ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity and neuroprotective capacity of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Tarenaya spinosa (T. spinosa) as well as to determine and quantify some of its polyphenols by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Methods: The bacterial Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, grown in Heart Agar Infusion, were tested. The drugs gentamicin, norfloxacin and imipenem were used to evaluate the modulating or antagonistic capacity of the T. spinosa extracts. The extract was analysed by HPLC-DAD to determine the main phenolic compounds. For the cell viability tests, individual heads of the Nauphoeta cinerea arthropod model were removed, homogenized in Trifluoromethyl ketone and centrifuged afterwards. Subsequently, 20 μL of NaNO
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity and neuroprotective capacity of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Tarenaya spinosa (T.spinosa) as well as to determine and quantify some of its polyphenols by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD).Methods:The bacterial Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas anuginosa strains,grown in Heart Agar Infusion,were tested.The drugs gentamicin,norfloxacin and imipenem were used to evaluate the modulating or antagonistic capacity of the T.spinosa extracts.The extract was analysed by HPLC-DAD to determine the main phenolic compounds.For the cell viability tests.individual heads of the Nauphoeta cinerea arthropod model were removed,homogenized in Trifluoromethyl ketone and centrifuged afterwards.Subsequently,20 μL of NaNO2 were added to the biological material,except in the control group,to evaluate the protection capacity of the extracts.The homogenate of the insect heads was incubated for 2 h in tubes containing tetrazolium bromide.Results:HPLC-DAD demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of T.spinosa presented caffeic acid as the major compound.The ethanolic extract also showed neuroprotective effects at concentrations ≥ 10 μg/mL,while aqueous extract was shown to have a protective effect only at the concentration of 100 μg/ mL.The aqueous extract demonstrated a clinically relevant antibacterial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus multidrug resistant strain-MDR,with MIC 512 μg/mL.However,when the extracts were associated with gentamicin and imipenem,a synergism was detected against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli MDR strains.Conclusions:Although it does not present an antibacterial action,the extracts of T.spinosa can be used in the pharmaceutical industries since its extracts show modulating action of drugs.Besides,these natural products have neuroprotective capacity.
ABSTRACT
Para investigar o potencial anti-helmíntico do extrato hidroalcóolico da raiz de Tarenaya spinosa, como alternativa no controle do nematóide gastrintestinal Haemonchus contortus de ovinos, foram realizados testes in vitro com Artemia salina, em seguida, sobre coproculturas contendo ovos do helminto, avaliando a ação ovicida e larvicida do extrato. Após os testes preliminares, foi realizado o teste in vivo em 20 ovinos machos os quais foram divididos em quatro tratamentos Grupo 1: ivermectina 1%; Grupo 2: sem tratamento; Grupo 3: extrato hidroalcóolico de T. spinosa 150μg/mL; Grupo 4: extrato hidroalcóolico de T. spinosa 300μg/mL, amostras de fezes e de sangue foram coletadas para exames parasitológicos e hematológicos. No teste in vitro, a toxicidade frente a A. salina foi de 150μg/mL, obteve-se eficiência de 81,53% sobre ovos e larvas do H. contortus. No teste in vivo, a avaliação da eficácia dos tratamentos foi realizada pelo teste de redução na contagem de ovos fecais (RCOF), os grupos tratados com Ivermectina e T. spinosa a 150μg/mL e 300μg/mL obtiveram os melhores resultados, reduzindo o OPG após 28 dias em 40,6, 41 e 40,2% respectivamente, revelando assim seu potencial fitoterápico para fins de controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais em ovinos.
To investigate the anthelmintic potential of hydroalcoholic extract of the root of Tarenaya spinosa, as an alternative in the control of gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus in sheep, in vitro tests were performed with Artemia salina then on stool cultures containing helminth eggs, assessing ovicidal and larvicidal action of the extract. After preliminary tests, the in vivo test was performed in 20 male sheep were divided into four treatments: Group 1 Ivermectin 1 %, Group 2: untreated; Group 3: hydroalcoholic extract of T. spinosa 150μg/mL; Group 4: hydroalcoholic extract T. spinosa 300μg/mL, stool samples and blood were collected for parasitological and haematological tests. In in vitro tests, toxicity against A. salina was 150μg/mL, there was obtained 81.53% efficiency against eggs and larvae of H. contortus. In vivo test, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments was performed by reduction test in faecal egg count (RCOF), the groups treated with Ivermectin and T. spinosa the 150μg/mL and 300μg/mL obtained the best results, reducing OPG after 28 days in 40.6, 41 and 42.6% respectively, thus revealing its herbal potential for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.