Saúde mental de idosos: uma análise da série Unidade Básica (2016) / Mental health of older adults: an analysis of the series Unidade Básica(2016) / Salud mental del las personas mayores: un análisis de la serie Unidade Básica (2016)

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar dois episódios da primeira temporada da Unidade Básica (2016), a fim de identificar sentidos sobre a saúde mental de idosos. Esta série televisiva foi divulgada pela Universal Channel e escrita por Helena Petta, Newton Cannito e Ana Petta. Apenas dois episódios compõem o corpus desta pesquisa; os outros foram desconsiderados por não abordarem o tema. O primeiro trata de Vilma, uma idosa que abandonou o autocuidado por causa da depressão, e o quarto fala sobre Eraldo, um idoso que ficou depressivo em razão de problemas financeiros, amorosos e alcoólicos. A análise de narrativas será utilizada como metodologia, possibilitando a identificação e a interpretação crítica dos sentidos sobre idosos e saúde mental. De forma geral, os resultados revelaram que os episódios não seguem uma visão holística, desconsiderando, portanto, a necessidade de cuidar da saúde física e mental das pessoas idosas para lhes proporcionar bem-estar.

This article aims to analyze two episodes of the first season of Unidade Básica (2016) in order to identify meanings about the mental health of older adults. This series was broadcast by Universal Channel and written by Helena Petta, Newton Cannito and Ana Petta. Only two episodes compose the corpus of this research; the others were disregarded because they do not deal with the theme. The first episode narrated the story of Vilma, an older woman who was depressed and then abandoned self-care. The fourth episode was about Eraldo, an older man who became depressed due to his financial, love and alcoholic problems. The narrative analysis was used as a methodology, enabling the identification and critical interpretation of meanings about older people and mental health. In general, the results reveal that the episodes do not follow a holistic view, disregarding the need to take care of physical and mental health to provide the well-being of them.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar dos episodios de la primera temporada de Unidade Básica(2016) con el fin de identificar significados sobre la salud mental de los adultos mayores. Esta serie fue transmitida por Universal Channel y escrita por Helena Petta, Newton Cannito y Ana Petta. Sólo dos episodios constituyen el corpus de esta investigación; los demás fueron descartados por no retratar el tema. El primer episodio narra la historia de Vilma, una mujer la tercera edad que abandonó el autocuidado a causa de su estado de depresión. El cuarto episodio fue sobre Eraldo, un hombre también de la tercera edad, que se deprimió por problemas económicos, amorosos y alcohólicos. Se utilizó como metodología el análisis narrativo, que permitió la identificación e interpretación crítica de significados sobre las personas mayores y la salud mental. En general, los resultados revelan que los dos episodios no siguen una visión holística, desconociendo la necesidad de cuidar de la salud física y mental para proporcionar bienestar a las personas mayores.

A STUDY ON BUYING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS BRANDED TELEVISION PRODUCTS IN MYSORE CITY, KARNATAKA

Television is one of the important human needs in life, as it provides huge information and entertainments in various modes. Television industry changed drastically with the advent of latest models, technologies and various features relating to the physical appearance of the television. Customers consider many factors before making a purchase decision in buying a television. This paper is an attempt to study the consumer behavior towards various television brands. The researcher considered signi?cant factors such as media exposure, brand preference and brand awareness to in?uence purchase behavior.

Singularizar una muerte digna / Singularize a dignified death

¿Pueden las ficciones televisivas devenir una vía regia para abordar el espinoso problema de la "buena muerte" ­euthanasía­? La Ley de Muerte Digna promulgada en Argentina en 2012 y aplicada por primera vez en 2015 integra el grupo de los llamados "nuevos derechos". Su adecuada comprensión y aplicación requiere de conocimientos del campo jurídico y de la subjetividad. Este artículo analiza un episodio de la primera temporada de la serie Ps! (Calligaris, HBO, 2014). Se trata del caso de una anciana que transita una enfermedad irreversible, y cuyos hijos no acuerdan cómo encarar la fase final de su vida. La entrada de un psicoanalista en la situación permite un movimiento que ejemplifica el valor singular de la asunción del derecho a la muerte digna. Lo que proponemos con la fórmula: Singularizar un derecho.

Can television fictions become a royal way to tackle the thorny problem of the "good death" - euthanasia -? The Dignified Death Law enacted in Argentina in 2012 and applied for the first time in 2015 is part of the group of so-called "new rights". Its proper understanding and application requires knowledge of the legal field and subjectivity. This article analyzes an episode of the first season of the series Ps! (Calligaris, HBO, 2014). This is the case of an old woman who is experiencing an irreversible disease, and whose children do not agree on how to face the final phase of her life. The entry of a psychoanalyst into the situation allows a movement that exemplifies the singular value of the assumption of the right to a dignified death. What we propose with the formula: Singularize a right.

