Progress and challenge of health human resources development in China / 中华医院管理杂志

The authors systematically reviewed the progress of health human resources development, personnel management system and conceptual changes from 2011 to 2020 in China, and analyzed the status quo in this regard. The past 10 years have witnessed rapid progress of health human resources, namely better personnel management system and constant innovation in human development concepts. As required by the strategy of empowering the country with talents in the new era, as well as the overall promotion for the Healthy China initiative and the high-quality development of the health industry, higher requirements have been put forward for the quantity and quality, structural distribution and management innovation of health human resources. Therefore it is necessary to further expand the coverage of talents work and innovate talents policy, thus keeping the upgrade of the capability and competence of health talents.

Estudo Exploratório sobre o Desenvolvimento de Talentos entre os Kayabi / Talent Development Among the Kayabi: An Exploratory Study / Desarrollo del Talento entre los Kayabi: Un Estudio Exploratorio

Este estudo exploratório teve como objetivo identificar quais são os talentos (habilidades, saberes ou técnicas) reconhecidos pela comunidade Kayabi e como ela se organiza para a promoção e desenvolvimento desses talentos. Participaram da pesquisa quatro pessoas, todas envolvidas em atividades de ensino e liderança na comunidade Kayabi, sendo três delas nativas. Os dados foram analisados por procedimento construtivo-interpretativo e coletados por meio de análise documental, questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista. As habilidades identificadas pelos Kayabi tinham vínculo com suas tradições ancestrais e eram associadas às áreas artística, linguística e política. As pessoas talentosas eram denominadas por especialistas. Os especialistas desenvolviam suas habilidades pela observação, imitação e orientação de outros especialistas e tinham a responsabilidade de transmitir os seus conhecimentos e técnicas para os mais jovens. A família foi reconhecida como a principal promotora e provedora dos recursos necessários ao desenvolvimento dos talentos. Entre os desafios apontados destacaram-se a escassez de matéria prima ou falta de recursos financeiros e a inexistência de local apropriado para a produção artesanal. Para pesquisas futuras recomenda-se o estudo das interrelações entre os processos individuais e comunitários em que esses talentos emergem e se desenvolvem. (AU)

This exploratory study aims to identify which are the talents (skills, knowledge, or techniques) recognized by the Kayabi community and how they are organized for the promotion and development of these talents. Four people participated in the research, all involved in teaching and leadership activities among the Kayabi, three of whom are native. Data were analyzed by constructive-interpretative procedure and collected through document analysis, sociodemographic questionnaire, and interview. The skills identified by Kayabi were linked to their ancestral traditions and associated with the artistic, linguistic, and political fields. Talented people were called experts. Experts developed their skills by observing, imitating, and following the instructions of other experts, and were responsible for sharing their knowledge and techniques to young people. The family was seen as the leading promoter and provider of the resources needed for talent development. Among the challenges highlighted were the lack of raw materials and financial resources and the lack of a suitable place for artisanal production. For future research, it is recommended to study the interrelationships between individual and community processes in which these talents emerge and develop. (AU)

Este estudio exploratorio tuvo el objetivo de identificar cuáles son los talentos (habilidades, conocimientos o técnicas) reconocidos por la comunidad Kayabi y cómo se organiza para la promoción y el desarrollo de estos talentos. Cuatro personas participaron en la investigación, todas involucradas en actividades de enseñanza y liderazgo en la comunidad Kayabi, tres de los cuales son nativos. Los datos se analizaron mediante procedimiento constructivo-interpretativo y se recopilaron mediante análisis documental, cuestionario sociodemográfico y entrevista. Las habilidades identificadas estaban vinculadas a sus tradiciones ancestrales y asociadas con las áreas artísticas, lingüísticas y políticas. Las personas con talento se llamaban expertos. Los expertos desarrollaron sus habilidades observando, imitando y guiando a otros y tenían la responsabilidad de transmitir sus conocimientos y técnicas a los más pequeños. La familia fue reconocida como la principal promotora y proveedora de los recursos necesarios para el desarrollo de talentos. Entre los desafíos destacados se encuentran la escasez de materias primas, la falta de recursos financieros y la falta de un lugar apropiado para la producción artesanal. Para futuras investigaciones, se recomienda estudiar las interrelaciones entre los procesos individuales y comunitarios en los que estos talentos emergen y se desarrollan. (AU)

Gathering Strength and Marching Again, Scaling New Heights Courageously / 中华泌尿外科杂志

2021 is the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the 40 thanniversary of the founding of Chinese Urology Association (CUA). In compliance with the "Plan of Healthy China 2030" , we are ready to gather strength to march again, put forward the slogan "Nourishing Elite to Promote Urology, Aiming High to Forge Ahead" , and scale new heights courageously. With training elite urological talents and developing excellent scientific researches and medical projects as the engine, we will promote the rapid development of Chinese urology, and further achieve the lofty goal of leading Asia and catching up with the international community in the 50 th anniversary of the founding of CUA. In order to achieve this ambitious vision, CUA unites the strength of Chinese urologists to work together on six major tasks: leading academics, strengthening research, cultivating talents, enhancing clinical practice, public welfare and international communication. Alliances in urology should cooperate sincerely and work hand in hand to contribute to the prosperity of urology in China.

