast surface perimeter were increased in model group compared with control group. In growth-plate, the thickness of growth-plate was increased in model group compared with control group. In bone cells and growth-plate there was no statistical significance between treat-ment group and model group. Conclusion This study demonstrates that SF can increase bone mass and im-prove bone structure,which may be related to the im-provement of bone formation. SF is effective for GIOP in rats.

Human reproduction: current status / Reprodução humana: estado atual

SUMMARY The concern about the maintenance of the human species has existed since the earliest civilizations. Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility has led to the development of assisted reproductive techniques (ART) which, along with the evolution of genetics and molecular biology studies, have contributed in a concrete way to the management of infertile couples. Classic in vitro fertilization was initially developed 35 years ago for the treatment of women with tubal blockage, however, it remains inaccessible to a significant proportion of infertile couples around the world. This can be explained by the lack of specialized clinics in some countries and by the high cost of the procedures. Efforts have been employed to increase the number of treatment cycles for assisted reproduction, as for example, the creation of low-cost programs. Even today, infertility remains a problem of global proportions, affecting millions of couples. The estimate of the incidence of infertility is uncertain, mainly because of the criteria used for its definition. This article aims to review the most important aspects, succinctly, regarding the incidence, etiology, and treatment options available to infertile couples.

RESUMO A preocupação com a procriação e a manutenção da espécie humana existe desde as civilizações mais antigas. O progresso no diagnóstico e no tratamento da infertilidade teve como consequência o desenvolvimento de técnicas de reprodução assistida (TRA) que, conjuntamente com a evolução dos estudos em genética e biologia molecular, têm contribuído de maneira real no manejo dos casais inférteis. A fertilização in vitro clássica foi inicialmente desenvolvida há mais de 35 anos para o tratamento de mulheres com obstrução tubária, no entanto, essa terapêutica permanece ainda inacessível para uma considerável parte dos casais inférteis ao redor do mundo. Isso pode ser explicado pela falta de clínicas especializadas em alguns países e pelo alto custo dos procedimentos. Esforços têm sido empregados para aumentar o número de ciclos de tratamento em reprodução assistida, como, por exemplo, a criação de programas de baixo custo. Ainda nos dias atuais, a infertilidade permanece como um problema de proporções mundiais, acometendo milhões de casais. A estimativa da incidência da infertilidade é incerta, principalmente por causa dos critérios utilizados para sua definição. Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar os aspectos mais importantes, de forma sucinta, referentes a incidência, etiologia e alternativas terapêuticas disponíveis para os casais inférteis.

Application of single-dose dexmedetomidine infusion in patients undergoing percutaneous dilatational tra-cheostomy / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of dexmedetomidine(DDM)under monitored anesthesia care(MAC)in oral and maxillofacial patients undergoing percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy(PDT).Methods:38 patients with oral and maxillofa-cial tumor undergoing PDT before surgery were randomly assigned into 2 groups(n =19).Patients in group D received a single-dose DDMof 0.5 μg/kg infused for 10 min;those in group Mreceived 2 mg of midazolam and 1 μg/kg of fentanil.Then all patients were given local anesthesia followed by PDT.MAP,HR and SpO2 were monitored before (T0 )and after drug administration (T1 ),at T2 (skin incision)and T3 (insert dilation catheter).Ramsay scorce,bucking,respiration depression and adverse cardiovascular reaction were recorded.All patients were followed up 24 h postoperatively for the observation of adverse recall of PDT.Results:Compared with T0 ,at T1 ,T2 MAP and HR in group D were lower,but MAP and HR at T3 in group Mwere higher(P <0.05).At T1 ,T2 and T3 ,MAP and HR in group D were significantly lower than those in group M(P <0.05).During operation,the incidence of bucking and respiration depression in group D was lower than that in group M(P <0.05).Conclusion:During PDT operation under MAC,a single-dose dexmedetomidine is effective in stablizing hemodynamics,reducing bucking and respiration depression.