Comparative study on icariin and Bu-Shen-Gu-Chi-Wan for alveolar reconstruction in chronic periodontitis in rats / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To observe the effects of icariin (ICA) and Bu-Shen-Gu-Chi-Wan on the alveolar bone absorption of chronic periodontitis in rats, and to explore the effect and possible mechanism of ICA in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. @*Methods@#After the establishment of the periodontitis model, the rats were divided into the periodontitis group (group P), ICA high dose group (group H), ICA low dose group (group L) and Bu-Shen-Gu-Chi-Wan treatment group (group B). Each group received treatment for one month and two months, separately, and the serum osteocalcin (OCN) level was measured. Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed after micro computed tomography (micro CT) scanning to measure the bone parameters of specific points, and the distance between the enamel cementum boundary and alveolar crest (CEJ-ABC) was recorded as alveolar bone resorption value. Tissue sections were generated to evaluate the effect of ICA on alveolar bone repair and reconstruction in rats with experimental periodontitis. @*Results@# Compared with the periodontitis group (group P), OCN levels in the serum in treatment groups (groups H, L and B) were decreased significantly (P < 0.05); the values of bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N) in treatment groups (groups H, L and B) were significantly higher than that in group P (P < 0.05). Compared with group P, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) values of groups H and B significantly increased, and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) of groups H and B significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The changing trend of parameters in group L was the same as that in group H but only after two months of administration. The difference between Tb.Sp values in groups L and P was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with group P, the CEJ-ABC distance significantly reduced in group L (1 month and 2 months after administration), group H (1 month and 2 months after administration), and group B (only 2 months after administration) (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#ICA and Bu-Shen-Gu-Chi-Wan improve the alveolar bone resorption in an experimental model of chronic periodontitis in rats, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of osteocalcin serum levels.

Clube Atlético Mineiro e Cruzeiro Esporte Clube como experiência de lazer em bares da cidade de Montes Claros

Resumo Este artigo objetivou analisar o contexto social associado ao lazer nos jogos do Clube Atlético Mineiro e do Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, em bares de Montes Claros (MG), em 2016/17, com o uso de observação e aplicação de questionário semiestruturado. As análises convergiram em direção aos estudos de Gastaldo (2005a, 2005b), em Porto Alegre; Azevedo e Santos (2008) e Barral (2012), em Brasília; Origuela e Silva (2013) e Origuela (2014), em Piracicaba; e Abrantes (2015), em Belo Horizonte. Apesar da distância, a assistência aos jogos foi similar. Em Montes Claros, reduto de atleticanos e cruzeirenses, o bar assemelha-se a um estádio, torna-se um local de lazer da cidade.

Abstract This article aimed to analyze the social context associated with leisure in the matches of Clube Atlético Mineiro and Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, in bars of Montes Claros-MG, in the years 2016/17, using observation and application of semi-structured questionnaire. The analyzes converged towards the studies of Gastaldo (2005a, 2005b), in Porto Alegre; Azevedo and Santos (2008) and Barral (2012), in Brasília; Origuela and Silva (2013) and Origuela (2014), in Piracicaba; and Abrantes (2015), in Belo Horizonte. Despite the distance, the attendance at matches was similar. In Montes Claros, a stronghold of fans of both clubs, the bar resembles a stadium, becoming a place of leisure of the city.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el contexto social asociado con el ocio en los partidos del Club Atlético Mineiro y del Cruzeiro Esporte Clube en bares de Montes Claros-MG, en los años 2016 y 2017, utilizando la observación y la aplicación del cuestionario semiestructurado. Los análisis convergieron hacia los estudios de Gastaldo (2005a, 2005b) en Porto Alegre; Azevedo y Santos (2008) y Barral (2012) en Brasilia; Origuela y Silva (2013), y Origuela (2014) en Piracicaba, y Abrantes (2015) en Belo Horizonte. A pesar de la distancia, la asistencia a los partidos fue similar. En Montes Claros, bastión de los hinchas de los dos clubes, el bar se parece a un estadio, pues se convierte en un lugar de ocio de la ciudad.

A propaganda e os traços de personalidade em crianças / The propaganda and personality traits in children

O ato de consumir gradativamente tem se tornado sinônimo de felicidade, status e realização. A publicidade utiliza da comunicação para propagar suas ações criando novas necessidades de aquisição ocasionando efeitos de alegria e satisfação. Neste sentido, este enquadre poderia estar relacionado à consolidação de traços de personalidade nas crianças, considerando que estas se encontram em fase de desenvolvimento, ou seja, no processo de direcionamento dos traços de personalidade. Sendo assim, o presente estudo contou com a participação de 50 crianças com idade entre seis e 12 anos (M=9,31; DP=1,33), sendo 54% do sexo feminino e os respectivos responsáveis, por meio da aplicação de um questionário com questões relacionadas ao consumo de propaganda, além da Escala de Traços de Personalidade para Crianças (ETPC) com o objetivo de verificar tal correlação. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva de magnitude moderada do tempo de exposição à televisão com o traço de psicoticismo (0,47) e negativa de magnitude baixa com socialização (-0,36) indicando relação com os direcionamentos dos traços em sua formação.

Advertising uses of communication to propagate their actions creating new needs for acquisition, causing effects of joy and satisfaction. In this sense, this framework could be related to consolidation of personality traits in children, considering that they are in the development phase, i.e. the process of targeting of personality traits. Thus, the present study had the participation of 50 children aged between six and 12 years (Average =9,31; Standard Deviation =1,33), being 54% female and the respective responsible, through the application of a questionnaire with questions related to advertising, consumption beyond the Escala de Traços de Personalidade para Crianças (ETPC) in order to verify such a correlation. The results showed positive correlation of moderate magnitude of exposure time on TV with the Psychoticism dash (0.47) and low magnitude with negative socialization (-0.36) indicating the directions of strokes in your training.

