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1.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 578-591, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-927729

ABSTRACT

Microalgae are a group of photosynthetic microorganisms, which have the general characteristics of plants such as photosynthesis, and some species have the ability of movement which resembles animals. Recently, it was reported that microalgae cells can be engineered to precisely deliver medicine-particles and other goods in microfluidic chips. These studies showed great application potential in biomedical treatment and pharmacodynamic analysis, which have become one of the current research hotspots. However, these developments have been rarely reviewed. Here, we summarized the advances in manageable movement exemplified by a model microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii based on its characteristics of chemotaxis, phototaxis, and magnetotaxis. The bottlenecks and prospects in the application of microalgae-based tactic movement were also discussed. This review might be useful for rational design and modification of microalgal manageable movement to achieve targeted transport in medical and other fields.


Subject(s)
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , Microalgae , Microfluidics , Photosynthesis
2.
Podium (Pinar Río) ; 16(2): 345-358, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287558

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La enseñanza-aprendizaje de la táctica se orienta hacia la formación de las habilidades para el combate, de tal modo, el comportamiento táctico configura el modo de actuación que evidencia el nivel alcanzado en este proceso. Las habilidades referidas se conceptualizan desde dos perspectivas: habilidades técnico-tácticas y tácticas. La primera carece de una visión holística que integre los componentes físico, teórico y psicológico; por el contrario, la segunda destaca la interacción de estos y reconoce algunas singularidades de la táctica. No obstante, son insuficientes las propuestas de acciones didácticas desde el desarrollo de la clase. Consecuentemente, se ha limitado la formación de las habilidades tácticas en el taekwondo, en efecto el comportamiento táctico de los taekwondistas de la categoría 11-12 años exhibe limitaciones. El presente artículo propone una estrategia didáctica para el tratamiento de la táctica, sustentado en elementos de la dinámica de la clase. La totalidad de especialistas consultados coincidieron en la pertinencia, aplicabilidad y relevancia social de la propuesta, lo cual se evidenció en los valores obtenidos por consenso mediante los puntos de corte. Los métodos empleados fueron la observación, el análisis-síntesis, sistémico estructural funcional, consulta a especialistas mediante una encuesta, distribución empírica de frecuencias y los puntos de corte.


RESUMO O ensino-aprendizagem de tácticas está orientado para a formação de competências de combate, de tal forma que o comportamento táctico configura o modo de ação que mostra o nível alcançado neste processo. As competências referidas são conceptualizadas a partir de duas perspectivas: competências técnico-tácticas e tácticas. A primeira carece de uma visão holística que integre os componentes físicos, teóricos e psicológicos; pelo contrário, a segunda enfatiza a interação destes e reconhece algumas singularidades de tácticas. No entanto, as propostas de ações didáticas do desenvolvimento da classe são insuficientes. Consequentemente, a formação de capacidades tácticas no taekwondo tem sido limitada, com efeito, o comportamento táctico dos taekwondistas da categoria dos 11-12 anos de idade apresenta limitações. Este artigo propõe uma estratégia didática para o tratamento de tácticas, com base em elementos da dinâmica da classe. Todos os especialistas consultados concordaram sobre a pertinência, aplicabilidade e relevância social da proposta, o que foi evidenciado nos valores obtidos por consenso através dos pontos de corte. Os métodos utilizados foram observação, análise-síntese, sistémica estrutural funcional, consulta com especialistas através de um inquérito, distribuição empírica de frequências e pontos de corte.


ABSTRACT The teaching learning of tactics is oriented towards the formation of combat skills, in such a way, tactical behavior configures the mode of action that shows the level reached in this process. The referred skills are conceptualized from two perspectives: technical-tactical skills and tactical skills. The first lacks a holistic vision that integrates the physical, theoretical and psychological components; on the contrary, the second one highlights their interaction and recognizes some singularities of the tactic. However, the proposals for didactic actions from the development of the class are insufficient. Consequently, the training of tactical skills in Taekwondo has been limited; in fact, the tactical behavior of taekwondo players in the 11-12 year category exhibits limitations. This article proposes a didactic strategy for the treatment of tactics, based on elements of class dynamics. All the specialists consulted agreed on the relevance, applicability and social relevance of the proposal, which was evidenced in the values obtained by consensus through the cut-off points. The methods used were observation, analysis-synthesis, functional structural systemic, and consultation with specialists through a survey, empirical frequency distribution and cut-off points.