Convocar al donante, efectos de su nominación / Convene the donor: purposes of its nomination

A partir de un recorte situacional extraído del film canadiense "Starbuck", se abordarán distintas temáticas sobre la utilización de las Tecnologías de Reproducción Asistida (TRA) principalmente en lo que respecta a la donación de gametos. Dicha situación nos remitirá a la pregunta por el padre, permitiendo esbozar interrogantes sobre los efectos que conllevaría ubicar al donante como actor partícipe de la constitución subjetiva y en el orden genealógico de la persona que es concebida a partir de estas técnicas

Starting from a situational cut taken from the Canadian film called "Starbuck", addressed different issues concerning the use of the Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) mainly in regards to the gamete donation. This situation we shall undoubtedly to the question of the father, can rough out questions about the effects associated with locating the donor as a participant actor of the subjective constitution and in genealogical order of the person who is conceived from these techniques

Par?metros de influ?ncia no ensaio de microtra??o de sistemas adesivos / Parameters that influence microtensile bond testing of adhesivesystems

The aim of this study was to provide a critical review of the literature regarding factors that can interfere with microtensile test results for enamel and dentin adhesive systems. Primarily, reports in English, Spanish, or Portuguese that were published between July 1994 and September 2009 and are catalogued in MEDLINE and BBO were used. Additionally, we compiled relevant articles found in the references of these articles anddissertations and theses available in electronic databases of Brazilian universities that examined factors that can influence implementationof the microtensile test at each stage. The search strategy included searching for the following key term groups: microtensile and test;microtensile and assay; microtensile and test and parameters; microtensile and test and factors; microtensile and specimen; microtracc?n andespecimen. We reviewed 25 selected articles and found that they showed that even after adjustment of test parameters, changes found in thedentin could be responsible for variations observed amongst results. This influence could potentially be reduced by using the cohesive strengthvalue of dentin adjacent to the adhesive interface as a standard for comparison, but more studies are needed to confirm whether such anapproach would be reliable. Data analysis methodology should be taken into account when comparing studies.

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revis?o cr?tica da literatura sobre os fatores que podem interferir nos resultados do teste de microtra??ode sistemas adesivos ao esmalte ou dentina. Foram utilizados trabalhos publicados nas bases de dados eletr?nicas MEDLINE e BBO, em ingl?s,espanhol ou portugu?s, entre julho de 1994 e setembro de 2009, refer?ncias destes artigos, al?m de disserta??es e teses dispon?veis em bancos de dados eletr?nicos de universidades brasileiras enfocando o estudo das vari?veis que podem influenciar cada fase da execu??o do ensaio de microtra??o. A estrat?gia de busca incluiu os termos: microtra??o e teste; microtra??o e ensaio; microtensile e test e parameters; microtensile e test e factors; microtensile e specimen; microtracci?n e esp?cimen. Os 25 artigos selecionados demonstraram que mesmo ap?s a padroniza??o de par?metros do ensaio, as altera??es encontradas na dentina podem ser respons?veis pela varia??o do resultado. Uma maneira de reduzir esta influ?ncia seria utilizar os valores de resist?ncia coesiva da dentina adjacente ? interface adesiva como padr?o de compara??o, por?m mais estudos s?o necess?rios. Aspectos relativos ? an?lise dos dados devem ser levados em considera??o quando se compara os estudos.

Representações e estratégias identitárias na experiência do artista / Identity representations and strategies in the artist's experience

O objetivo deste artigo é compreender os processos de construção das representações e estratégias identitárias utilizadas por artistas em três setores da cultura no Estado de São Paulo. Foram combinadas duas estratégias de coleta de dados: um survey e entrevistas em profundidade. Ao todo, 92 artistas aceitaram participar desta pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados com base em níveis de categorização e com o suporte de software específico. Os resultados mostram que o núcleo da representação identitária artística é formado pela auto-percepção do ar-tista como profissional vocacionado, dedicado à construção de uma obra capaz de mobilizar o outro e contribuir para um gênero estético. Já as estratégias identitárias mais comuns utilizadas são a exposição pública, o engajamento e desengajamento contínuo de projetos de duração limitada, o investimento no próprio desenvolvimento pessoal e estratégias de relacionamento com o público.