Regulamentação de propagandas de alimentos veiculadas em canais de televisão abertos / Regulation of advertising of vehiculated foods in open television channels

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a regulamentação de propagandas de alimentos veiculadas em canais abertos de televisão. A pesquisa foi realizada em domicílio, através de um aparelho televisivo, durante 2 meses assistiu-se três emissoras de televisão de canal aberto tratadas como A, B e C no horário de: 08:00 às 12h, 17:00 às 18:00 e 19:00 às 22:00 horas de segunda a domingo, onde nesse intervalo foram anotadas todas e quaisquer propagandas que eram anunciadas sobre alimentação ou bebidas alcoólicas. Durante o período da coleta de dados, registrou-se um total de 127 propagandas de alimentos, onde a emissora A, obteve um total de 105 (83%), emissora B 12 (9%) e emissora C 10 (8%). Dentre as 127 propagandas assistidas durante o período de coleta, 62 foram registradas uma única vez, por conseguinte 65 propagandas foram repetidas. O estudo evidenciou que o regulamento técnico não tem sido cumprido. Ainda permitiu identificar que produtos com excesso de açúcar, sódio, gorduras e bebidas de baixo teor nutricional são largamente propagandeados pelos canais, revelando que propagandas publicitárias de alimentos exercem ampla influência sobre a alimentação da população de pessoas de todas as faixas etárias

The objective of this study was to evaluate the regulation of food advertising on open television channels. The survey was conducted at home, through a television set, during two months, three open channel television stations were treated as A, B and C from 08:00 a.m. to 12 p.m., 5:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. from Monday to Sunday, where in this interval were noted any advertisements that were advertised on food or alcoholic beverages. During the period of data collection, a total of 127 food advertisements were recorded, where the station A received a total of 105 (83%), B 12 (9%) and C 10 (8%). Of the 127 advertisements assisted during the collection period 62 were recorded only once, therefore 65 advertisements were repeated. The study showed that the technical regulation has not been complied with. It also allowed to identify that products with excess sugar, sodium, fats and drinks of low nutritional content are widely propagandized by the channels, revealing that advertising of foods exert a great influence on the feeding of the population of people of all the age groups.

Empathy and autonomic and hemodynamic cardiac responses / Empatia e Respostas Hemodinâmicas e Autonômicas Cardíacas

Abstract Hemodynamic and autonomic responses have been used as sensitive indicators of cardiovascular health in situations involving emotions. However, few studies evaluated these indicators when feelings result from vicarious experiences. This research aimed to verify if empathy measures would be associated with variations in blood pressure, heart rate, rate pressure product, and heart rate variability in young adults, after exposure to experimental situations. Results point out that hemodynamic and autonomic cardiac indicators were associated with dispositional and situational empathy. These results are discussed based on Martin Hoffman's theory and in the light of recent findings in the field of Psychophysiology.

Resumo Respostas hemodinâmicas e autonômicas têm sido utilizadas como indicadores sensíveis da saúde cardiovascular durante situações de cunho emocional. Todavia, ainda são escassos os trabalhos que avaliam esses indicadores quando os sentimentos produzidos ocorrem a partir de experiências vicárias. O presente estudo objetivou verificar se medidas de empatia estariam associadas a variações nos indicadores de pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, duplo produto e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em jovens adultos, após sua exposição a situações-estímulo. Os resultados indicam que indicadores hemodinâmicos e autonômicos cardíacos estiveram associados a componentes da empatia situacional e da empatia constitucional. Estes resultados são discutidos com base na teoria de Martin Hoffman e a partir de achados recentes no campo da Psicofisiologia.

The long coding RNA GSTM3TV2 acts an oncogene to promote chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer / 中华外科杂志

Objectives@#To examine the expression of the long coding RNA GSTM3TV2 in pancreatic cancer tissues and to examine its role and mechanism in chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells.@*Methods@#The expression of lncRNA GSTM3TV2 in 15 pancreatic cancer specimens and corresponding adjacent to cancer tissue samples diagnosed by Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital was detected by real-time PCR.And the expressions of GSTM3TV2 in pancreatic cancer cell AsPC-1, BxPC-3, MIAPaCa-2, PanC-1, SU86.86, T3M4, and chemoresistant cells AsPC-1/GR and MIAPaCa-2/GR, and human pancreatic nestin-expressing cells hTERT-HPNE were detected. Pancreatic cancer cell lines were transfected with GSTM3TV2-pcDNA3.1(+)in order to get cells with GSTM3TV2 overexpression.GSTM3TV2-siRNA was transfected into pancreatic cancer cells to knock down GSTM3TV2. The cell chemoresistance was measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assay when incubated with nab-paclitaxel. At the same time, subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were established in nude mice to observe the effect of GSTM3TV2 on chemoresistance of tumor growth in nude mice.Western blot assay was also performed to detect the molecular mechanism of chemoresistance of GSTM3TV2.@*Results@#Comparing toadjacent tissues(0.084±0.019), GSTM3TV2 expression was significantly upregulated in the pancreatic cancer tissues(0.493±0.084) (t=5.146, P<0.05). GSTM3TV2 expression were higher in the chemotherapy resistance pancreatic cancer cells AsPC-1/GR(210.799±19.788) and MIAPaCa-2/GR(122.408±23.419) than that in the AsPC-1(3.793±0.615) and the MIAPaCa-2(5.179±1.095)(t=21.800,P<0.05;t=-18.490,P<0.05). The results of in vivo experiments showed that the volume of subcutaneously transplanted tumors in the overexpressing GSTM3TV2 group ((1 059.609±102.498)mm3) was significantly larger than that in the control group((566.414±81.087) mm3) by treated with nab-paclitaxel(t=4.230,P<0.05).Meanwhile, GSTM3TV2 could promote the expression of Cyclin D1, CDK6, Cyclin E1, Vimentin, N-cadherin, ZEB1, Snail and Slug; but decrease cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP in pancreatic cancer cells.@*Conclusions@#The expression level of GSTM3TV2 in pancreatic canceris higher than that in paired adjacent tissues. GSTM3TV2 may act as an oncogene to promote chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer through regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Kinsenoside attenuates osteoarthritis by repolarizing macrophages through inactivating NF-B/MAPK signaling and protecting chondrocytes

