Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes e a qualidade do ensino superior em saúde brasileiro / The National Student Performance Examination and the quality of Brazilian higher education in health / Examen Nacional de Rendimiento Estudiantil y calidad de la educación superior brasileña en salud

Resumo Objetivo: analisar o ensino superior da área da saúde no Brasil segundo os resultados do desempenho dos estudantes no Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes de 2019. Método: estudo transversal, retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa com dados on-line referentes a 192.715 estudantes de 3.712 cursos da saúde, coletados em 2020. O desempenho dos estudantes foi expresso em conceitos, ordenados em escala de um a cinco. Foram elaborados box-plot e estimadas prevalências dos conceitos e avaliadas diferenças segundo as características administrativas, de gestão e das cidades sede dos cursos por meio de teste estatísticos (α=5%). Resultados: observou-se nível satisfatório do ensino superior de saúde (70,0% com conceito ≥3). Cursos de medicina foram os mais satisfatoriamente avaliados, fonoaudiologia e enfermagem os piores. O ensino público, presencial e em universidades estiveram associados à maior qualidade do ensino. Níveis mais baixos foram verificados nos estados da região Norte, nas cidades pequenas e fora de áreas metropolitanas e naqueles sob gestão privada. Conclusão: verificou-se heterogeneidade na qualidade do ensino superior entre os cursos de saúde, indicando sua associação com características das instituições de ensino e à infraestrutura das cidades sedes dos cursos, apontando desafios para a qualidade da formação em saúde no Brasil.

Abstract Objective: to analyze higher education in the health area in Brazil according to the results of the students' performance in the 2019 National Student Performance Examination. Method: a cross-sectional and retrospective study with a quantitative approach and online data referring to 192,715 students from 3,712 health courses, collected in 2020. The students' performance was expressed in concepts, ordered on a scale of one to five. Box-plots were prepared, prevalence values of the concepts were estimated, and the differences were evaluated through statistical tests (α=5%) according to the administrative and management characteristics, as well as those of the cities where the courses were offered. Results: there was a satisfactory level of higher education in health (70.0% with a score ≥3). The Medicine courses were the most satisfactorily evaluated while Speech Therapy and Nursing obtained the worst scores. Public, face-to-face and university education were associated with better teaching quality. Lower levels were found in the North region states, in small towns, outside metropolitan areas and in those under private management. Conclusion: heterogeneity in the quality of higher education across the health courses was verified, indicating its association with the characteristics of the teaching institutions and with the infrastructure of the cities where the courses are offered, pointing out challenges to the quality of health education in Brazil.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la educación superior en el área de la salud en Brasil en función de los resultados del desempeño de los estudiantes en el Examen Nacional de Rendimiento de los Estudiantes de 2019. Método: estudio transversal, retrospectivo con enfoque cuantitativo con datos online referentes a 192.715 estudiantes de 3.712 carreras de salud, recolectados en 2020. El desempeño de los estudiantes se expresó en conceptos, ordenados en una escala de uno a cinco. Se elaboraron box-plots y se estimaron y las prevalencias de los conceptos y se evaluaron las diferencias según las características administrativas, de gestión y de las ciudades sede de las carreras a través de pruebas estadísticas (α=5%). Resultados: se observó un nivel satisfactorio de educación superior en salud (70,0% con concepto ≥3). Las carreas de Medicina obtuvieron las mejores calificaciones, las de Fonoaudiología y Enfermería las peores. Se asoció la educación pública, presencial y universitaria con una educación de mayor calidad. Los niveles más bajos se encontraron en los estados de la región Norte, en los pueblos pequeños y fuera de las áreas metropolitanas, y en las carreras de gestión privada. Conclusión: se verificó que había heterogeneidad en la calidad de la educación superior en las carreras de salud, lo que indica que hay una asociación entre las características de las instituciones educativas y la infraestructura de las ciudades donde se dictan las carreras, y señala que la calidad de la educación en salud en Brasil enfrenta desafíos.