The paper's purpose is to understand the identity representation construction processes and identity strategies used by artists in three cultural segments in the State of São Paulo. Two data-gathering strategies have been combined: a survey and in-depth interviews. A total of 92 artists accepted taking part in the study. The data were analyzed based on categorization lev-els and with the support of specific computer software. The results show that the core of artis-tic identity representation is formed by the artist's self-perception as a professional with a calling, dedicated to the construction of a body of work capable of mobilizing others and con-tributing to an aesthetic genre. The most frequent identity strategies include public exposure, continuous engagement and disengagement from limited duration projects, investment in their own personal development, and public relationship strategies.

Retención, efectividad, cobertura y reacción sensitiva al tratamiento restaurativo atraumático modificado utilizando tres marcas de ionómero de vidrio en escolares de 7 a 8 años de zonas rurales de los departamentos de Sonsonate y Ahuachapán / Retention, effectiveness, coverage and sensitive reaction to the modified atraumatic restorative treatment using three brands of glass ionomer in schoolchildren aged 7 to 8 years old in rural areas of the departments of Sonsonate and Ahuachapán

Objetivo: Determinar retención, efectividad, cobertura y reacción sensitiva del TRAM, utilizando tres marcas de CIV, en escolares de 7 ­ 8 Años, de 3 escuelas públicas rurales, en Sonsonate y Ahuachapán. Materiales y métodos: El diseño corresponde a un experimento clínico aleatorizado, triple ciego con una muestra de 79 escolares distribuida en tres grupos. Se analizó las variables cobertura, efectividad, supervivencia y reacción sensitiva al TRAM empleando tres marcas de Ionómeros de Vidrio. Los datos se tabularon en Excel y procesaron en SPSS v18. Resultados: La prueba efectos inter-sujetos demostró que existe diferencia significativa en tiempos operatorios entre cementos (0.00R cuadrado= .559). La cobertura del TRAM según necesidad de obturaciones y SFF fue 28.08% y 100% respectivamente. La supervivencia a 3 meses fue 69.60% (Maxxion), 88.70(FujiIX) y 33.90% (Vitro Molar), al año fue de 28.70%, 62.60% y 17.40%. En lo referente a reacción sensitiva el 94.94% de niños mostraron tranquilidad antes del tratamiento, 82.28% no evidencio dolor durante procedimientos y 82.28% ausencia de dolor posterior al tratamiento. Conclusiones: El tiempo promedio para realizar un SFF fue de 00:07:05 y para una obturación de 00:07:52 si, existe diferencia significativa en tiempos promedios de tratamientos según cemento. La cobertura según necesidad de SFF es completa, para obturaciones es baja. Los tratamientos con Fuji IX presentaron la mayor sobrevida en boca. La técnica TRAM mostro gran aceptación por los pacientes.

Objective: To determine retention, effectiveness, coverage and sensitive reaction of the TRAM, using three marks of CIV, in schoolchildren aged 7 - 8, from 3 rural public schools, in Sonsonate and Ahuachapán. Materials and methods: The design corresponds to a randomized, triple-blind clinical experiment with a sample of 79 schoolchildren distributed in three groups. The variables coverage, effectiveness, survival and sensitive reaction to TRAM were analyzed using three brands of Glass Ionomers. The data were tabulated in Excel and processed in SPSS v18. Results: The inter-subject effects test showed that there is a significant difference in operative times between cements (0.00R squared = .559). TRAM coverage according to the need for fillings and SFF was 28.08% and 100% respectively. Survival at 3 months was 69.60% (Maxxion), 88.70 (FujiIX) and 33.90% (Vitro Molar), at one year it was 28.70%, 62.60% and 17.40%. Regarding a sensitive reaction, 94.94% of children were calm before treatment, 82.28% did not show pain during procedures and 82.28% did not show pain after treatment. Conclusions: The average time to perform a SFF was 00:07:05 and for a filling of 00:07:52 yes, there is a significant difference in average treatment times according to cement. SFF coverage according to need is complete, for fillings it is low. The treatments with Fuji IX had the highest survival in the mouth. The TRAM technique showed great acceptance by patients.