The objective was to investigate the effect of kinsenoside (Kin) treatments on macrophage polarity and evaluate the resulting protection of chondrocytes to attenuate osteoarthritis (OA) progression. RAW264.7 macrophages were polarized to M1/M2 subtypes then administered with different concentrations of Kin. The polarization transitions were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), confocal observation and flow cytometry analysis. The mechanism of Kin repolarizing M1 macrophages was evaluated by Western blot. Further, macrophage conditioned medium (CM) and IL-1 were administered to chondrocytes. Micro-CT scanning and histological observations were conducted on anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mice with or without Kin treatment. We found that Kin repolarized M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, Kin inhibited the phosphorylation of IB, which further reduced the downstream phosphorylation of P65 in nuclear factor-B (NF-B) signaling. Moreover, Kin inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling molecules p-JNK, p-ERK and p-P38. Additionally, Kin attenuated macrophage CM and IL-1-induced chondrocyte damage. , Kin reduced the infiltration of M1 macrophages, promoted M2 macrophages in the synovium, inhibited subchondral bone destruction and reduced articular cartilage damage induced by ACLT. All the results indicated that Kin is an effective therapeutic candidate for OA treatment.

Nuevas áreas de vida ­ Revisión muerte súbita 2018 / New areas of life ­ Sudden death review 2018

Una de cada cinco muertes en adultos en países desarrollados se debe a causas cardiovasculares; la mitad de esas muertes se produce de forma súbita y un gran porcentaje en el ámbito extrahospitalario. Las medidas de prevención se dividen en: aquellas destinadas a prevenir en primer lugar que el evento de muerte súbita cardíaca suceda, y aquellas cuyo objetivo es actuar en el momento en que el evento de muerte súbita está sucediendo. Las primeras tienen como objetivo disminuir las principales causas de muerte súbita en países desarrollados: las cardiopatías estructurales (cuya principal causa es la enfermedad coronaria). En este sentido, con el fin de intentar paliar el desarrollo de una cardiopatía que predisponga a la aparición de arritmias fatales y la MSC, se implementan medidas de prevención primarias higiénico-dietéticas y farmacológicas (con el objetivo de disminuir y el controlar los factores de riesgo) y, en aquellos con enfermedad cardiovascular ya establecida, se implementan las estrategias secundarias farmacológicas y/o quirúrgicas (revascularización, reemplazo valvular, etc.). El segundo abordaje surge del hecho de que, a pesar de todas estas medidas, un gran número de pacientes presentará eventos arrítmicos en el ámbito extrahospitalario (MSCEH), ya sea porque aunque recibieron el tratamiento óptimo presentan aún un elevado riesgo de MSC, porque no fueron diagnosticados a tiempo o porque a pesar de haber hecho estudios complementarios el diagnóstico es muy dificultoso. Existen dos estrategias: la primera son los dispositivos de cardiodesfibrilación implantables (o, más recientes, los chalecos vestibles). Estos aparatos están indicados para una población seleccionada, sea por haber presentado ya un episodio de muerte súbita abortado, o por presentar una cardiopatía (estructural o genética) que predisponga a una mayor probabilidad de sufrir un evento. La segunda estrategia es la educación y el desarrollo de programas de salud pública que permitan capacitar a la población general en la realización de RCP y el uso de desfibriladores automáticos externos (DEAs), los cuales deberían estar disponibles en cualquier lugar público. Múltiples estudios demostraron que el acceso de la población general al aprendizaje de maniobras de RCP sencillas y pragmáticas y la presencia de DEAs se traduce en un gran aumento de sobrevida sin secuelas en víctimas de MSCEH. (AU)