3.
Motrivivência (Florianópolis) ; 33(64): [1-19], Mar. 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1281599

ABSTRACT

O goalball diferentemente de outros esportes paralímpicos foi criado exclusivamente para a pessoa com deficiência visual. Os estudos a respeito desse são relativamente escassos no que se refere a análise de sistema ofensivo de jogo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse ensaio foi apresentar modelos de sistemas de jogo ofensivo em que a estratégia e a tática se aplicam no goalball como estratégia facilitadora da aprendizagem e de comunicação. A proposta foi padronizada de maneira ilustrativa e sistematizando as estruturas de posicionamento tático do goalball com foco nas estratégias de ataque e tem por finalidade a organização e qualidade técnica do jogo. O principal apontamento desse ensaio foi auxiliar o entendimento do atleta com deficiência visual através da sistematização do ataque afim de incrementar a organização ofensiva de uma equipe de goalball.


Goalball, unlike other adapted sports, was created exclusively for the persons with visual impairment. Studies of analysis of systematic observation of gambling in the sport are relatively scarce. The aim of this essay is to present models of offensive systems in which strategy and tactics are applied in goalball for a better learning, facilitating and simplifying communication between coach and athletes. Corroborating this essay, authors demonstrate that in order to obtain efficient offensive actions, it is necessary that athletes present a high tactical understanding. This essay standardizes in an illustrative and systematic way the systems of tactical positioning of goalball focusing on attack strategies and aims at the organization and technical quality of the game. The main point of this essay was to help the understanding of the visually impaired athlete in the construction of the attack in order to increase the offensive organization of a goalball team.


El golbol a diferencia de otros deportes paralímpicos, fue creado exclusivamente para personas con discapacidad visual. Los estudios a respecto son relativamente escasos en lo que respecta al análisis del sistema de juego ofensivo. En este sentido, el objetivo de este ensayo fue presentar modelos de sistemas de juego ofensivos en los que se aplica la estrategia y la táctica en el golbol como estrategia que facilita el aprendizaje y la comunicación. La propuesta se estandarizó de forma ilustrativa y sistematizó las estructuras de posicionamento táctico de golbol con un enfoque en las estrategias de ataque y apunta a la organización e calidad técnica del juego. El objetivo principal de este ensayo fue ayudar a la comprensión del atleta con discapacidad visual mediante la sistematización del ataque para aumentar la organización ofensiva de un equipo de golbol.

4.
Rev. bras. ciênc. esporte ; 43: e006520, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288257

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe regularities in soccer goal-ending sequences in the 2016 and 2017 CONMEBOL Libertadores Cups. Observational methodology was used. The sample comprised 699 attack sequences that ended in goal from 250 games played in 2016 and 2017. An ad hoc observational instrument was designed. Data analysis was performed in three complementary ways: sequential, graph theory, and polar coordinates. Two sequences were highlighted: Pass with the head-Shot-Goal and Rebound-Rebound-Shot-Goal. The foot pass action is the most common prior to a shot. In addition, dribbling and conducting were excitatory and inhibitory actions, respectively, to score a goal. In conclusion, the use of open game was relevant to score goals and different patterns were observed.


RESUMO O objetivo foi descrever regularidades nas sequências terminadas em gol nas Copas CONMEBOL Libertadores 2016 e 2017. Foi escolhida a metodologia observacional. A amostra compreendeu 699 sequências de ataques terminadas em gol de 250 jogos disputados em 2016 e 2017. Elaborou-se um instrumento de observação ad hoc. A análise dos dados foi realizada de três maneiras complementares: análise sequencial; teoria dos grafos; e coordenadas polares. Duas sequências foram destacadas: Passe com a cabeça-Chute-Gol e Rebote-Rebote-Chute-Gol. A ação passe com o pé foi a mais comum antes de um tiro. Além disso, dribbling foi uma ação excitatória de marcar um gol e a condução o inibiu. Conclui-se que o uso do jogo aberto foi relevante para marcar gols e diferentes padrões foram observados.