La fragmentación de ADN espermático, influencia sobre las técnicas de reproducción asistida y la calidad embrionaria / The influence of sperm DNA fragmentation on assisted reproduction techniques and embryo quality

Objetivo: presentar una revisión de la literatura sobre la fragmentación del ADN espermático, su impacto en las técnicas de reproducción asistida y la calidad embrionaria. Metodología: se utilizó la base de datos MEDLINE/PubMed. Los términos de búsqueda fueron: fragmentación espermática, parámetros seminales, técnicas de reproducción asistida y calidad embrionaria. Se revisaron los artículos publicados entre 1999 y 2010. Resultados: los estudios de fragmentación espermática proveen información complementaria acerca de la calidad espermática del paciente, siendo una prueba paralela al análisis seminal. Partiendo del diagnóstico de dichas pruebas se puede tomar la decisión acerca de la técnica de reproducción a emplear. Conclusión: el índice de fragmentación de ADN espermático es una herramienta valiosa para conocer la capacidad fecundante del paciente.

Objective: presenting a review of the literature about sperm DNA fragmentation, its impact on assisted reproduction techniques and embryo quality. Methodology: the MEDLINE/PubMed database was searched; the search terms used were: sperm fragmentation, semen parameters, assisted reproduction techniques and embryo quality. Articles published from 1999 to 2010 were reviewed. Results: sperm fragmentation studies provided complementary information about a patient’s sperm quality, this being a parallel test to semen analysis. Such tests’ diagnoses represent the starting point for taking decisions about the reproduction technique to be used. Conclusion: the sperm ADN fragmentation index represents a valuable tool for ascertaining a patient’s fertilising ability.

Reproducción asistida en Latinoamérica y Chile / Assisted reproductive techniques in Latin America and Chile

La principal fuente de información acerca de técnicas de reproducción asistida (TRA) en Latinoamérica es el Registro Latinoamericano de Reproducción Asistida (RLA). El RLA se estableció en 1990, y corresponde al primer registro multinacional del mundo. A pesar de su carácter voluntario, reporta más del 90 por ciento de las técnicas de reproducción asistida realizadas anualmente. En los últimos años se han consolidado en la región en general -y en Chile en particularlas tendencias de: mejoría de los resultados; aumento de la edad de las pacientes; fertilización de ovocitos por ICSI; y disminución de la media de embriones transferidos y, consecuentemente, de la frecuencia de partos múltiples. En Chile, siete centros reportan sus casos anualmente al RLA. La mayoría de los ciclos realizados en nuestro país son financiados por las propias parejas, con escasa cobertura por los seguros de salud. Esto se ha traducido en un aumento insuficiente en el acceso a TRA.

The RLA is the main source of information regarding assisted reproductive technologies (ART) procedures performed in the region. Established in 1990, the RLA is the oldest multinational and voluntary registry in the world, and accounts for more than 90 percent of regional ART procedures. Recently, the region (and Chile) has shown a tendency to improved outcomes; oocyte fertilization by means of ICSI; decrease in the number of transferred embryos and, consequently, of the frequency of multiple deliveries. Seven centres report in Chile. The majority of ART cycles performed are covered by the same couples, with minor support of health insurances. This lack of support is probably the main cause of the current insufficient access to ART.