The relationship between relative age effects and sex, age categories and playing positions in Brazilian National Handball Teams

Abstract Aims: This study investigated the existence of Relative Age Effect (RAE) in the selection process of male and female athletes in the Brazilian national handball teams according to age categories (U-18, U-21, and senior) and playing position (wings, backs, pivots, and goalkeepers). Methods: In order to determine RAE, athletes were divided based on their months of birth; quarters Q1 (January-March), Q2 (April-June), Q3 (July-September), and Q4 (October-December). Data were collected from the official Brazilian Handball Confederation (CBHb) website and included the athletes that participated in training and/or competitions composing the Brazilian national teams from 2014 to 2018. To determine the RAE on playing positions, age categories of male and female groups were pooled. Chi-squared tests were performed to investigate the RAE. Results: An over-representation of players born in Q1 and Q2 in the U-18, U-20, and senior categories of male teams and the U-20, and senior female teams were found. In the male teams, as the age category increased, RAE decreased, but still existed. Such distribution was reversed in the female athletes, with a higher RAE magnitude in the senior category as compared to U-18 and U-21. Additionally, it seems that RAE is dependent on the playing position only for male athletes (wings and backs) whereas RAE was found for all playing positions in female athletes. Conclusion: Overall, RAE was found in Brazilian national handball teams, but its magnitude and form of manifestation seem to be influenced by sex, category, and playing position.

Experience on general practitioner training in community health care center / 中华全科医师杂志

General practitioner represents the core competency of community health care center and also the key for sustainable discipline development.Talent developing is regard as critical issue for both discipline construction and community health service development.Community health care center,as a platform for internship,practice and continue medical education of medical professionals,plays an important role in career development of general practitioner.We clearly defined the role and responsibility of community health care center in general practicing talent development,and built an excellent career development platform.We integrated project-talent-discipline three-in-one to promote clinical research and talent development;applied two-factor theory to set up effective talent plan and incentive mechanism.This article summarized our approach and experience in talent development as a reference for colleagues in other community centers.

On the advantage of RBL teaching mode for medical students in undergraduate years and in foreign academic exchanges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Research based learning (RBL) is a brand new teaching mode implicated by Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine specifically designed for clinical undergraduates.The nature of RBL is about exploring unknown knowledge and designing and executing comprehensive experiments.RBL aims at creating an open,active student participation,and close student-mentor interaction teaching mode.IBL includes literature study,research aim selection,experiment design and implementation,statistical analysis,results and conclusions,final report writing and defense of the report.Our experience indicates that RBL can substantially improve students' scientific logic and critical thinking and experimental skills,and develop the spirit of a team-player.This scientific training enables students to receive more comprehensive scientific training,facilitate their subsequent clinical research and practice,and assist them to participate in more international scientific exchanges.We propose that the RBL mode should be adopted for clinical student education in other universities.

Application of the prospect theory in human resource development of township hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Introduced are the concept and connotation of the prospect theory in behavioral economics,and the theory is used to explore the psychological characteristics and irrational decision behaviors of both supply and demand sides of talents in human resource development of township hospitals.The study found that the limited rational decision of people influenced the policy effectiveness of human resource policy for such hospitals,and the certainty effect strengthened the demand for restoration of government accountability and the breaking of staffing quota limits.The change and difference of reference point resulted in the lack of incentives and turnover of posts in such hospitals.The presence and change of the mental account caused unscientific human resource development.Based on such findings,the prospect theory can provide good explanatory power and theoretical enlightenment for such development.

Iniciação esportiva, tempo de prática e desenvolvimento de judocas olímpicos brasileiros / Sports initiation and pratice time of Brazilian judo athletes: under the light of long term training and the talent development process / Iniciación deportiva y tiempo de practica de luchadores olímpicos de judo brasileños: la luz del entrenamiento a largo plazo y del proceso del desarollo de talentos

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a idade de iniciação esportiva, o processo de iniciação na modalidade judô, e o tempo de prática de judocas olímpicos brasileiros. Foi utilizada uma amostra de seis judocas, pertencentes à seleção brasileira nos Jogos Olímpicos de Atenas, 2004. A pesquisa utilizou como instrumento uma entrevista composta por duas perguntas abertas. Os discursos indicaram que o início precoce do treinamento é um dos fatores mais relevantes para a aquisição de um alto nível de desempenho posterior, ao tempo que a idade média de iniciação na modalidade ocorreu por volta dos 6,2±1,3 anos. Não só o apoio familiar, associado a um microssistema de desenvolvimento de atletas, forma um ambiente capaz de gerar judocas de nível internacional.