RESUMEN El objetivo fue describir regularidades en las secuencias terminadas en gol en las Copas Libertadores de fútbol 2016 y 2017. Se utilizó la metodología observacional. La muestra comprendió 699 secuencias de ataque que terminaron en gol de 250 partidos jugados en 2016 y 2017. Se diseñó un instrumento de observación ad hoc. El análisis de datos se realizó a través de tres maneras complementarias: análisis secuencial; teoría de grafos y coordenadas polares. Se destacaron dos secuencias: Pase con la cabeza-Remate-Gol y Rebote-Rebote-Remate-Gol. La acción Pase con el pie fue la más común antes de un tiro. Además, el regate fue una acción excitatoria de marcar un gol y la conducción lo inhibió. En conclusión, la utilización del juego abierto fue relevante para marcar goles y se observaron diferentes patrones.

5.
Motriz (Online) ; 25(3): e101931, 2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040641

ABSTRACT

Aim: To investigate the speeches of elite handball coaches about the current strategic-tactical configuration after the rule change that allows the use of the seventh court player in the attack. Methods: Four elite handball coaches were interviewed (semi-structured) with specific questions about the main theme of this study. Coaches' speeches were analyzed using the Qualitative Content Analysis. Results: Three categories of analysis emerged from coaches' discourses: 1) a general overview of the current tactical application of the seventh court player: coaches report that there is no significant change in strategic-tactical structures previously established in handball; 2) main tactical strategies from the use of the rule change: the seventh court player used, mainly, like additional player in exclusion situations to maintain the numerical equality in the offensive phase, and to numerical superiority of the attack in the final minutes by the teams that are losing; and 3) main perspectives of change in the offensive, defensive and transitions systems, in which there is a concern with the restriction of the use of defensive system with open formation. Conclusion: there were no significant strategic changes in handball in attack or defense, and the use of the additional court player was used to maintain the numerical equality in the attack in situations of exclusion and, in some specific cases, aiming at numerical superiority in final and decisive moments of matches.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Mentors , Athletes , Endurance Training , Team Sports , Evaluation Studies as Topic
6.
Rev. bras. ciênc. esporte ; 39(2): 168-175, abr.-jun. 2017. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-897992

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi mapear os principais comportamentos e elementos técnico-táticos defensivos diante de diferentes sistemas ofensivos no handebol. Foram entrevistados quatro treinadores experientes, cujos depoimentos foram tabulados e analisados com base no método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Diante do sistema ofensivo clássico foram apontados elementos como flutuação, variabilidade defensiva e dificultar a atuação de pontas e pivô. Diante de sistemas diferentes do clássico os treinadores sugerem dificultar a produção de espaços, alternar os sistemas defensivos e a adaptação às situações do jogo. São esperados comportamentos específicos diante dos cenários técnico-táticos impostos por diferentes sistemas ofensivos que requerem formas específicas de treinamento.


Abstract The aim of this work was to map the relevant defensive behaviors and elements front of different offensive systems. Were interviewed four experienced handball coaches, whose speeches were tabulated and analyzed based in the Collective Subject Discourse method. The coaches pointed that front of classic offensive system the floating, the defensive variability and hindering the activities of wings and pivot are essential. Front of offensive systems different of classic, variables as hinder spaces production, perception and adaptability to game situations and changes of defensive systems are important. Thus, specific variables are expected front of technical-tactical scenarios imposed by different offensive systems, which requires specific training.


Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar los principales comportamientos y elementos técnico-tácticos defensivos frente a diferentes sistemas ofensivos en balonmano. Entrevistamos a cuatro entrenadores expertos, cuyos testimonios fueron ordenados y analizados sobre la base del método de las prácticas discursivas del sujeto colectivo. Ante el sistema ofensivo clásico, los principales elementos fueron la flotación, la variabilidad defensiva y obstaculizar el juego del pivote y de los extremos. Frente a los sistemas diferentes del clásico, los entrenadores sugieren dificultar la producción de espacios, cambiar los sistemas defensivos y la adaptación a las situaciones de juego. Por tanto, se esperan comportamientos específicos ante diferentes escenarios técnico-tácticos impuestos por los adversarios.

7.
Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine ; (12): 1-4, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-457538

ABSTRACT

Ethnic medicine is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine and excellent traditional culture. New products of ethnic medicine are important application form to play therapeutic advantages of ethnic medicine, whose research and development should focus on the maintenance of characteristics of ethnic medicine. From the perspective of the research and development of ethnic medicine, this article discussed research ideas in the development of new products of ethnic medicine and put forward that attention should be paid to the experience on using the ethnic medicine, related literature studies, and ethnic medicine resource protection and utilization as well. In addition, this article put forward the research tactics in new products of ethnic medicine, such as medicinal materials, effective parts, active ingredients, the secondary development research and so on, with a purpose of improving the level of researching and developing new products of ethnic medicine.

