ABSTRACT
Investigations were carried out on the use of the water and ethanolic extracts of Piper guineense, Ocimum graticimum, Casia alata, and Tagetes erecta in the management of postharvest deterioration of cassava root caused by Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifer. Water and ethanolic extracts of the plant materials had significant differences (p≤0.5) in their rates of fungitoxicity on the pathogenic organisms. Water and ethanol extracts of C. alata and T. erecta respectively at 50% concentration gave the same highest radial growth inhibition of 80.20% on A. flavus in vitro followed by ethanol extracts of C. alata, O. graticimum, and P. guineense. The ethanolic extract of T. erecta at 50% concentration gave the highest inhibitory effect of 53.50% on R. stolonifer followed by ethanol extracts of C. alata, O. graticimum, and P. guineense whereas the least growth inhibition of 0.17% was recorded by aqueous extract of P. guineense on R. stolonifer. In vivo test of the plant extracts applied before and after inoculation with spore suspension (1x105 spores/ml of distilled water) of test fungi showed significant reduction in root rot incidence and severity. The lowest incidence and severity of cassava root rot of 16.5% and 1.45 respectively were recorded with T. erecta ethanol extracts applied before inoculation of A. flavus indicating that the extracts of the plant materials could be better used as protectant than eradicant in the control of post harvest fungal deterioration of cassava root. R. stolonifer showed stronger resistance to the extracts of the plant materials than A. flavus during pathogenesis in vivo.
ABSTRACT
Nine compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract of the roots of Tagates erecta by silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data as 5-hydroxymethylfurfuryl methyl succinate (1), 5,7,3'-trihydroxyl-3,6,4'-trimethoxylflavone (2), syringic acid (3), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyl-3,6-trimethoxylflavone (4), patuletin-4'-methoxyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), patulitrin (6), 5,3'-dihydroxyl-3,6,4'-trimethoxylflavone-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), (2,2'-biththiophen)-5-ol (8), and 3-hydroxyl-4-methoxyl benzoic acid (9). Among them, compound 1 is a new disubstituted succinate and compound 8 was isolated from a natural resource for the first time. Compounds 2, 4, 5 and 9 were isolated from this genus for the first time. By measuring the biological activity and virulence of different compounds against soybean cyst nematode, it has found that compounds 1-8 exhibited a toxic effect on soybean cyst nematode, and ED50 values indicate that compounds 3 and 7 are the most potent, with ED50 values of 0.008 μg·mL-1.
ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants, its derivatives and characterized secondary metabolites are widely used for medicinal purposes, are becoming popular all over the world as a natural alternative to synthetically produced chemicals both in Traditional and Allopathic system of medicine. The beneficial effect of herbal medicine typically result from the combination of secondary metabolites produced in the herbs such as glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, gums etc. There is a need for the documentation of research work carried out on these herbs, hence forth timely review on the herb Tagetes erecta Linn. Methodology used in the review is based on the published original research articles through exhaustive search through scientific databases; Saudi Digital Library, Pubmed, and Science Direct etc. Reviewed parameters are ethonomedicinal uses chemical constituents and pharmacological and non Pharmacological studies on medicinal plant Tagetes erecta Linn.
ABSTRACT
The in vitro schistosomicidal effects of the essential oil obtained from Tagetes erecta L. Asteraceae, leaves (TE-EO) collected in Brazil against Schistosoma mansoni worms are reported in this paper. The oil caused a significant decrease in the motor activity at 50 µg/mL as minimal concentration after 24 h. This oil also caused death of all the parasites and the separation of coupled pairs into individual male and female at 100 µg/mL after 24 h. The viability of adult worm groups treated with the TE-EO at 100 µg/mL was similar to that of groups treated with praziquantel (positive control). In addition, the oil promoted the inhibition of eggs development at all the tested concentrations. These data indicate that the TE-EO could be considered as a promising source for the development of new schistosomicidal agents.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate mosquitocidal effects of ethanolic extract of flowers of Tagetes erecta (T. erecta) and its chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The fresh flowers of T. erecta were extracted in cold with ethanol (5.0 L) and after concentration, the ethanol extract was fractionated with chloroform and petroleum ether to afford a brownish syrupy suspension of ethanol extract (50.0 g), petroleum ether soluble fraction (18.6 g) and chloroform soluble fraction (23.8 g). The larvicidal effect of ethanol extract and their solvent fractions were determined by the standard procedure of WHO against different instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the tested samples the chloroform soluble fractions showed the highest toxicity and consequently, the lowest LC50 values (14.14 µg/mL, 17.06 µg/mL, 36.88 µg/mL and 75.48 µg/mL) for all the instars larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The larvae showed comparative tolerance in the course of increasing age and time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It can be concluded that the flowers of T. erecta are very effective natural larvicide and could be useful against Cx. quinquefasciatus.</p>