One of every five deaths in adults is due to cardiovascular causes, in developed countries, and half of these deaths will occur suddenly. A large percentage occur in the out of hospital setting, so measures to prevent it are divided into: those designed to prevent, in the first place, the sudden cardiac death event from happening and those whose purpose is to act when the sudden death event that has already occurred and it´s ongoing. The first aims to reduce the main causes of sudden death in developed countries: structural heart disease (with coronary heart disease as its main cause). In this regard, with the purpose to mitigate the development of a heart disease that predisposes the occurrence of fatal arrhythmias and SCD, we have primary prevention measures, like healthy life style conduct with or without pharmacological treatment, (whose objective is the reduction and control of cardiovascular risk factors) and, in those with cardiovascular disease already established, there is an implementation of pharmacological and / or surgical strategies (Revascularization, valve replacement, etc.). The second objective arises from the fact that, despite all these preventive and therapeutic measures, a large number of patients will present out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) either because although they received optimal treatment they still remain in high risk of SCD, even because they were not diagnosed on time, or because despite having complementary studies made the diagnosis is very difficult. There are two well strategies: the first are implantable cardio-defibrillation devices (or, more recently, wearable vests). These are indicated for a selected population, either because they have already presented an episode of sudden aborted death, or because they have heart disease (structural or genetic), which predisposes to a greater probability of suffering an event. The second strategy is the education and development of public health programs that enable the general population to be trained in CPR and the use of external automatic defibrillators. (AEDs) should be available in any public place. Multiple studies showed that access to the general population for learning simple and pragmatic CPR maneuvers and the presence of AEDs is making an impact on a significant increase in survival without consequences in OHCA victims. (AU)

Uso de pantallas en niños pequeños en una ciudad de Argentina / Screen use among young children in a city of Argentina

La utilización de dispositivos móviles se ha generalizado en las familias, en todas las clases sociales y desde edades tempranas. Objetivos: Evaluar el uso de pantallas fijas y móviles en niños pequeños, el tiempo dedicado a actividades infantiles tradicionales y su relación con el nivel educativo materno. Material y métodos: Diseño descriptivo, transversal. Población: niños de 6 meses a 5 años atendidos en Río Cuarto, Córdoba, de julio a septiembre de 2016. Variables: demográficas, ingreso familiar, edad de comienzo, frecuencia de uso, minutos diarios, otras actividades. Resultados: Se incluyeron 160 encuestas; 99% de los hogares tenía televisión y 98,75%, smartphones. Promedio de aparatos electrónicos: 5,68; los de menores ingresos: 5,1 (DE 1,57); y los de mayores ingresos: 6,32 (DE 1,18) (p = 0,0000). Antes de los 2 años, 80,3% de los niños miraba televisión y 37,4% utilizaba pantallas táctiles con ayuda. Entre 2 y 4 años, 38,7% utilizaba pantallas sin ayuda. El 93% de los niños miró televisión y el 56% utilizó pantallas móviles con mucha frecuencia. Miraron un promedio de 75,6 minutos diarios de televisión y utilizaron otras pantallas 31,3 minutos; la lectura ocupó 20,4 minutos. Las madres con estudios terciarios dedicaron más tiempo a la lectura de libros que las que tenían estudios secundarios o primarios (análisis de la varianza: p = 0,00007). Conclusiones: El equipamiento tecnológico de los hogares es prácticamente universal; la exposición de los niños a las pantallas es temprana. La televisión es más utilizada, pero las pantallas móviles ocupan un tiempo importante. Las madres con estudios superiores dedican más tiempo a la lectura.

The use of mobile devices has become ubiquitous in the family, across all social strata, and from an early age.Objectives: To assess the use of mobile and fixed screens among young children, the time spent doing traditional childhood activities, and the relationship to the maternal level of education. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional design. Population:Children aged 6 months to 5 years seen in Río Cuarto, Córdoba, between July and September 2016. Outcome measures: Demographics, family income, age at initiation, frequency of use, daily minutes, other activities. Results: 160 surveys were included; 99% of households had a TV and 98.75%, a smartphone. Average number of electronic devices: 5.68; among lower income households: 5.1 (standard deviation [SD]: 1.57); and among higher income households: 6.32 (SD: 1.18) (p = 0.0000).By the age of 2, 80.3% of children watched TV and 37.4% used touchscreen devices with help. Between 2 and 4 years old, 38.7% used screens without help.Also, 93% of children watched TV and 56% used mobile screens very frequently. Children watched TV for an average of 75.6 daily minutes and used other screens for 31.3 minutes, whereas reading only accounted for 20.4 minutes. Mothers who had completed tertiary education spent more time reading books than those who had completed primary or secondary education (analysis of variance: p = 0.00007). Conclusions: Household technological equipment is practically universal; children's exposure to screens starts at an early age. TV is the most commonly used screen although mobile screens take up a significant time. Mothers who had completed higher education spent more time reading.

Pensamiento estratégico de Hugo Chávez sobre la salud / Hugo Chávez's strategic thought on the health

Los programas Aló Presidente fueron una nueva experiencia de voz, expresión y de cultura comunicacional nunca antes vista por lo que a nivel internacional son objeto de estudio. Entre julio y agosto de 2013 se realizó, en la Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina, una revisión de los 378 programas editados entre mayo de 1999 a enero de 2012, a través del sitio digital alopresidente@gob.ve con el objetivo de analizar el pensamiento estratégico del Comandante sobre la salud. En 121 programas se identificaron 199 pronunciamientos relacionados con el tema, lo cual permitió elaborar un compendio teórico que recoge los apuntes más relevantes abordados por el presidente Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías en esta temática, fundamentado en el plan de la patria para el período 2013-2019. En ellos se refleja la ética humanista, social, el valor humano a la vida, la nueva filosofía de atención en salud para Venezuela así como la visión y alcance del Comandante, que en materia de transformaciones salubristas avizoraba para su pueblo. Se elaboró un material de consulta y estudio para estudiantes y colaboradores de la Misión Médica Cubana en este escenario. Por lo que representa para la integración latinoamericana, se recomienda profundizar, durante el proceso de formación en las ciencias médicas, en la importancia del alcance estratégico de las ideas de Chávez sobre la salud.