8.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 80(1): 73-82, jan.-mar.2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1462209

ABSTRACT

A broca-pequena-do-fruto é praga-chave na cultura do tomate por causar danos significativos às partes reprodutivas. Devido a isto, foi objetivo deste trabalho avaliar a eficiência de inseticidas sobre ovos e lagartas recém-emergidas, com e sem a adição de óleo vegetal (0,25%), em bioensaios de laboratório. Frutos com ovos foram coletados em cultivo de tomate estaqueado na quinzena posterior à última aplicação de agrotóxicos, sendo selecionados os frutos com ovos de coloração variável de branco a marrom claro, com 1 e 4 dias de incubação, e imersos em 1 L da calda inseticida por 5 segundos. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com média de 18 frutos nos tratamentos e de, aproximadamente, 4 ovos/fruto. A avaliação da ação inseticida de 24 produtos foi realizada após a imersão na calda inseticida, observando-se, sob microscópio estereoscópico, os ovos quanto à integridade do córion, textura e coloração, lagartas emergidas, bem como os orifícios de entrada e de saída das larvas (aos 7 e 21 dias). Os produtos testados diferiram da testemunha quanto à densidade de lagartas eclodidas, bem como quanto à redução populacional de lagartas, podendo-se destacar Trebon 100 SC (etofenprox; 200 mL do produto comercial/100 L), Lannate BR (methomil; 100 mL), Thiobel 500 (cartap; 250 g) e Vertimec 18 CE (abamectin; 100 mL). A adição de óleo vegetal resultou em incremento na eficiência dos produtos.


Action of insecticides on tomato fruit borer eggs and larvae using laboratory bioassay. The tomato fruit borer is a key tomato pest in light of its damages to the plants’ reproductive parts. Therefore, the present study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of insecticides on the eggs and newly hatched larvae, when applied alone or associated with vegetable oil (0.25%), in laboratory bioassays. Fruits with eggs were collected in staked tomato crops fifteen days after the last application of agro-chemicals, selecting the fruits with eggs colored from white to light brown, which had between 1 and 4 days of incubation, followed by immersion of the fruit for 5 seconds in 1 L of the insecticide solutions. The experimental design was completely randomized, with an average of 18 fruits per treatment (24 insecticides and a control) and about 4 eggs per fruit. The evaluations were performed 7 and 21 days after immersion, using a stereomicroscope to observe the corion integrity, egg color, number of larvae emerged, and larvae fruit holes (entry and exit). The insecticides differed significantly from the control, most notably Trebon SC 100 (etofenprox; 200 mL of the commercial product/100 L), Lannate BR (methomil; 100 mL), Thiobel 500 (cartap; 250 g) and Vertimec 18 CE (abamectin; 100 mL). The addition of vegetable oil increased the insecticides’ effectiveness.


Subject(s)
Bombyx/classification , Insecticides/toxicity , Pesticides , Solanum lycopersicum/classification
9.
Motriz rev. educ. fís. (Impr.) ; 17(1): 39-47, jan.-mar. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-585637

ABSTRACT

Os objetivos deste trabalho são apontar a importância das fixações no handebol como ações táticas ofensivas e apontar possíveis desdobramentos individuais e coletivos vantajosos e desvantajosos para os atacantes durante o jogo. O ensino desse elemento técnico-tático é abordado com vistas às categorias de formação no handebol, para o qual sugere-se que os jogadores, a partir da imprevisibilidade das situações impostas, sejam inseridos em um contexto de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento que propicie a vivência dos mais variados tipos de situação. As variações das experiências anteriores permitem a formação de jogadores que possam agir inteligentemente e que adaptem seus comportamentos às pressões impostas pelos adversários e às possibilidades oferecidas pelos companheiros.


The aims of this work are to show the importance of the fixations in handball as a technical-tactical offensive element and pointing to possible advantages and disadvantages for the attackers in the game. The teaching of this technical-tactical element is discussed in the young categories in handball, for which it is suggested that players, from the unpredictability of conditions imposed, are embedded in a context of teaching-learning-training which provide experience of all kinds of situation. Changes from previous experiences allow the formation of players who can act intelligently and to adapt their behavior to the pressures imposed by the opponents and the possibilities offered by fellow.