Caracterização de membros de Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro / Characterization of members of research ethics committees in a capital of northeastern Brazil / Caracterización de los miembros de los comités de ética que investigan una capital en el noreste de Brasil

Objetivo: caracterizar membros de comitês de ética em pesquisa implantados em instituições de ensino superior e em hospitais de uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. Método: estudo descritivo, por meio de questionário online, aplicado na plataforma Google Forms, tendo como participantes 39 membros efetivos que atuavam em comitês de ética em pesquisa implantados em instituições de ensino superior e em hospitais. Resultados: dos participantes que responderam,59,0% pertenciam ao gênero feminino, 51,2% eram pardos, 54,0% mestres, 49,0% casados, 38,4% pertencem à categoria profissional professor (a), 54,0% dos participantes disseram não haver treinamento inicial, 51% disseram haver formação continuada, 79,5% relataram atuar em comitês de ética em pesquisa na instituição na qual trabalham. Conclusão: os membros dos comitês de ética de uma capital no nordeste brasileiro possuem caraterísticas necessárias para atuarem nesses colegiados, mas há necessidade de redimensionamento em alguns aspectos para que de fato possa haver proteção e garantia aos direitos e interesses dos participantes da pesquisa. (AU)

Objective: To characterize members of research ethics committees located in institutions of higher education and in hospitals in a capital of Northeastern Brazil. Methods: A descriptive study, using an online questionnaire, applied on the Google Forms platform, with 39 effective members who worked on research ethics committees in higher education institutions and hospitals as participants. Results: Of the participants who responded, 59.0% were female, 51.2% were brown, 54.0% masters, 49.0% married, 38.4% belong to the professional category teacher (a), 54, 0% of participants said there was no initial training, 51% said there was continuing training, 79.5% reported working on research ethics committees at the institution where they work. Conclusion: The members of the ethics committees of a capital city in northeastern Brazil have the necessary characteristics to act in these collegiate bodies, but there is a need to resize in some aspects so that in fact there can be protection and guarantee to the rights and interests of the research participants. (AU)

Objetivo: Caracterizar a los miembros de los comités de ética en investigación ubicados en instituciones de educación superior y en hospitales de una capital del noreste de Brasil. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, mediante cuestionario online, aplicado en la plataforma Google Forms, con 39 miembros efectivos que trabajaron en comités de ética en investigación en instituciones de educación superior y hospitales como participantes. Resultados: De los participantes que respondieron, 59,0% eran mujeres, 51,2% morenos, 54,0% maestros, 49,0% casados, 38,4% pertenecen a la categoría profesional docente (a), 54,0% de los participantes dijeron que no había formación inicial, El 51% dijo que había formación continua, el 79,5% informó que trabaja en comités de ética en investigación en la institución donde trabaja. Conclusión: Los miembros de los comités de ética de una ciudad capital en el noreste de Brasil tienen las características necesarias para actuar en estos órganos colegiados, pero es necesario redimensionar en algunos aspectos para que de hecho pueda haber protección y garantía a los derechos y intereses de los participantes en la investigación. (AU)

Analysis on the Organizational System of Continuing Education and Management System of Teaching Institutions for Licensed Pharmacists in the United States and Its Enlightenment to China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference a nd ideas for improving the organizational system of continuing education and management system of teaching institutions for licensed pharmacists in China. METHODS ：By introducing the general situation of pharmaceutical education ， the legal basis and subject of continuing education organization and management of licensed pharmacists，and the situation of teaching institutions in the United States ，the existing problems in organizing continuing education institutions and managing teaching institutions for licensed pharmacists in China were analyzed ，and some suggestions were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The continuing education for licensed pharmacists in the United States is supported and promoted by state laws ；the organizational system of continuing education is relatively clear ，the responsibilities of each management subject are clear and the relationship is coordinated ；the teaching institutions have a relatively complete management system and process. However ，the management subject of continuing education for licensed pharmacists in China is inconsistent. It is difficult to establish a unified supervision system ，and there is a lack of unified management standard. And because the qualifications of teaching institutions vary greatly ，the quality of education is difficult to guarantee. It is suggested that China should learn from the experience of the United States and use higher-level legal documents to ensure the clarity of the organization and system of continuing education for licensed pharmacists ；establish a scientific and complete management system and access standards for continuing education institutions ；choose the appropriate management mode of continuing education based on the national conditions.

Job Satisfaction Of Faculties Of Medical Teaching Institutions: A Multicentric Cross–Sectional Study

BACKGROUND– Work output of an employee is dependent on the job satisfaction level and is an important criterion as its effect has an indirect impact on the society. A study on job satisfaction level of faculties in Government Medical Colleges would help in the betterment of the Medical Education System in India as it would bring out factors that affect the performance of medical teachers. METHODS-- 100 structured questionnaires, based on 'The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire', were distributed among faculties, which were duly filled up by the participants and the data from the questionnaires were statistically analyzed. RESULT--According to the grade of satisfaction level, it was found that 4.4% were extremely satisfied, 21.1% were very satisfied , 37.8% were satisfied, 30% were somewhat satisfied, , 5.5% were not satisfied, and 1.2% was indecisive. CONCLUSION—Transfer, low salary, disparity in infrastructure is instigating medical teachers to join different private medical colleges.