The TV programs Aló Presidente were a new experience of voice, expression and communicational culture never seen before, a reason why they are the object of study internationally. Between July and August 2013, a review of the 378 programs broadcasted between May 1999 and January 2012 was carried out at the Latin American School of Medicine, through the digital site alopresidente@gob.ve, with the objective of analyzing the Comandante's strategic thinking about health. In 121 programs, 199 remarks related to the topic were identified, which permitted the elaboration of a theoretical framework including the most relevant notes addressed by President Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías on this subject, based on the country plan for the period 2013-2019. They reflect the humanistic, social, ethic, and human value for life, the new philosophy of health care for Venezuela, as well as the vision and scope the Comandante envisioned for his people in the field of health care transformations. A study and consultation material was prepared for both students and collaborators of the Cuban Medical Mission in this setting abroad. For what it represents for Latin American integration, it is recommended to deepen, during the process of training in medical sciences, about the importance of Chavez's strategic ideas and scope about health.

Esporte e TV pública no Brasil: a TV Brasil, a audiência e as transmissões do campeonato brasileiro de futebol da série C / Sport and public TV in Brazil: the TV Brasil, the audience and the broadcasts of Brazilian Série C Championship / Deportes y TV pública en Brasil: TV Brasil, la audiencia y las transmisiones del Campeonato Brasileño de Fútbol de la Série C

A TV Brasil é uma emissora pública que pertence à Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC). Foi criada para implantar o Sistema Público de Comunicação no país. Desde 2013 a emissora transmite partidas do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol da Série C. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir, à luz de conceitos como audiência, cultura de mídia e valor-notícia, se a emissora cumpre, através do esporte, o papel para o qual foi criada. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, com a análise de documentos internos da emissora e a realização de entrevistas. O estudo pretende contribuir com reflexões a respeito dos processos existentes entre a gestão do esporte e a comunicação pública no Brasil. Assim, procuramos verificar se a emissora cumpre sua missão de formação e fortalecimento da cidadania e da identidade nacional ou se é apenas regida, em seu relacionamento com o esporte, pela ótica comercial da audiência.

TV Brazil is a public broadcaster that belongs to Brazil Communications Company (EBC). It was created to implement the Communication Public System in the country. Since 2013, the station broadcasts Brazilian Série C Championship Football matches. The purpose of this article is to analyze if the issuer meets, through sport, the role for which it was created. For it, we used the concepts of audience, media culture and news value and conducted a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research with the analysis of internal documents of the issuer and conducting interviews about the theme. The study aims to contribute reflections on the existing processes of management of sport and public communication in Brazil. So we try to verify that the broadcaster fulfills its mission to training and strengthening of citizenship and national identity or whether it is just ruled in their relationship with the sport, from the perspective of commercial audience.

TV Brasil es una cadena pública que pertenece a Empresa Brasil de Comunicacion (EBC). Se creó para poner en práctica el Sistema Público de Comunicación en el país. Desde 2013, la estación transmite partidos del Campeonato Brasileño de Fútbol de la Série C. El propósito de este artículo es analizar, a la luz de conceptos como audiencia, cultura de los médios y valor notícia, si el emisor cumple, a través del deporte, el papel para o cual fue creada. Con este fin, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva con el análisis de documentos internos de la entidad emisora y la realización de entrevistas. El estudio pretende aportar reflexiones sobre los procesos existentes de gestión del deporte y la comunicación pública en Brasil. Así que tratamos de verificar que la emisora cumple su misión de formación y fortalecimiento de la ciudadanía y la identidad nacional o de que simplemente se rige en su relación con el deporte, desde la perspectiva de audiencia comercial.

Food advertising on TV and energy intake in children: results from the OBEY-AD Mexico

Food advertising on TV is a common marketing practice, and it is suspected of promoting obesogenic behaviours. The study aimed at evaluating if gadgets (toys) packaged with food increase food consumption, and if contemporary exposure to TV and/or advertising is a further promoting factor. Onehundred and twenty children (balanced according to gender and age groups, 3-6 and 7-10 years old) were randomised in an experimental setting designed as a 2x5 full factorial ad libitum eating study. The first factor was represented by the exposure to gadgets, organized on two levels, "food with gadget" (TOY) and "food alone" (NoTOY). The second one consisted in the exposure to TV and advertising along five levels (no exposure to TV, exposure to TV without advertising, exposure to TV and 1, 2, or 3 advertsements). Our results showed no significant differences when considering the groups even after taking into account the dependent variables. The medium spot group showed the lowest energy intake, but the difference between the other groups was not significant. TV advertising and the presence of gadgets (toys) do not influence caloric intake in children(AU)