Subject(s)
Sports/education , Physical Education and Training
10.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 7(4): 683-692, 2009. mapas, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-536345

ABSTRACT

Fish species are known for their large phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits in relation to environmental characteristics. Plasticity allows species to increase their fitness in a given environment. Here we examined the life-history response of fish species after an abrupt change in their environment caused by the damming of rivers. Two reservoirs of different age, both situated on the Guiana Shield, were investigated: the young Petit-Saut Reservoir in French Guiana (14 years) and the much older Brokopondo Reservoir in Suriname (44 years). Six life-history traits in 14 fish species were studied and compared to their value in the Sinnamary River prior to the completion of Petit-Saut Reservoir. The traits analyzed were maximum length, absolute and relative length at first maturation, proportion of mature oocytes in ripe gonad, batch fecundity and mean size of mature oocytes. The results revealed a general increase of reproductive effort. All species showed a decrease in maximum length. Compared to the values observed before the dam constructions, eight species had larger oocytes and three species showed an increased batch fecundity. These observed changes suggest a trend towards a pioneer strategy. The changes observed in Petit-Saut Reservoir also seemed to apply to the 30 years older Brokopondo Reservoir suggesting that these reservoirs remain in a state of immaturity for a long time.(AU)


Peixes são conhecidos pela grande plasticidade fenotípica com que respondem às características do meio, o que lhes permite aumentar as chances de sucesso frente a variações ambientais. No presente trabalho foram examinadas as respostas biológicas de teleósteos após uma abrupta modificação no ambiente provocada pelo represamento dos rios. Dois reservatórios de diferentes idades, situados no norte da América do Sul, foram investigados: um mais jovem (14 anos), Petit-Saut, na Guiana Francesa, e outro mais antigo (44 anos), Brokopondo, no Suriname. Em 14 espécies de peixes foram avaliados seis atributos biológicos, os quais foram comparados com a situação apresentada no rio Sinnamary antes do enchimento do Reservatório Petit-Saut. Avaliamos o tamanho máximo dos indivíduos, os comprimentos absoluto e relativo de primeira maturação, a proporção de ovócitos maduros em gônadas desovantes, a fecundidade por lote, e o tamanho médio dos ovócitos maduros. Os resultados indicam ter havido aumento do esforço reprodutivo com a formação dos reservatórios. Todas as espécies tiveram redução de tamanho. Comparados aos valores observados antes da formação dos reservatórios, oito espécies tiveram ovócitos maiores e três espécies mostraram aumento da fecundidade por lote. A constatação dessas mudanças aponta para a adoção de estratégias de ocupação pioneira. Aquelas observadas no Reservatório Petit-Saut parecem também aplicar-se ao Reservatório Brokopondo, 30 anos mais antigo, sugerindo que esses reservatórios mantêm-se em condição imatura por muito tempo(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Adaptation, Physiological/genetics , Water Reservoirs/analysis , Fishes/genetics , Fertility
11.
Chinese Medical Equipment Journal ; (6)2004.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-586931

ABSTRACT

Objective To introduce the methods for quality assurance of stereotactic radiotherapy in head and neck cancers.Methods Firstly,thirty cases were randomly selected.Secondly,patients were set up with Topsland fixtures,and their heads & necks were fixed with plastic masks,on which windows were open and the signs of reposition were marked.Thirdly,the treatment plan was designed by GE-helical CT-scan and Topsland plan system.Finally,after certification eligibility,the treatment plan was performed to record the parameters of anterior-posterior and analysis errors of setting up.Results: The testing results revealed that the position error was no more than 2mm.Conclusion: QA is a very important measure to guarantee the precision of stereoscopic directional radiotherapy.Only when the QA measure has been strictly carried out,the precise and satisfactory effect can be obtained.

12.
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society ; : 1879-1884, 1996.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-178482

ABSTRACT

Multiple cerebral arteriovenous malformations(AVMs) are thought to be rare lesions. The authors present a case of multiple AVMs in te left cerebral hemisphere. A 26-year-old male patient came to the hospital for evaluation of recurrent attacks of generalizd seizures. Cerebral angiography demonstrated two separated AVMs having different feeders and drain veins in the left cerebral hemisphere. Using staged operations we excised the lesions completely. The criteria and surgical tactics of multiple AVMs are discussed with a review of the literature.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Cerebral Angiography , Cerebrum , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations , Seizures , Veins
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