Study on efficacy and regulation of inflammatory factors with oseltamivir phosphate by different time series of interventions in a murine model of influenza A H1N1 virus infection / 中国药理学通报

Aim To compare the effects of different time sequence interventions on virus infected mice by using oseltamivir (Tamiflu) as a "tool drug" in view of the current situation of the too early the administration time of antiviral in vivo experiment, so as to provide a basis for selecting a reasonable model intervention time point for antiviral drug research. Methods Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six groups. The virus infection model was established by intranasal infection with influenza virus (0.25 TCID50). Tamiflu-1 group and Tamiflu-2 group were administered orally on 1st and 4th day after exposure. The body mass, survival rate, organ index, viral load and inflammatory factor content were measured. Results Compared with the blank control group, the body weight of the mice in the model group decreased and the lung index increased significantly (P < 0.05). The expression levels of 13 inflammatory factors in model 2 group were significantly different ( P < 0.05). Compared with the model-1 group ,the lung index and spleen index of the Tamiflu-1 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the mode-2 group,the lung index in the Tamiflu-2 group was significantly lower (P <0.05) ,and the thy-mus index was significantly higher (P<0.05). The viral load was 0. 03 times that of the model-2 group. The expression levels of 13 inflammatory factors were significantly different (P < 0. 05). Conclusions The symptoms of the mice in Scheme 2 are more obvious and stable after exposure. After administration, the lung inflammation damage is alleviated. Considering the latency, drug intervention is in line with the drug indications when the model animals show symptoms. It will be more reasonable and accurate whether in the model evaluation or drug evaluation.

Uso do Oseltamivir em Síndromes Respiratórias: revisão sistemática rápida / Use of Oseltamivir in Respiratory Syndromes: a quick systematic review

Contexto: Os vírus da gripe são importantes patógenos globais, cujas taxas de incidência resultam em substancial incidência de doenças, hospitalização e mortalidade. O oseltamivir é um medicamento comumente usado e armazenado contra pandemias passadas e futuras com base em normas internacionais e recomendações nacionais. O tratamento preconizado pela OrganizaÇão Mundial de Saúde (OMS), para casos graves de influenza, é o oseltamivir. A infecção pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) apresenta sintomas respiratórios, os quais exigem o diagnóstico laboratorial SARS-CoV-2; sendo orientada8 a administração de Oseltamivir em casos de Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG) sem diasgnóstico até resultado de RT-PCR. Objetivos: Identificar evidências científicas quanto ao uso do oseltamivir no tratamento de síndromes respiratórias. Método: Revisão sistemática rápida (rapid review methodology) nas bases de dados PUBMED e Cochrane Library. Resultados: Do total de 41 revisões sistemáticas identificadas, foram incluídas 13 publicações, referente a 12 estudos desenvolvidos. Conclusão: Com base nos achados nesta revisão sistemática rápida, o oseltamivir apresenta desempenho modesto no que se refere à eficácia no tratamento e na profilaxia da gripe.(AU)

Psychiatric Symptoms in a Patient with Influenza A (H1N1) Treated with Oseltamivir (Tamiflu): A Case Report

Oseltamivir is the most common antiviral drug used to treat and prevent influenza. Epidemiological studies performed in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom indicate that oseltamivir may cause psychiatric symptoms; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. In South Korea, interest in oseltamivir has increased with the spread of the new influenza virus; however, no case report or investigation of psychiatric symptoms associated with the drug has been reported to date. Here, we report a case o0f a 22-year-old male who complained of mood swings, suicidal feelings, auditory hallucinations, memory deterioration, and insomnia after taking oseltamivir.

Conformation and Linkage Studies of Specific Oligosaccharides Related to H1N1, H5N1, and Human Flu for Developing the Second Tamiflu

The interaction between viral HA (hemagglutinin) and oligosaccharide of the host plays an important role in the infection and transmission of avian and human flu viruses. Until now, this interaction has been classified by sialyl(alpha2-3) or sialyl(alpha2-6) linkage specificity of oligosaccharide moieties for avian or human virus, respectively. In the case of H5N1 and newly mutated flu viruses, classification based on the linkage type does not correlate with human infection and human-to-human transmission of these viruses. It is newly suggested that flu infection and transmission to humans require high affinity binding to the extended conformation with long length sialyl(alpha2-6)galactose containing oligosaccharides. On the other hand, the avian flu virus requires folded conformation with sialyl(alpha2-3) or short length sialyl(alpha2-6) containing trisaccharides. This suggests a potential future direction for the development of new species-specific antiviral drugs to prevent and treat pandemic flu.

Epidemiological characteristics of H1N1 positive deaths: A study from tertiary care hospital in western India.

Background: In India as of 31st March 2010, there were 30917 laboratory confirmed H1N1 positive cases out of which 1453 were deaths with positivity index of 22.87% and mortality was 4.8%. But there was alarming sign after comparing these figures with those on 3rd October 2010 which showed 44687 confirmed H1N1 Positive cases with 2574 deaths with rise in positivity index to 23.3% and mortality rate of 5.7%. From the available data core issue of deaths occurring due to H1N1 positivity in short period of time in this year and risk factors associated with fatality were needed to look in detail. Aims & Objective: To study the epidemiologic characteristics of reported deaths, high-risk profiles linked with underlying disease among reported deaths who died after infection with H1N1 influenza.. Material and Methods: Retrospective Record based study. Data was collected from prescribed format for swine flu patients admitted in IIW (Identified Isolation Ward) of Tertiary care hospital in Pune, State Maharashtra, India. Epidemiological characteristics like age, gender, residential address, time lag of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) initiation, co morbidities, etc. were included. Confirmation of H1N1 positivity among cases was done by conducting Real Time PCR at National Institute of Virology, Pune. Trend of Occurrence of positive cases and death was drawn. Results were presented in the form of percentages for the respective variables. Case fatality rate was calculated for H1N1 Deaths. Results: Maximum positive cases and deaths were in the month of August 2010. Deaths were more among age group of 20 years and above and female’s proportion was high. Thirty one deaths were in Pune urban area from April 2010 to September 2010. Time lag in initiation of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) was seen among 63 (79%) deaths. Asthma, Diabetes and hypertension were co morbid condition and pregnancy was associated condition with H1N1 fatality. Conclusion: Mortality was seen among adult population. Time lag in initiation of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) was seen among majority of deaths.

Pharmaceutical Care Provided by Traditional Chinese Pharmacists for Patients with H1N1 Flu / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To explore the method and approach for traditional Chinese pharmacists to play an active role in case of emergent epidemic situation. METHODS:Taking the opportunity of H1N1 flu treatment,the traditional Chinese pharmacists carried out pharmaceutical services such as drug counseling,establishing medication history for typical cases,offering guidance and advice on medication,retrospectively analyzing prescription and consulting records. RESULTS & CONCLUSION:In the differential treatment,pharmacists of traditional Chinese medicine should take full account of patients' individual differences,actively participate in the design of individualized dose scheme and offer medication guidance so as to enhance patients' medication compliance meanwhile enhancing the status of pharmacists of traditional Chinese medicine.