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Abstract Teacher-student interaction is a fundamental element in the training process at different educational levels (basic, technical, and professional) since it has a significant impact on academic performance, as well as on the socio-emotional areas of students and teachers. The objective of this article is to present a review of the main research topics of teacher-student interaction in recent years. The theoretical review was carried out in specialized databases and inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered. The results suggest that the main topics studied with respect to the teacher-student interaction can be classified into: the characteristics of the interaction, the effects of the interaction, and the influence on the interaction. Interaction characteristics: studies have focused on both general and specific aspects. Interaction effects: three large areas were found in which interaction effects arise, attitudes and behavior, academic development, and psychosocial risks. Influence on interaction: it arises from the influences of both the student and the teacher. This new and original classification of studies on teacher-student interaction can serve as a contribution to researchers and teachers to consider the various characteristics of the teacher-student relationship, as well as its influences on students and teachers, and some factors that can affect it. The limitations of the study and future lines of research are presented.
Resumen La interacción profesor-estudiante es un elemento fundamental en el proceso de formación en los diferentes niveles educativos (básico, técnico, profesional), ya que tiene un impacto significativo en el rendimiento académico, así como en las áreas socioemocionales de alumnos y docentes. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión de los principales temas de investigación de la interacción profesor-alumno en los últimos años. La revisión teórica se realizó en bases de datos especializadas y se tuvieron en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los resultados sugieren que los principales temas estudiados con respecto a la interacción profesor-alumno se pueden clasificar en tres categorías: las características de la interacción, los efectos de la interacción y la influencia en la interacción. Características de la interacción: los estudios se han centrado tanto en aspectos generales como específicos. Efectos de interacción: se encontraron tres grandes áreas en las que surgen efectos de interacción: actitudes y comportamiento, desarrollo académico y riesgos psicosociales. Influencia en la interacción: surge de las influencias tanto del alumno como del profesor. Esta nueva y original clasificación de los estudios sobre la interacción profesor-alumno puede servir de aporte a los investigadores y profesores para tener en cuenta las diversas características de la relación profesor-alumno, así como sus influencias en alumnos y profesores, y algunos factores que pueden afectarla. Se presentan las limitaciones del estudio y futuras líneas de investigación.
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Background: Access to pain management has been recognized as a fundamental human right. Inadequate pain relief hampers the quality of life and has a physiological and psychosocial impact on the patient and caregivers. Inadequate pain relief remains the leading cause of suffering in hospitalized patients worldwide. Objective: The objective of this article is to provide adequate pain relief to hospitalized patients through proper assessment, treatment, and monitoring of pain by the trained health-care workers through a sustainable and effective institutional pain management policy. Methods: The formulation of pain management policy at a tertiary care teaching institute was conducted in three phases – Phase 1: need assessment by an open?label, uncontrolled, prospective observational study over 1 month period, Phase 2: teaching, training, and awareness of health?care workers, and Phase 3: constitution of the committee at the institute level with the formation of pain resource teams. Results: An open?label, prospective observational study conducted over 1 month revealed that among 814 hospitalized patients, 108 out of 235 (46%) patients in medical and 385 out of 579 (66.5%) patients in the surgical cohort had NRS score of ?3, implying an inadequate pain relief even at 24 h following medical or surgical intervention, respectively. Conclusion: The provision of effective and adequate pain relief to hospitalized patients requires trained health-care workers and a uniform and structured pain management policy at the institutional level. Recognition and addressal of the barriers and challenges while framing an institutional pain policy is of utmost importance.
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Objective:To investigate academic publications of students of the full-time master of public health （professional degree， MPH） program and explore their research capacity. Methods:A total of 160 students of the full-time MPH program admitted from 2010 through 2014 were included in the study. Their academic publications were retrieved for analysis. Results:The average number of academic publications was 1.35. Moreover， 10.2% of the students had academic publications in Chinese journals， and 12.5% had publications in SCI-indexed English journals. Type of disciplines， province they were from， and economic status of their family were determined to be significantly associated with academic publications in SCI-indexed journals. Conclusion:Students of the full-time MPH program have research capacity； however， they have achieved relatively few academic publications of high quality. Establishment of a teaching and training program is warranted in both practice and research for students in full-time MPH programs in universities.
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Objective To explore the possibility of three-dimensional orbit replications for clinic and teaching of orbital blowout fracture surgical operation.Methods The orbital CT DICOM format data from 10 patients with orbital floor fractures were selected between November 2016 and January 2017 from Wendeng Osteopath Hospital.Thresholding technique,region growing technique,edit mask technique and multiple slice edit technique were used in sequence by Mimics software.And 3D replications were printed by Object 500 3D printer.The sizes of the replications were measured.The model of orbital blowout fracture and surgical implant model were simulated by senior orbital surgeon.Results In the 10 cases,male was 5 cases,and female was 5 eyes.The 3 D replications of the orbits were successfully designed and printed.The sizes of the 3D replications were basically consistent with those of patients' orbits,and there was no statistical difference (all P ＞ O.05).Under operation room surgery simulation environment,the orbital fracture surgical repair operation was demonstrated to the resident by the senior surgeon,3D printing orbital blowout fracture model can be successfully used to simulate the operation and teaching demonstration.Conclusion 3D printing orbital blowout fracture model can restore the true orbital injury and orbital anatomic details,provides the design operation of stereoscopic model for the physician,which has positive significance to understand the scope and surgery teaching simulation of orbital blowout fracture.