The objective of this study was to analyze the age of sports initiation, the initiation process in judo and practice time of Brazilian judo Olympic players. For this, we used a sample of 6 judokas belonging to the Brazilian team at the Olympic Games of Athens 2004. The research used an interview tool that consists in 2 open questions. The speeches indicated that early training is one of the most relevant factors for the acquisition of a high level of performance subsequent to the time that the average age of initiation into the sport occurred at around 6.2 ± 1.3 years. Family support combined with a microsystem development of athletes, form an environment capable of generating international level judo athletes.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analisar la edad de iniciación deportiva, el proceso de iniciación en la modalidad judo, y el tiempo de practica de los luchadores olímpicos brasileños. Fue utilizada una muestra de 6 luchadores de la selección brasileña de los Juegos Olímpicos de Atenas, 2004. La pesquisa utilizó como herramienta una entrevista compuesta por 2 preguntas abiertas. Los discursos indicaron que la iniciación temprana del entrenamiento es uno de los factores más relevantes para la adquisición de un alto nivel de desempeño posterior, al tiempo que la edad mediana de la iniciación en la modalidad ocurrió por vuelta de los 6,2±1,3 años. Además, el apoyo familiar, asociado a un microsistema de desarrollo de los atletas forman un ambiente capaz de generar atletas.

Thoughts and recommendations on developing general practitioners in China / 中华医院管理杂志

An analysis of the present development of general practitioners in China,probed into the bottlenecks found.The paper proposed to set forth from the training,use and incentives of GPs to promote the systematic design of China's GP system.These measures center on the regulation of GPs development,while building a multi-channel and multi-level GP development system.Other recommendations include raising the professional standing and attractiveness of GPs as a discipline,and enhancing GPs capacity building to promote general practitioners development.

Seleção de tenistas brasileiros talentosos / Selection of Brazilian talented tennis players

Caracterizado como esporte de alto rendimento, o tênis vive uma fase em que há um notável aumento de tenistas juvenis competitivos. Todavia, não se conhecem os fatores que contribuem para o desenvolvimento do talento na modalidade até o profissionalismo. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar e analisar o processo de iniciação esportiva de tenistas brasileiros talentosos e os consequentes fatores que contribuíram para o alcance do profissionalismo e obter informações a respeito das atribuições ao talento “tenístico” e o início de seu destaque no circuito. Para tanto se utilizou uma amostra de cinco tenistas brasileiros profissionais, caracterizados por terem pontos na ATP (Associação dos Tenistas Profissionais). A pesquisa foi constituída através de um delineamento qualitativo, que utilizou como instrumento uma entrevista composta por quatro perguntas abertas, elaboradas para explorar o contexto de desenvolvimento do talento no tênis. Para a análise dos resultados foi utilizado o “Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo”. Ao analisar as respostas atribuídas para cada questão, pode-se observar a ausência de programas nacionais de desenvolvimento esportivo. Contudo, foi possível verificar que os clubes aparecem como microssistemas capazes de gerar um ambiente favorável para o desenvolvimento do talento no tênis. No que se diz respeito aos aspectos psicossociais, o presente estudo corrobora com a literatura, no qual fatores como o apoio da família, o gosto pela prática e a determinação dos tenistas exerceram papel fundamental no processo de desenvolvimento do tenista brasileiro talentoso.

Defined as a high performance Sport, tennis is in a stage in which there is a considerable increase of the competitive young tennis players. However, it is not known the facts which contribute for the talent development in the modality as far as its professionalism. Therefore, the aim of this present study is to verify and analyze the process of the sporting initiation of talented Brazilians tennis players and the consequent factors that contributed for the professionalism achievement and to obtain information about the attributions for the tennis talent and the beginning of its distinction in the circuit. For the development of this study a sample of five professional Brazilian tennis players was used and they all have point in ATP (Association of Tennis Professionals). The research was done through a qualitative outline which used a four-open-question interview as a tool. The questions were elaborated to explore the context of the talent development in tennis. The “Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo” was used for the analysis of the results. Through the analysis of the given answers for each question, it was possible to observe the lack of national programs in sport development. However, it was possible to verify that the clubs appear as Microsystems and they are able to generate a favorable environment for the talent development in tennis. Concerning the psychosocial aspects, the present study confirms the literature in which facts like family support, practice liking and the determination of the tennis player carry out a fundamental role in the process of the talented Brazilian tennis player development.