La publicidad de alimentos en la televisión es una práctica común de comercialización, y se cree que puede promover comportamientos obesogénicos. El estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar si los gadgets (juguetes) empaquetados con alimentos aumentan el consumo de alimentos y si la exposición contemporánea a la televisión y / o la publicidad es un factor promotor adicional. Ciento veinte niños (agrupados por sexo y edad, 3-6 y 7-10 años de edad) fueron asignados al azar en una escuela de San Luis Potosí -México. Los niños fueron asignados al azar en el contexto experimental de un estudio de diseño factorial completo 2x5 de consumo de alimentos ad libitum. El primer factor estuvo representado por la exposición a juguetes y estuvo organizado en dos niveles: "alimento con juguetes" (TOY) y "alimento solo" (NoTOY). El segundo consistía en la exposición a la televisión y a publicidad televisiva a lo largo de cinco niveles (sin exposición a TV, exposición a TV sin publicidad, exposición a TV y a 1, 2 o 3 anuncios publicitarios). Nuestros resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos, incluso teniendo en cuenta las variables dependientes. Sólo en el grupo mediano al que se mostraron dos publicidades se observó el consumo de energía más bajo. La diferencia entre los otros grupos no fue significativa(AU)

Effects of persistent viewing of 3D TV on human visual function / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To comprehensively identify the effects of persistent viewing of 3D TV on visual function and find out the relationship between different visual functional parameters.<p>METHODS: The following four visual functional parameters: accommodation(accommodative response; accommodative microfluctuation; accommodative facility; PRA, positive relative accommodation; NRA, negative relative accommodation; gradient AC/A, the gradient accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio), vergence(DBI, distance base-in; DBO, distance base-out; NBI, near base-in; NBO, near base-out), phoria(distance and near lateral phoria), and stereopsis were measured for nineteen health participants before and after viewed 2D TV for 90min and 3D TV for 90min.<p>RESULTS: Both compared with the baseline data and the data after 2D viewing, increased near accommodative responses, decreased convergence, changed phoria(more exophoric)at distance were detected after 3D TV viewing(all <i>P</i> <0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Prolonged viewing of 3D TV will influence human visual function, especially the disruption of the natural relationship between binocular convergence and accommodation induced by conflicting stimulus. Manufacturers and the public should consider the parameters of accommodation, vergence, and phoria as main indicators for detecting the safety of 3D TV.

Ameaçada, comunicação pública é vital para a democracia / Threatened, the public communication is vital to democracy / Amenazada, la comunicación pública es vital para la democracia

Diante das ameaças de retrocessos políticos e sociais no país, que incluem o desmonte da TV Brasil e da Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC), esta nota discute a importância da comunicação pública para associedades democráticas. A análise parte de referências históricas, conceituais, e da relação entre Estado e comunicação. Aborda a relação intrínseca entre comunicação pública e o direito à comunicação e sua centralidade nas instituições estatais de caráter público. A partir do modelo de comunicação pública desenvolvido na Europa ocidental, situa a criação da EBC como marco histórico da comunicação pública no país, e apresenta exemplos de sua trajetória recente que expressam sua maior integração com a sociedade.

Given the threats of political and social retrogressions in Brazil, including the policy of dismantling the TV Brasil and the Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC), this note discusses how is important the public communication to democratic societies. Historical and conceptual references as well as the relations between the state and communication are the starting point for the analysis. It deals with the inherentrelation between public communication and the communication rights and its centrality in the public nature of governmental institutions. Based on the model of public communication developed in Western Europe, this note shows that EBC represents a milestone in the Brazilian public communication history and gives examples of its recent trajectory indicating that it was more and more integrated into national society.

Frente a las amenazas de los retrocesos políticos en el país, que incluyen el desmantelamiento de la TV Brasil y de la Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC), esta nota examina la importancia de la comunicación pública para las sociedades democráticas. El análisis parte de referencias históricas, conceptuales y dela relación entre Estado y comunicación. Trata de la relación intrínseca entre comunicación pública y elderecho a la comunicación y su centralidad en las instituciones estatales de carácter público. A partir del modelo de comunicación pública desarrollado en Europa Occidental, establece la creación de la EBC como marco histórico de la comunicación pública en lo país y presenta ejemplo de su trayectoria reciente que expresan su mayor integración con la sociedad.

PSICOLOGÍA, BIOÉTICA Y NARRATIVA CINEMATOGRÁFICA: UN ANÁLISIS CUALITATIVO DE PRODUCCIONES DE ESTUDIANTES SOBRE CONFLICTOS BIOÉTICOS RELACIONADOS CON LA IDENTIDAD / PSYCHOLOGY, BIOETHICS AND CINEMATOGRAPHIC NARRATIVE: A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF STUDENT'S ESSAYS ABOUT BIOETHICAL CONFLICTS OF IDENTITY MATTERS / PSICOLOGIA, BIOÉTICA E NARRATIVA CINEMATOGRÁFICA: UMA ANÁLISE QUALITATIVA DAS PRODUÇÕES DOS ALUNOS SOBRE OS CONFLITOS BIOÉTICOS RELACIONADOS À IDENTIDADE

En la actualidad, llegan a un público masivo series televisivas en las que se despliegan dilemas bioéticos de la práctica de los profesionales de la salud. En este artículo se analiza cómo ven estudiantes de grado distintas situaciones dilemáticas, sin conocimientos previos; además, se interrogan en las elaboraciones de los estudiantes la cuestión de la identidad en relación con la dimensión genética y simbólica. A través de un enfoque cualitativo y siguiendo la Grounded Theory para el análisis discursivo, realizamos dos etapas de trabajo: , primero, los estudiantes elaboraron escritos sobre la totalidad de los episodios de la serie House; segundo, un grupo focal trabajó con un episodio a fines de indagar si reconocían una situación de ocultamiento filiatorio, y qué proponían que debía hacer el profesional. Todos los escritos de los estudiantes coinciden en su profundidad con base a un material concreto de pocos minutos de duración, aun sin contar con conocimientos previos. En cuanto a la cuestión filiatoria, el trabajo fue complejo ya que la perspectiva psicológica y biomédica entran en conflicto. Así pues, la narrativa cinematográfica incluye la dimensión subjetiva y nos permite abordar situaciones de modo complejo; actúa no solo como estrategia didáctica, sino también como productora de aprendizajes nuevos.