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Objective To explore the possibility of three-dimensional (3D) kidney replications for clinical and teaching of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods The CT urography (CTU) DICOM format data from 5 patients with kidney calculi were selected from March 1st to June 1st,2015.Thresholding technique,region growing technique,edit mask technique and multiple slice edit technique were used in sequence by Mimics software.And five 3D replications were printed by Object 500 3D printer.The sizes of the replications were measured and the replications were punctured.Results The 3D replications of the kidneys were successfully designed and printed.The average difference of the long axes between 3D replications and patients' kidneys was 0.283cm,the average difference of the diameters was 0.212cm,and the average difference of the diameter of the stones was 0.244cm.The sizes of the 3D replications were basically consistent with those of patients' kidneys.The simulative puncturing was successful.Conclusions After comparing the 3D replications with their original 2D CT images,the anatomical details are found basically the same.The 3D replications could provide 3D visual observations of organ anatomy for surgeons.
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Objective To explore the effect of PDCA circulation on the training of clinical nursing teachers.Methods PDCA circulation was applied to the training of clinical nursing teachers byPP(planning),D(doing),C(Checking),A(acting). The results of theoretical exams,teaching skills of teachers and the student’s satisfaction with clinical teaching were compared.Result The application of PDCA circulation in clinical nursing teachers training significantly improved the theoretical exam results and teaching skills of the teachers, increased student’s satisfaction with the ways and the skills of teaching,compared to the results before its use(P<0.05).Conclusions The application of PDCA circulation in training clinical nursing teachers can effectively improve the ability of clinical teachers and increase the student’s satisfaction with teachers,thus improve the quality of nursing teaching.
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Introdução: A oportunidade de aprendizado em microanastomoses vasculares confere ao indivíduo em treinamento a possibilidade de execução de operações de maior complexidade. O presente estudo traz um modelo laboratorial que possibilita o aprendizado das técnicas microvasculares. Objetivo: Demonstrar um protocolo de treinamento em microanastomoses vasculares que reproduz a situação clínica do reimplante digital. Metodologia: São utilizados roedores oriundos de uma população excedente do biotério de projetos de pesquisa em andamento. O treinamento é focalizado na dissecção e confecção dos diversos tipos de anastomoses nos vasos femorais do rato. O indivíduo realiza o treinamento de forma independente e executa em seqüência de complexidade anastomoses microvasculares arteriais e venosas terminoterminais, terminolaterais e enxertos venosos e arteriais. Resultados: A posição superficial e a bilateralidade dos vasos, neste modelo, possibilita o treinamento e a avaliação da permeabilidade na confecção das microanastomoses. O calibre dos vasos femorais reproduz com acurácia o calibre dos vasos digitais humanos. Conclusão: O protocolo de treinamento laboratorial de estudo independente nos vasos femorais do rato permite a confecção de diversos tipos de microanastomoses e apresenta semelhança no calibre dos vasos encontrados com os vasos digitais no reimplante digital.
Introduction: The opportunity of learning in vascular microanastomoses gives the trainee the chance to perform operations of greater complexity. This study presents a laboratory animal model that allows the learning of microvascular techniques. Aim: To demonstrate a training protocol in vascular microanastomoses that reproduces the clinical situation of digital replantation. Methods: Rodents of an excess population from the breeding colony of the ongoing research program are used. The training is focused on the dissection and performance of several types of anastomoses in rat femoral vessels. The trainee undergoes the training in independent fashion and performs a sequence of ascending complexity of terminoterminal and terminolateral arterial and venous microvascular anastomoses and venous and arterial grafts. Results: The superficial position and the bilaterality of vessels, in this model, allows training and evaluating the permeability of the performed microanastomoses. The caliber of femoral vessels accurately reproduces the caliber of human digital vessels. Conclusion: The protocol of laboratory training as independent study of rat femoral vessels allows the performance of several types of microanastomoses and bears resemblance in vessel caliber with the digital vessels in digital replantation.
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Animals , Rats , Models, Animal , Teaching Materials , Microsurgery/methods , Guidelines as Topic/methods , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Capillary Permeability , Vascular Surgical Procedures/methods , Replantation , Replantation/methodsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the highly effective teaching and training approaches to electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. Methods Using computer simulation and digital programming, ECG data-gathering platform was set up. Results Not only ECG data were gathered and stored automatically in real time, but its dynamic databases including examination database were established as well. Therefore the teaching and training approaches to ECG monitoring achieved digitization with network and multimedia. Conclusion On the basis of new computer techniques, the application study on teaching and training approaches to ECG monitoring helps to the organic integration of teaching, scientific research and clinical practice, and also helps to the improvement in the training level or quality.