These days, TV series reach a massive audience in which bioethical dilemmas of practicing health professionals are displayed. This article analyzes how undergraduate students view different dilemmatic situations without previous knowledge; moreover, interrogate the work of these students about the question of identity regarding genetic and symbolic issues. Through a qualitative approach and following the Grounded Theory for discourse analysis, we conducted two phases of work: first, the students wrote about all the episodes of TV series House MD; second, a focus group worked with an episode in the pursuit of querying if they were able to recognize any situation of filiation concealment, and what they believed the professional should do.All of the student's writings agree in the depth of the developments based on a particular material of few minutes of duration, even without prior knowledge. As for the filiatory issue, the task was complex given the conflict between the psychological and biomedical perspectives. Thus, the narrative of films includes a subjective dimension and allows us to address situations in complex ways; it acts not only as a teaching strategy but as a producer of new learning.

Atualmente, atingem a um público de massa séries de televisão nas quais se revelam dilemas bioéticos da prática dos profissionais da saúde. Neste artigo se analisa como enxergam os estudantes diferentes situações do dilema, sem conhecimentos prévios; Além disso, interroga-se nos relatórios dos estudantes a questão da identidade em relação à dimensão genética e simbólica. Através de uma abordagem qualitativa e seguindo a Grounded Theory para à análise do discurso, realizamos duas etapas de trabalho: em primeiro lugar, os estudantes criaram escritas sobre a totalidade dos episódios da série House; segundo, um grupo de foco trabalhou com um episódio com o fim de pesquisar se eles reconheceram uma situação de ocultação de filiação, e qual que é a proposta do que deveria fazer o profissional. Todos os escritos dos estudantes concordam em sua profundidade com base em um material determinado de poucos minutos de duração, mesmo sem ter conhecimentos prévios. Quanto à questão de filiação, o trabalho foi complexo já que as perspectivas psicológicas e biomédicas ficam em conflito. Assim, então, a narrativa cinematográfica inclui a dimensão subjetiva e nos permite atingir situações de maneira complexa; atua não apenas como uma estratégia de ensino, mas também como produtor de nova aprendizagem.

Ciências da saúde na TV brasileira / Health sciences on Brazilian TV / Ciencias de la salud en la TV brasileña

Neste artigo, apresentamos resultados de nosso estudo sobre a veiculação de assuntos científicos relacionados à saúde nas duas principais emissoras da televisão brasileira: TV Globo e TV Record. Analisamos a sua programação diária ao longo de duas semanas construídas referentes a seis meses de 2013, totalizando 672 horas. Observamos que presença dessa temática é reduzida (2,7%) e os aspectos científicos aparecem de forma secundária. A publicidade se destacou entre as demais categorias televisivas, o que contribuiu para uma abordagem positiva da ciência. Embora a figura do cientista tenha sido rara, a linguagem científica foi amplamente utilizada como forma de conferir legitimidade às programações. Tal resultado evidencia que a ciência possui um caráter social importante de conferir credibilidade a diversos tipos de informação – fato que se torna mais relevante quando se considera que esse meio de comunicação é o mais presente nos lares brasileiros e possui grande importância cultural no país...

In this article, we present the results of a study on the broadcasting of scientific issues related to health ontwo main channels of Brazilian TV: TV Globo and TV Record. We analyzed daily its programmes over two constructed weeks, which were representative of six months in 2013, totalizing 672 hours. We observed that the presence of health sciences is low (2.7%) and the scientific aspects appeared in a secondary manner. The advertisement was the most common TV category, contributing to a positive approach of science. Although the scientists has not appeared frequently, the scientific language was widely used as a way of legitimating the TV programmes. This result demonstrates that science is socially important, providing credibility to different kinds of information – a fact that becomes more relevant when one considers that TV is the most present mass media communication in Brazilian homes and it has great cultural importance in Brazil...

En este artículo, presentamos los resultados de nuestro estudio sobre la veiculación de temas científicos relacionados a la salud en las dos principales estaciones de la televisión brasileña: TV Globo y TV Record. Analisamos su programación diaria durante dos semanas construidas, representantivas de seis meses de2013 – un total de 672 horas. La presencia de las ciencias de la salud fue baja (2,7%) y los aspectos científicos apareceran de forma secundaria. La publicidad se destacó entre las otras categorías televisivas, lo quecontribuyó para un enfoque positivo de la ciencia. Aunque la imagen de científicos haya sido poco presente,el lenguaje científico fue ampliamente utilizado para dar legitimidad a las informaciones televisivas. Este resultado evidencia que la ciencia tiene un carácter social importante de conferir credibilidad a diversos tipos de informaciones – un hecho que se hace aún más relevante cuando se tiene en cuenta que la TV es el medio de comunicación más presente en los hogares brasileños y tiene gran importancia cultural en el país...